The Application of User Behaviour Analysis.docx
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The Application of User Behaviour Analysis.docx
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TheApplicationofUserBehaviourAnalysis
TheApplicationofUserBehaviourAnalysisinSoymilkMakerDesign
WangZhenya,ZhaoAnning,LiuHua,HaoSong
KeyLaboratoryofHigh-efficiencyandCleanMechanicalManufactureatShandongUniversity,MinistryofEducation,Jinan,Shandong,China
Abstract-Inthecontextofuser-centereddesign,theapplicationofuserbehavioranalysisisscatteredandone-sided.Inthisarticle,theprocessofproductdesignisproposedbasedonuserbehavioranalysis.ThisprocessfocusesontheaccesstodataacquisitionandanalysisthroughacaseofSoymilkMaker.Theuserbehavioranalysisisalsoexpandedfromthefieldofnetworktoproductdesign.Theresultsofthestudyshowthatproductdesignprocessbasedonuserbehavioranalysiscaneffectivelyobtainbothofexplicitneedsandimplicitneeds,ultimately,providinganimportantbasisfortheamendmentandre-enactmentofproductdesigndirection.
Keywords-User-centered,UserBehavior,ProductDesign,BehavioralObservation,SoymilkMaker.
RelevancetoDesignPractice-ThisresearchintroducesthedesignprocessthroughtheexperimentofSoymilkMaker,andoffersatoolforanalyzinguserbehaviorinuser-centereddesign,
Introduction
Accordingtotheuser-centereddesign(UCD)concept(GarretJJ,2002),designshouldbesatisfiedtheneedsofusers,whichalsomeanstheneedsofperception,cognition,operation(e.g.,physicalreactions)andfeelings(e.g.,emotionalexperience)(P.Hekker,2006).Alltheneedsincludenotonlytheexplicitonesdescribedclearly,butalsotheonesusershavenoideaorthepotentialneeds(J.Matthing,D.Sanden,&B.Edvardsson,2004)whichhelptomakeacloseandeffectiveinvestigationtousers(S.Slater&J.Narver,1995;M.Casson,1982).Whenunderstandingwhatusersneed,wemustfirstknowwhotheyareandwhattheyknow.Duringtheprocessofdesign,unlessthereisenoughattentionpaidtousersbehavior,therewon’tbeareal“User-centeredDesign”.Inthispaper,it’sforwardtosolvetheproblembytheapplicationofuserbehaviorinproductdesign.
UserBehaviorAnalysis
Althoughproductsareexpectedtobefunctional,usableandcomfortable,there’realsomanyuser-uncomfortabledesignsproduced.Forthereasonthatdesignershavenotfigureouttrueusers’needsorknowenoughabouttheusers’intendedusingbehavioralcharactersandscenarios.Asuserbehavioranalysisisoneofthemostimportantfactorfordesigningprocess.
Users’behavioralwaysaimedtohowusersinteractwithproductandhowtheyactintheinteractionswithothersandinthesocialenvironments.UserBehaviorAnalysisdedicatedtothecollectionofnecessaryinformationtocomeoutofthebehavioralpatternsandmentalpatterns,basedontheinteractiveexperienceoftheuser'sownusingofproduct.Generally,fromtheviewofuserbehavior,theanalysismethodshouldincludeuserpreferences,operatingandhabits.Thus,itcangetmorevaluabledatatohaveadeeperunderstandingaboutuserneedsandprovidebasisforamendingorre-enactingthedirectionofproductdesign(D.H.Jonassen,1997).
StudyoftheField
UserExperienceistheperformanceandactingoftheproductsinrealworld."Usability"isoneoftheattributesofuserexperience,buttheonlything.Fromdifferentangles,manypeoplehavedefinedUserExperience.AccordingtoJamesGarrett,userexperienceincludestheexperienceofbrandcharacteristics,informationavailability,functionalityandcontentfeatures(J.J.Garrett,2003).Normanhasexpandedthescopeuserexperiencetoallaspectsoftheinteractionbetweenuserandproducts(D.A.Norman,1999).In2003,itispointedthattheexperienceofrealworldaffectuserperformanceofvirtualenvironment(V.N.Dam,V.Evers&A.Florann,2003).However,Kuniavsky(M.Kuniavsky,2003)hasfounditdifficulttogetanaccuratedefinitionforuserexperience,forthereasonthatuserneedsmustbecontinuouslyinteractedwithotherpeopleandtheenvironment.
