F16战机基本概况.docx
- 文档编号:24099047
- 上传时间:2023-05-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:24.72KB
F16战机基本概况.docx
《F16战机基本概况.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《F16战机基本概况.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
F16战机基本概况
AllF-16sarenotcreatedequal.FightingFalconsrollingoutofthefactorytodayarenothinglikeearlierversions.Somedifferencesarevisible—largercontrolsurfaces;widerinlet;tintedcanopy;squaredlandinglights;andvariousantennas,vents,bumps,andblisters.Mostdifferencesrequiremorethanthenakedeyetosee—structuralbeef-ups,improvedengines,digitalelectronics,vastlyincreasedcomputingcapacity,andsoftwarechangestoaccommodatenewfunctions,sensors,andweapons.
Theall-glasscockpit(nomechanicalgauges)ofthelatestF-16sisthemanifestationofmanyoftheseimprovements.Threelargefive-byseven-inchcolormultifunctiondisplaystransmitinformationfromavarietyofsensorstothepilotinstraightforwardcolorgraphics.Thecockpitfeatureshands-onthrottleandside-stickswitchcontrols,nightvisiongoggles-compatiblelighting,acolormovingmap,andalargehead-updisplay.Ahelmet-mountedcueingsystemallowspilotstotargetweaponsbysimplyturningtheirheads.
Beginnings
TheoriginalF-16wasdesignedasalightweightair-to-airdayfighter.Air-to-groundmissionsimmediatelytransformedthefirstproductionF-16sintomultirolefighters.TheF-16sthatfollowedexpandedandrefinedtheseroleswithbeyond-visual-rangemissiles,infraredsensors,precision-guidedmunitions,andmanyothercapabilities.CurrentandplannedversionsoftheF-16buildontheserefinements,enhancingcapabilitiesevenfurther.
Butthefundamentalstrengthsoftheoriginaldesignremain.AttheheartofeveryFightingFalconisthelightweightfighterconceptchampionedbyCol.JohnBoydandtheothermembersofwhatcametobeknownastheLightweightFighterMafiaintheUSAirForceandDepartmentofDefense.Thisgroupfavoredsimpleandsmallfighterdesignsthatcouldchangedirectionandspeedfasterthantheirpotentialadversaries—designsthatwerehardertodetect;designsthatwereinexpensivetoproduce,operate,andmaintain.TheFighterMafiaadvocatedusingtechnologytoincreaseeffectivenessorreducecost.Theywentsofarastoquestionandthoroughlyanalyzethebasicassumptionsofhowfighterswerejudgedandcompared.
EngineersinFortWorthtransformedtheseideasintorealityinthe1970s.Theresultinglightweightfightercombinedahostofadvancedtechnologiesthathadneverbeenusedinoperationalfighters.Ablendedwing-body,variablecamberwings,andforebodystrakesprovidedextraliftandcontrol.Fly-by-wireflightcontrolsimprovedresponsetimeandreplacedheavyhydro-mechanicalsystemswithlighterandsmallerelectronicsystems.Relaxedstaticstability,madepossiblebythefly-by-wiresystem,greatlyenhancedagilityandstability.Aside-mountedthrottleandstick,head-updisplay,thirty-degreeseatbackangle,hands-oncontrols,andbubblecanopyimprovedthepilot’sg-toleranceandsituationalawareness.
Allofthesetechnologieshadbeenexploredbeforeinavarietyofotheraircraftandresearchprograms.ButtheF-16prototype,orYF-16,wasthefirstairplanetoincorporateallofthemintoaproducibledesign.
ThedevelopmentoftheYF-16optimizedadesignforperformance.TheevolutionoftheproductionF-16s,ontheotherhand,becameabalancingactbetweenaddingandimprovingcapabilitiesandmaintainingtheoriginaldesign’soptimizedperformance.
Capabilityimprovementscantakemanyforms:
countermeasures,infraredsensors,lasertargetingdevices,missionizedrearcockpits,dorsalfairings,datalinks,satellitecommunications,helmet-mountedcueingsystems,conformalfueltanks,largecolordisplays,all-glasscockpits,improvedstores(reconnaissancepods,weapons,andotherwing-mountedsystems),andauto-recoverysystems.Eachnewcapabilitybenefitsfromitsownevolutionaryprocess.Alloftheseimprovementleapsarepackedintoanairframestillcapableofsustainingnineg’sandofout-performingotherfourth-generationfighters.
Pratt&WhitneyandGeneralElectrichaveaddedtotheevolutionwithimpressiveimprovementsinengineperformance.TheoriginalPratt&WhitneyengineontheYF-16developedabout23,000poundsofthrust.TheenginesontheBlock50/52aircraftdevelopnearly30,000poundsofthrust.TheGEF110-GE-132engineontheBlock60F-16isratedat32,500poundsofthrust.So,eventhoughtheF-16’soverallweighthasincreased,itsthrust-to-weightratiohasimprovedaswell.
However,theLightweightFighterMafiawillpointoutthatthrust-to-weightratioisnottheonlyindicatorofaircraftperformance.Thefiguredoesn’taccountfortheeffectsofwingloadingandaerodynamicdrag.Abettermeasureofperformanceisenergyrate(orPs),whichisafunctionofthrust,weight,velocity,anddrag.Everyexternalpayloadextractsaperformancepriceinaerodynamicdrag.AndF-16srarelyflywithoutafewstoreshangingunderthewing.
