届高考英语阅读理解精选细做科教科普类.docx
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届高考英语阅读理解精选细做科教科普类.docx
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届高考英语阅读理解精选细做科教科普类
科教科普类
1、 Australialeadstheworldinitsnumberofresidentpoisonousspidersaswellasthestrengthoftheirtoxicity(毒性).However,ofalmost9,800speciesmostareperfectlyharmlessandinteresting.
Spiderdiversityisbroadandmanyfascinatingspeciesoccurherethatrangefromthelargetothetinyandhardlynoticed,andfromthedullestblacktothestrangelyshaped.
Spiderscanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtothestrategies(策略)theyuseforfeeding.Spiderswhichappearedearlierintheevolutionaryscalefeedbywaitinginacaveforfoodtocomealongbeforegrabbingit.Followingthemwerespiderswhichactivelywanderedlookingforfoodandwhichcaughtitbychasingitdown.Theevolutionofflyinginsectsmakesspidersevolvenewwaysofcatchingfoodwhichcouldn’tbechasedandsotheearliestairwebweaversarose.
MostspidersfeedoninsectsandotherarthropodsbuttheWhistlingSpiderfeedsonfrogsandsmallbirds.TheGoldenOrbSpideralsofeedsonsmallbirds.
Aspiderperiodicallysheds(蜕皮;脱落)itsskinsothatitcangrow.Immaturestagesarecalledmoults.Eachspecieshasaparticularnumberofmoultsthatitwillgothroughbeforereachingitsfinaladultstage.
Usually,oncemalespidershavemated,theydieshortlyafter.But,evenindeath,Redbackmalesoftenserveapurpose.ThealreadypregnantRedbackfemalesalwayskilltheirloverand,inmostcases,alsoeatthem.Thisprovidesthemwithasmallreproductiveadvantage.
Allowingspiderstotakeupplacesaroundhousescanbebeneficialinthattheycatchotherannoyinginsectssuchasmosquitoesandflies.
Restassuredthatwhileyoumightseesomelargespiders,andperhapsevensomepoisonousones,agoodruleistolookandadmirebutdon'ttouchanyspideryoufind.Eventhosewithoutpoisoncouldstillhaveanastybite.
1.Differentfamiliesofspidersareidentifiedthemselvesby ______.
A.theirphysicalcharacter
B.theirwaysofgettingfood
C.thestrengthoftheirtoxicity
D.theireffectontheenvironment
2.Whatarethelatestspidersintheirevolutionprocess?
A.Spidersthatchasedowninsectsforfood.
B.Spidersthatwaitfortheinsectstocomealong.
C.Spidersthatcanweavewebstocatchflyinginsects.
D.Spidersthatactivelygoouttolookforinsectsasfood.
3.Ifaspiderstaysonthewallofyourhouse,you’dbetter ______.
A.killit
B.feedit
C.letitbe
D.chaseitout
4.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?
A.Abriefintroductionofspiders.
B.Theevolutionprocessofspiders.
C.Livingharmoniouslywithspiders.
D.Thelivingandfeeinghabitsofspiders.
2、 Manypeoplebelievethatyoulosetheabilitytolearnnewlanguagesasyougetolder.Languageexperts,however,willtellyouthatyou’renevertoooldtolearnanewlanguage.Asyougetolder,itcanbemoredifficulttolearnanewlanguage,though.
Childrenandadultslearnnewlanguagesindifferentways.Forchildren,languageistheirlife.Theystudyforthousandsofhourseveryyear.Becausetheyneedtolearnlanguagetobecamepartoftheircommunities.Adults,ontheotherhand,arealreadypartofalanguagecommunity.Learninganewlanguagemeansbecomingpartofanotherlanguagecommunity,andadultsrarelygetthechancetopracticeasmuchasyoungchildrendo.
Moreover.childrenleaninganewlanguageareexpectedtomakemistakes.ThisgivesthemfreedomwhenlearningtobedaringandconfidentAdults,however,oftenfeelpressuredtobeperfectwhenlearninganewlanguage.Thiscandiscouragemanypeopleandmakeitevenhardertolearnanewlanguage.
Whenyoungchildrenlearnanewlanguage,theycometoseevariouslanguagesasa“normal”partofsociety.Thismindset(思维模式)helpsthemembracelearninganewlanguagewithoutfeelinglikethey'redoingsomethingunusualor“toohard”.
Soifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,goforit!
It’snevertoolatetolearnanewlanguage.Ifyou'reolder,itmaytakemorework,butitcanbedone.Ifyou'reayoungchild,though,nowisthetimetostepoutandlearnanewlanguage!
1.By“Languageistheirlife”,theauthormeansthatchildren .
A.can'tlivewithoutlanguage
B.leadahappylifeeveryday
C.practiceanewlanguagealot
D.aretakengoodcareofadults
2.Whatmaymakeithardfortheoldpeopletolearnanewlanguage!
A.Theyareafraidofbeinglaughedat.
B.Theyusuallyhavetoomanyinterests.
C.Theythinkmakingmistakesisnatural.
