大学英语四六级阅读作文训练.docx
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大学英语四六级阅读作文训练.docx
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大学英语四六级阅读作文训练
2017年12月四级阅读(第一套)
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effext.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.
Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewasthatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivitypftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.
Curiousidthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.
46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?
A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople. C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.
B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution. D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.
47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?
A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.
B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.
C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.
D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.
48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?
A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.
B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.
C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.
D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.
49.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?
A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.
B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.
C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.
D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.
50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?
A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.
B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.
C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.
D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.
Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?
Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.
Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying“no.”Womenwanttobeabletodoitall—volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals—andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”
Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay“no”maybehurtingwomen’shealthaswellastheircareer.
Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon’twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem—evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.
Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely—includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyouinabilitytodelegateeffectively.
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?
A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.
B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.
C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.
D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.
52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?
A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.
B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.
C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.
D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.
53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?
A)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.
B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.
C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.
D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.
54.Menandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat________
A) womentendtobeeasilysatisfied
B) menaregenerallymorepersuasive
C) mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst
D) womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise
55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?
A) Adominantpersonality. C) Thecouragetoadmitfailure.
B) Theabilitytodelegate. D) Astrongsenseofresponsibility.
2017年12月四级阅读(第二套)
PassageOne
Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”
Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.
BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.
“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.
“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,”hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”
Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”
“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”
LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.
“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”
46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?
A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.
B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.
C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.
D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.
47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?
A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated. C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.
B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease. D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.
48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?
A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.
B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.
C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.
D)
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