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级英语本科3班+350601+郑翠翠+正文最终版+张勇
学号:
3506012016
泰山医学院毕业设计(论文)
OnWilliamWordsworth’sConceptofChildhood
院(部)系
外国语学院
所学专业
英语本科
年级、班级
2006级3班
完成人姓名
郑翠翠
指导教师姓名
专业技术职务
张勇讲师
2010年5月28日
OnWilliamWordsworth’sConceptofChildhood
By
ZhengCuicui
Supervisor:
ZhangYong
SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguages
InPartialFulfillmentofRequirementsfor
TheDegreeofBachelorofArts
TaishanMedicalUniversity
Taian,China
May,2010
论文原创性保证书
我保证所提交的论文都是自己独立完成,如有抄袭、剽窃、雷同等现象,愿承担相应后果,接受学校的处理。
专业:
英语专业
班级:
2006级3班
签名:
2010年5月28日
Abstract
WilliamWordsworth,theleaderofthe“LakePoets”,tookchildhoodasoneofhismajorthemeswhichhelpedhimachievehisromanticideas.Wordsworth’sviewpointsonchildren,suchas“ChildistheFatherofMan”and“Pre-existedsoul”wereunprecedentedinthehistoryofEnglishromanticliterature.HisviewpointsonchildrenweretheproductsoftheIndustrialRevolutionandtheFrenchRevolution.Hisconceptofchildhoodwonwideapprovalbythecontemporarysociety.Tostudyhisconceptofchildhooddeeplyisquitehelpfultounderstandhispoems.
ThepurposeofthispaperistoleadthereaderstoponderoverthenatureofmodernmanbyanalyzingWordsworth’sconceptofchildhood.Inthismaterialsociety,peoplehadbetterretainchildren’sinnocencetobeclosetohappiness.Nowadays,therelationshipbetweenhumanandnatureisintension,whichrequiresmodernmantoretrospectthemselves.Thus,therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturewillbeinharmoniousdevelopment.
Chapter1introducesWordsworth’slifeandachievementsbriefly.Chapter2introducesbrieflythebackgroundinformationofhisconcept,includingtheFrenchRevolution,theIndustrialRevolution,transcendentalism,etc..Chapter3,analysesthepoems“WeAreSeven”and“MyHeartLeapsUp”todemonstratethecoreoftheconceptofchildhood.Chapter4explainsthesignificanceofhisconceptofchildhood.Atlast,thepaperdrawsitsconclusionthatWordsworth’sconceptofchildhoodplaysanimportantpartinhisromanticideasandhasgreatenlightenmentonmodernman.
Keywords:
WilliamWordsworth;childhood;adult;nature
摘要
“湖畔诗人”的领袖华兹华斯把儿童观作为他诗歌的主题之一,使他更好地表达出他的浪漫思想。
华兹华斯提出的“儿童乃成人之父”“灵魂前存在”等著名的儿童理念是英国浪漫主义文学史上前所未有的,他的儿童思想是工业革命、法国大革命的产物,得到了当时英国社会的广泛认同,深入研究华兹华斯的儿童理念对理解他的诗歌有重要意义。
本篇论文的意义就在于通过对华兹华斯儿童观的剖析,引领读者对现代人的本性进行思考,在这个物欲洪流的现代社会,人们不妨保留一些儿童的纯真,在这个人与自然关系紧张的今天,现代人应该反思自己的行为,从而促进人与自然关系的和谐发展。
第一章简要介绍了华兹华斯的生平和他的主要成就;第二章分析了他的儿童观形成的背景,主要包括法国大革命,工业革命,超验主义等;第三章,通过分析《我们是七个》和《每当我看见天上的虹》这两首诗来阐释华兹华斯儿童观的内涵;第四章说明了华兹华斯儿童观的影响;最后本文得出结论,华兹华斯的儿童观在他的浪漫主义思想中起着举足轻重的作用,对现代人具有深刻的启迪意义。
关键词:
威廉·华兹华斯;儿童;成人;自然
Contents
Chapter1Introduction1
Chapter2BackgroundsoftheConceptofChildhood3
2.1TheFrenchRevolution3
2.2TheIndustrialRevolution4
2.3CulturalBackground5
Chapter3IllustratingtheCoreoftheConceptofChildhoodbyAnalyzing
Wordsworth’sPoems6
3.1Childhoodin“WeareSeven”6
