语法练习之虚拟语气篇.docx
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语法练习之虚拟语气篇.docx
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语法练习之虚拟语气篇
语法练习之虚拟语气篇
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测等。
它常用于以下几个方面:
一.条件句
1.If条件句中:
A:
对现在虚拟---表示与现在事实相反的假设:
条件从句中的谓语用一般过去时did/were
主句中的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形do
IfIknewthefact,Iwouldtellyou.
(IwouldtellyouifIknewthefact.)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.
(IwouldgowithhimifIwereyou.)
Nowtrythefollowingquestion:
1.IfI______,everythingwouldbeallright.
a. washere b. amhere
c. werehere d. willbehere
B:
对过去虚拟---表示与过去事实相反的假设:
条件从句中的谓语用过去完成时haddone
主句中的谓语用could/might/should/would+have+done
IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethismistake.
(Iwouldn’thavemadethismistakeifIhadtakenyouradvice.)
Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.
(Youwouldhaveseenhimifyouhadcomeyesterday.)
Nowtrythefollowingquestions:
1. Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,we_____muchearlier.
a. shouldarrive b. shouldhavearrived
c. mightarrive d. wouldarrive
2. Ifitwerenotforpeace,we_______ahappylifetoday.
a. couldnotbeliving b. couldnothavelived
c. wouldlive d. wouldn’thavelived
3. They______theproblemeasilyiftheyhadnotacquiredmuchfundamentalscientificknowledge.
a. hadn’tsolved b. wouldn’thavesolved
c. solved d. solve
C:
对将来虚拟---表示与将来事实相反的假设:
条件从句中的谓语用should+do/wereto+do
主句中的谓语用could/might/should/would+动词原形do
Ifyouweretocometomorrow,Imighthavetimetoseeyou.
(Imighthavetimetoseeyouifyouweretocometomorrow.)
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldwedo?
(Whatwouldwedoifitshouldraintomorrow.)
Nowtrythefollowingquestion:
1. Ifyou________seeJane,whatwouldyoutellher?
a. willbegoingto b. oughtto
c. areto d. wereto
2.省略If的条件句
当条件句中的If省略,要将were,had,should提到主语前面,形式倒装。
如果没有were,had,should,则既不能省略If,也不能倒装。
HadItakenyouradvice(=IfIhadtakenyouradvice),Iwouldn’thavemadethismistake.(对过去虚拟)
Hadyoucomeyesterday(=Ifyouhadcomeyesterday),youwouldhaveseenhim.(对过去虚拟)
Wereyoutocometomorrow(=Ifyouweretocometomorrow),Imighthavetimetoseeyou.(对将来虚拟)
Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),whatwouldwedo?
(对将来虚拟)
*几乎不用于对现在的虚拟中。
Nowtrythefollowingquestions:
1. Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,____________allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.
a. couldlose b. wouldhavelost
c. mightlost d. oughttohavelost
2. Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,______asuddenloudnoise.
a. beingthere b. shouldtherebe
c. therewas d. therehavingbeen
3. ______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
a. Wouldheleave b. Werehetoleave
c. Washeleaving d. Ifheleaves
4. ___youbeinterested,Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.
a. Should b. Would
c. Will d. Shall
5. _____Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhaveintendedtogetinvolved.
a. When b. If
c. Had d. Unless
6. _____theexperimenttomorrow,heshouldreadtheinstructionscarefully.
a. Werehetodo b. Washedoing
c. Ifhedoes d. Wouldhedo
7. _____,Iwouldtakenanumbrellawithme.
a. HadIbeenyou b. Iwereyou
c. WereIyou d. Ihadbeenyou
8. HadDickensforeseenthathenovelwouldcausesuchadisturbance,he_____it.
a. shouldnothavewritten b. wouldnothavewritten
c. didnotwrite d. hadnotwritten
9. Hadwemadeadequatepreparations,theparty_____asuccess.
a. canbe b. willbe
c. wouldhavebeen d. wouldbe
10. ______,thedamagewouldhavebeenincalculable.
a. Hassuchadisasteroccurred
b. Hadsuchadisasteroccurred
c. Ifsuchadisasteroccurred
d. Ifsuchadisasterhadbeenoccurred
3.混合型虚拟条件句
通常情况下,主句和从句所指的时间是一致的,要么都是现在时,要么都是过去时,或将来时。
但是有时也可能指不同的时间,这时候要根据上下文的意思灵活确定谓语动词的时态。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakentheadvice.
Ifherhusbandhadnotbeenkilledinthewar,shewouldnotbehelpingotherswiththehouseworknow.
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
Ifwehadcontrolledourpopulationinthe1950’s,thepopulationproblemwouldn’tbesoserioustoday.
Nowtrythefollowingquestions:
1. Ifyouhadnothelpedthem,they_____inLondonno
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