大学英语四级考试真题及答案.docx

大学英语四级考试真题及答案.docx

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大学英语四级考试真题及答案

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

　　PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

　　注意:

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus。

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

　　1.建设绿色校园很重要

　　2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

　　3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

　　CreatingaGreenCampus

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions：

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7，choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）。

Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage。

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

　　Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

　　Butwithlow—incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever—largershareofthecollege—boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”，isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars。

　　GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington，D。

C。

，forexample，saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings，about$2.5million，intoneed—basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa。

madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago。

　　Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N。

Y。

，saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit—aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008。

　　Notallcollegesoffermeritaid；generally，themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso。

HarvardandPrinceton，forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages，butmanyfamilieswhodon'tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

　　Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue—builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

　　Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween，meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They'retryingtobuystudents，"saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum。

　　Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

　　“Aswelooktothefuture，weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed—basedaid，”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton，whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years。

Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

　　Meritaid，whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear，orabout4％ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout＄1millionayear，“serveduswell，”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore。

"

　　Need—basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid，whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel。

　　Between1995-96and2003—04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%，comparedwith47％forneed—basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

　　Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum，co—authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

　　DavidLaird，presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

　　“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti—trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid，“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat'sgoingveryfast，andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves。

”

　　Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle—incomefamilies,whodon'tqualifyforneed—basedaid，thatmanyhavecometodependonit。

And，astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

　　That'sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

　　“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship，"saysScottFriedhoff，Allegheny'svicepresidentforenrollment.

　　EmoryUniversityinAtlanta，whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠），meanwhile，istakinganotherapproach。

Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies。

Atthesametime，itwouldexpandits28—year—oldmeritprogram.

　　“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame，"acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation。

Butithasitsstrongpoint，too，hesays。

“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It'stheaverageAmericanmiddle—classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”

　　＊Afewwordsaboutmerit—basedaid：

　　Merit—basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic，athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

　　Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents'grades，GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool。

However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell。

Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills，andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases，studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess。

　　Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind，fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents。

Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired，sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance。

　　Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea。

Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design，fashion,music，danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort，whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

　　1。

Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________。

　　A）offeringstudentsmoremerit—basedaidB）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

　　C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

　　2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

　　A）Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

　　B）Itadded＄2.5milliontoitsneed—basedaidprogram.

　　C）Itphasedoutitsmerit—basedscholarshipsaltogether.

　　D）Itcutsitsmerit—basedaidtohelptheneedystudents。

　　3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.

　　A）improveteachingqualityB）boosttheirenrollments

　　C）attractgoodstudentsD）increasetheirrevenues

　　4.MonicaInzer，deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton，believes______.

　　A）itdoesn'tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

　　B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

　　C）it'sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4％ofitsstudents

　　D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

　　5.Inrecentyears，merit—basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed—basedaiddueto______.

　　A）moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

　　C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

　　6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

　　A）Theywouldliketoseeitreduced。

　　B）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil。

　　C）Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

　　D）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies。

　　7.Whydoesn'tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely？

　　A）Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

　　B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed—basedaid.

　　C）Manystudentsfrommiddle—incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

　　D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed—basedaid。

　　8。

Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.

　　9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance。

　　10。

Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfield

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations。

Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid。

Boththeconversationandthequestion