3.1.1Childhoodfromtheperspectiveoflanguagestyle6
3.1.2Childhoodfromtheperspectiveofthecontentofthepoem7
3.2Childhoodin“MyHeartLeapsup”8
3.3TheCoreoftheConceptofChildhood10
3.3.1Natrueasastrikingfeatureoftheconceptofchildhood10
3.3.2Children’sinnocenceindispensableintheconceptofchildhood10
Chapter4TheSignificanceoftheConceptofChildhoodonRomanticism12
4.1TheConcept’sInfluenceonEnglishRomanticLiterature12
4.2TheConcept’sInfluenceonAmericanTranscendentalism13
Chapter5Conclusion15
Notes17
Bibliography18
Acknowledgements19
Chapter1Introduction
WilliamWordsworth(7April1770-23April1850)wasamajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads.Wordsworth’smasterpieceisgenerallyconsideredtobe“ThePrelude”,asemi-autobiographicalpoemofhisearlyyearswhichthepoetrevisedandexpandedmanytimes.“ThePrelude”isconsideredacentralworkofRomanticliterarytheory.Init,Wordsworthdiscusseswhatheseesastheelementsofanewtypeofpoetry,onebasedonthereallanguageofmenandwhichavoidsthepoeticdictionofmucheighteenth-centurypoetry.Here,Wordsworthalsogiveshisfamousdefinitionofpoetry“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsfromemotionsrecollectedintranquility”.WordsworthwasEngland’sPoetLaureatefrom1843untilhisdeathin1850.
WilliamWordsworthwasborninCockermouth,Cumberland,intheLakeDistrict.ThemagnificentlandscapedeeplyaffectedWordsworth’simaginationandgavehimaloveofnature.Afterthedeathoftheirmotherin1778,theirfathersentWilliamtoHawksheadGrammarSchoolandsentDorothytolivewithrelativesinYorkshire.SheandWilliamdidnotmeetagainforanothernineyears.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas13.ThedomesticproblemsseparatedWordsworthfromhisbelovedandneuroticsisterDorothy,whowasaveryimportantpersoninhislife.Dorothyhadespeciallyfreshcontacttonaturefromaveryearlyage.Herthoughtsandimpressionwereavaluablesourceofinspirationforherbrother,whoalsointroducedhimselfasNature’schild.Thefirsttimeshesawthesea,sheburstintotears,“indicatingthesensibilityforwhichshewassoremarkable”Wordsworthremembered.
Wordsworthmadehisdebutasawriterin1787whenhepublishedasonnetinTheEuropeanMagazine.ThatsameyearhebeganattendingStJohn’sCollege,Cambridge,andreceivedhisB.A.degreein1791.HereturnedtoHawksheadforhisfirsttwosummerholidays,andoftenspentlaterholidaysonwalkingtours,visitingplacesfamousforthebeautyoftheirlandscape.In1790,hetookawalkingtourofEurope,duringwhichhetouredtheAlpsextensively,andalsovisitednearbyareasofFrance,Switzerland,andItaly.
WilliamWordsworthdiedbyre-aggravatingacaseofpleurisyon23April1850,andwasburiedatSt.Oswald’schurchinGrasmere.HiswidowMarypublishedhislengthyautobiographical“PoemtoColeridge”asThePreludeseveralmonthsafterhisdeath.Thoughthisfailedtoarousegreatinterestin1850,ithassincecometoberecognizedashismasterpiece.