Technologycomestotherescueagain.Advancesinelectronicminiaturizationhaveresultedinlighter,morecompacthardwarethat,inturn,significantlyreducesdrag.Thelatestnavigationandtargetingpods,forexample,aresmaller,lighter,andaerodynamicallycleanerthanfirst-generationpods.Electroniccountermeasuresystemshaveshrunk,too,andhavemorerecentlyfoundtheirwayundertheF-16’sskin,eliminatingevenmoredrag.Weaponeersaremakingbombsandmissilessmaller,lighter,andmorestreamlined.Dragreductionshaveoftenaccompaniedeffortstoaddmoresystemsandweaponstotheairplaneandtomaketheairplanelessdetectibleandmoresurvivable.
WhiletheF-16todaybenefitsfromtheelectronicrevolution,theoriginaldesignersdidnotanticipateit.Infact,theypurposelykepttheaircraftasdenseaspossibletopreventadditionalsystems—andtheextraweighttheywouldbring—frombeingplacedinsidetheairframe.Technologyadvanceshaveallowedmuchmorecapabilitytobepackedintothatsamespaceor,insomecases,inmuchlessspace.
BuildingBlocks
KeepingupwithallthevarietiesoftheF-16isnosmalltask.Thejobissimplified,though,becausemostchangestotheF-16aremadeingroups,orblocks,totrackitemsontheproductionline.Wheneveranew-productionconfigurationfortheF-16isestablished,theblocknumberincreases.
ThefirstproductionaircraftfollowingthetwoYFprototypesandtheeightfull-scaledevelopmentF-16swereBlocks1and5.(FromBlock30/32on,amajorblockdesignationendingin0signifiesaGeneralElectricengine;oneendingin2signifiesaPratt&Whitneyengine.)Thecurrenthighestoperationalblockdesignation,however,isBlock60,whichisflownbytheUnitedArabEmirates.
SignificantmodificationprogramshavetheirowndesignationaswellsuchastheMid-LifeUpgradeandtheCommonConfigurationImprovementProgram.ThelatestproposedsignificantmodificationfortheF-16iscalledtheF-16V(VstandingforViper).
TheAinF-16AreferstoBlocks1through20single-seataircraft.TheBinF-16Breferstothetwo-seatversion.ThelettersCandDweresubstitutedforAandB,respectively,beginningwithBlock25.ThenewserieslettersemphasizethemajordifferencesoccurringbetweenBlocks15and25.Block60denotesthetransitionfromtheF-16C/DtotheF-16E/F.
Full-ScaleDevelopment:
ProductionPredecessors
TheYF-16waschosenovertheYF-17intheLightweightFightercompetitionin1975.Workbeganonthefirstofeightfull-scaledevelopment,orFSD,F-16s,incorporatingthefirstmajor—mostlyinternal—designchanges.Thedesignerswereintentonretainingtheoutstandingflyingqualitiesoftheoriginaldesign.Sonochangesthatwoulddegradetheprototype’saerodynamicsweremade.Atthesametime,theyhadtoadapttheairplanetoamplifiedair-to-groundrequirements.Theoveralllengthgrewbythirteeninches.ThenoseacquiredaslightdrooptoaccommodatetheWestinghouseAPG-66multimoderadar.
Torespondtotheneedforlargerair-to-groundpayloads,thewingandtailsurfaceswereenlargedtocarrytheextraweight.Thewingareagrewfrom280to300squarefeet,whichisaboutasmuchasitcouldgrowwithoutrequiringadditionalinternalbulkheadstolengthenthefuselage.Thehorizontaltailsandventralfinsgrewaboutfifteenpercent.Theflaperonsandspeedbrakesgrewbyabouttenpercent.Anadditionalhardpointwasplacedundereachwing,givingtheaircraftatotalofnine.Theairframewasalsostructurallystrengthened.
OtherchangesintheFSDaircraftincludedalighterweightStencelSIIISejectionseat,asimplersingledoorinsteadoftwindoorsonthenoselandinggearwell,andaself-containedenginestarter.Thecanopytransparencywasstrengthenedtowithstandafour-pound,350-knotbirdstrike.Theradomewashingedtoeaseaccesstotheradar.
TheYF-16validatedtheaerodynamics,propulsion,andhandlingqualitiesoftheaircraft’sbasicdesign.Withthemajordesignissuesoutoftheway,engineersconcentratedmoreoninternaldetails—suchastheelectricalsystem,hydraulics,andavionics—withtheFSDaircraft.TheFSDaircrafthadnoblocknumbers,thoughtheyareoftenreferredtoasBlock0F-16s.
Blocks1And5:
GoingOperational
AftertheprototypeandFSDprograms,thefirstBlock1F-16(serialnumber78-0001)wasflownforthefirsttimeinAugust1978anddeliveredtotheUSAirForcethatsamemonth.Theaircraftwasfirstassignedtothe388thTacticalFighterWingatHillAFB,Utah,andlaterbecameaninterceptorwiththe125thFighterInterceptorGroupinJacksonville,Florida,followedbyatouratthe158thFighterInterceptorGroupinBurlington,Vermont.Itthenwasflownbythe127thTacticalFighterWingatSelfridgeAirNationalGuardBase,Michigan.TheaircraftwaseventuallysenttoLowryAFB,Colorado,asastudenttrainer.ThefirstoperationalF-16isnowond
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- F16 战机 基本 概况