D.Theyalwaysmakeallkindsofmistakes.
3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlearningnewlanguage?
A.Thebehaviorstheyhave.
B.Thelearningattitudes.
C.Thefutureplanstheyhavemade.
D.Thematerialstheyareusing.
4.Accordingtotheauthor,anewlanguage .
A.canneverbelearnedbytheoldpeople
B.canbegraspedbythepeopleeasily
C.canbeunderstoodonlybytheoldpeople
D.canlearnedbyboththeoldandtheyoung
3、 Kidsandteensareoftendismissiveofpraisefromtheirparents.Iamsurethatparentsouttherecanrelatetothis,asweallhavebeentoldatonetimeoranotherbyoneorseveralofourkids,“Stopit,Mom.’’oreven,“You’rejustsayingthatbecauseyouaremyparentsandyouhavetosaythat. "Icanassureyou,though,thattheyarelistening.Theywillprobablynotthankyouforthispraiseuntiltheyareintheirtwenties,butdon'tletthatstopyoufrompraisingthemduringtheirchildhoodandteenyears.Justbecarefulhowyoupraisethem.Alittlepraisemaygoalongway—especiallyifitistherightkindofpraise.
ItappearsthatthewaytogoistopraisetheireffortsaccordingtoastudybyBrummelman,ofUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsandcolleagues.Theseresearchersconcludedthatkidsshouldbepraisedprimarilyfortheirefforts,ratherthanfortheirpersonalcharacteristics,becauseiftheyarepraisedforeffort,thenapoorperformanceismorelikelytobeseenasaglitch(小故障),ratherthanavalidreflectionofwhotheyareasindividuals.
Let’sthinkaboutthistogether.Ifyouareateenagerorachildofanyageandareconstantlytoldhowbrilliantyouare,thenwhenyoudopoorlyonatestorafewtests,youmayfeellikeyouhavesuddenlylostyourstatusasbrilliantandmaynowfeelashamedthatyouaremerelyaverageorevendumb.Ifyouareagirlwhoisconstantlybeingtoldhowbeautifulyouare,thenonadaywhenyoudon’tlookorfeelsogood,youmaydecidethatyouareunattractive.Thisistheproblemthatdevelopswhenwearepraisingourkidsforglobalpersonalitycharacteristicsthattheycan'talwaysliveupto.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistherightkindofpraise?
A.Youareagreatartist.
B.Youareveryintelligent.
C.Wow,youhaveaspecialgiftformusic.
D.Yourpaintinghasindeedimprovedduetoyourefforts.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Allthechildrenshouldbepraised.
B.There’snoneedtopraisekidsandteens.
C.Praiseshouldbebeyondchildren’sexpectations.
D.Teensoftenpaynoattentiontotheirparents’praise.
3.Theunderlinedword“dumb”inthelastparagraph can bereplaced by_________.
A.stupid
B.unique
C.curious
D.honest
4.Themain topic ofthispassage is_____.
A.whytopraisekidsandteens
B.howtopraisekidsandteens
C.differentwaystopraisekidsandteens
D.theimportanceofpraisingkids
4、 Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksoftheclassicalwriterslikeShakespeareandWordsworthhasagreateffectonthemind,catchesthereader’sattentionandtriggersmomentsofself-examination.
Usingaspecialmachine,theymonitoredthebrainactivityof30volunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandothers.
Inthefirstpartoftheresearch,thebrainactivityof30volunteerswasmonitoredastheyreadpassagesfromShakespeare’splays,includingKingLear,Othello,CoriolanusandMacbeth,andagainastheyreadthetextrewritteninasimplerformormodernlanguage.
Whilereadingthecommontexts,normallevelsofelectricalactivitywereshownintheirbrains.WhentheyreadtheworksofShakespeare,however,thelevelsofactivityjumpedbecauseofhisuseofwordswhichwereunfamiliartothem.Theresultofthetestshowedthatthemorechallengingpassagescauseagreaterdegreeofelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthecommonones.
Scientistswentontostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeachwordandrecordedhowitlitupasthereaderscameacrossunusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencesintheclassicalworks.Asaresult,thislighteningupprocessofthemindlastedlongerthanthatwhenvolunteersreadcommontexts,encouragingfurtherreading.
Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetryespeciallyincreasesactivityintherighthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain,anareaconnectedwith“autobiographicalmemory”,drivingthereaderstothinkcarefullyabouttheirownexperiencesbasedonwhattheyhaveread.Theacademicssaidthismeanttheclassicalworksofliteraturearemoreusefulthanself-helpbooks.
PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessorwhohasworkedonthestudyintheuniversity’smagneticresonancecenter,announcedthisweek:
“Classicalliteratureactslikearocket-boostertothebrain,whichprovidesextrapowerforthebrain.Youmayneverimaginehowpowerfulitis.Theresearchshowssuchkindofliteraturecancreatenewthoughtsandconnectionsintheyoungandtheold.”
1.Theunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“______”.
A.dependson
B.picksup
C.setsoff
D.changesinto
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtru
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