InWordsworth’spoetry,twothemesemergeaspredominate.Thefirstisthatofnature.Thesecondishisideathat“TheChildisfatheroftheMan”.In“MyheartLeapsup”,thesethemesmeet.Theresultisapoemshowinghow,forthepoet,theexperienceofnatureisintimatelyassociatedwiththeexperienceofchildhood.InmostofWilliamWordsworth’spoemsaboutchildren,childhoodisdescribedasahappyperiod,whichiscontemplatedintheadultageasamomentofcompleteinnocenceandthoughtlessnessprecedingthediscoveryofthedifficultiesoflife.Childhoodbecomesametaphorofhumanfacultytoseeintoreality.Theimageofchildrenas“fatheroftheMan”[3]canbefoundinWilliamWordsworth’spoetry.Theworkssuchas“WeAreSeven”,“AnecdoteforFathers”and“MyHeartLeapsUp”areallveryfamousinhispoemsdescribingchildren.Intheseworks,itreflectssomepreciousqualitieswhicharejustwhatmostofadultslackthroughtheanalysisofchildren.
Chapter2BackgroundsofWordsworth’sConceptofChildhood
TheRomanticErawasanagewhichopenedduringtheIndustrialRevolution(1800-1900)andtheFrenchRevolution(1789).TheseRevolutionsaffectedgreatlytheromanticpoetsbydisruptingandpollutingnature.WilliamWordsworth’sconceptofchildhoodwasalsoinfluencedbytranscendentalismandpre-romanticism.
2.1TheFrenchRevolution
July14,1789sawagreateventinEurope.ThatwastheFrenchRevolution.Theheavily-exploitedParisianpeopleroseanddemolishedthe“Bastille”thesymboloffeudalism.Therevolutiondestroyedthefeudaleconomicbasis.ItsinfluencesweptalloverEurope.Therevolutionproclaimedthenaturalrightsofmanandtheabolitionofclassdistinctions.This,ofcourse,waswelcomedbythelaboringpeopleinBritainwherethelaboringpeopleandtheprogressiveintellectualshailedtheFrenchRevolutionanditsprinciples.TheRevolutionhadsuchastronginfluenceonBritainthatmanywriterssuchasWilliamBlake,RobertBurns,GeorgeGordonByron,WilliamWordsworth,andSamuelTaylorColeridgegottheirinspirationsfromitandwrotelotsofpoemsorprose.AsaRomanticist,Wordsworthbelievedintheequalityofallmenandsawthemonarchyasaninstitutionthatsoughttotakeawaythisequality.Whenthepoetwaspushedintoanargumentwithanarmyroyalist,heprovedtobeinstinctivelyademocratic.TheyoungWordsworthhadgreathopesfortheRevolution,andhebelievedthatoncearepublicwasfirmlyinpowerinFrance,heandhiscontemporaries“shouldseethepeoplehavingastronghand/Inframingtheirownlaws;whencebettersday;Toallmankind”.[1]WordsworththereforewantedFrancetobecomea“workofhonor”madepossiblebymenwho“bypatientexerciseofreasonmade/Worthyofliberty”.[3]ToWordsworth,ademocraticgovernmentcouldnotworkunlessthereweremenlikeBeaupuyandotherrevolutionariestoensurethatthegovernmentadheredtotheprinciplesofhonorandfreedomforallmen.
WiththeadventoftheTerrorandEngland’sdeclarationofwaragainstFrance,Wordsworthbecamehighlyagitated.Essentially,hewastornbetweenhiszealfortheidealsoffreedomandequalityandthebloodshedhesawgoingonallaroundhim.Ultimately,WordsworthlosthiszealforRevolution.Withinaperiodofthreeyears,Wordsworthwentfrombeinganavidrepublicanwithdreamsofuniversalbrotherhoodandequalityamongallmen,toaconservativewhowishedtopreservetheexistingstabilityandorderinEngland.
2.2TheIndustrialRevolution
TherapidindustrialgrowththatbeganinGreatBritainduringthem
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