Specifically,itisdivideduserexperienceintothreelevels,accordingtothedepthofexperience(J.Forlizzi&S.Fond,2000).Thefirstlevelreferstothecontinuousinformationflowingtothecrowd,anduserscanconfirmtheoccurrenceofexperiencethroughself-perception,whichisjustakindofsubconsciousexperience;Thesecondlayerreferstothesatisfactorythingwithspecialissues(J.Dewey,1980).Thisisthecompletionofexperienceprocess.Ittakesthespecificenvironmentintoaccountinthethirdlevel,anditcanhelpusersandthedesignerstosharetheirfindings(J.Forlizzi&S.Fond,2000).Theclassificationofusabilityalsoexplicitsmuchinformationaboutuserexperience.Itisensuredproductseasytolearnandeffectivetouse(A.Dix,J.Finlay,G.Abowd,&R.Beale,1998).Specifically,theusabilitycanbesubdividedintothefollowingobjectives:
effectiveness,availability,security,versatility,learnabilityandeasytoremember.
InthestudyofErik,theframeworkofUserModeincludesthreelevels,DataLayer,IntroductionLayer,andUsingDetailLayer.Fromtheviewofthesizeofinformation,theDataLayerisequivalenttoasupportinglayerattheverybottomoftheframework,whichhasthelargestamountofinformation,aswellasIntroductionLayerhastheleast.Specifically,datalayermainlyconsistsoffourparts,persona,demography,usingconditionandethnographicdata.IntroductionLayerisestablishedonthebasisofDataLayer,providingexplanationsandintroductionfortheothertwolayers.Itincludesstoryboard,contextdiagram,conceptdiagramandUELZ(userexperiencelandingzone).UsingDetailLayeristhecorepartofUserMode,whichconsistsofusercases,scenario,usertaskflowandoperationalprofile(ErikSimmons,2006).BymeansoftheframeworkofUserMode,user-centereddesigncouldobtainaclearobservationandevaluation.Ontheotherhand,afollow-upstudycanbecarriedouttogetabetterunderstandingofuserneeds.
Withthemethodofuser-centereddesignbecomesincreasinglyimportantindesignprocess,designersneedacompletetoolkitofrepresentationforusersanduserbehaviors,therefore,inmanystudies,moreandmoreresearchinvolvedintheUserMode.Theinitialusermodeisconsideredtobecarriedoutinthewholeusingprocessthroughoutthescenarios.Inrecentyears,anewdefinitionandframeworkofusermodeareposedbasedonuser-centereddesignandproductdevelopment.InthestudyofErikSimmons(ErikSimmons,2005),hehasdefinedusermodeasauser-friendlysystemtodescribetherelationshipbetweenusersandproducts.
Approach
TheusualmethodofuserresearchmethodincludeFocusGroups,In-DepthInterviews,CulturalprobesandSurveys,andit’scarriedoutthecombinationofobservationsandinterviewsinthispaper.Behavioralobservationsmadebyhumanobserversusingcategoricalcode.Officialcodingschemerequirestobeeasytouse,andoffersanaccuratereactiontoproblem.Thebehaviorclassificationshouldbeintegrate,clearandnon-overlap.Bothtoofineandtooroughmayincreasethethedifficultyoftheobservation,aswellasreduceinter-observerconsistency(M.L.Lanza,J.Anderson,&H.Satz,1998).Observersandcategoricaldataentailparticularapproachtoknowfurtheraboutuserrequirement(R.Bakeman,2000).Theresultscanbeusedforquantitativeanalysisandcomparativestudiestoextractthepotentialdemand.Theinterviewmethodismainlyusedforgettingtheuser'sexplicitdemand.
Currently,there’retwomethodforuserexperienceevaluation,qualitativemethodsandquantitativemethods.InthestudyofMahlke,itpointedthatuserexperienceevaluationmethodsshouldbeintegratedwithcognitiveandemotionalfactor(S.Mahlke,2002).Cognitivefactorsconsistsoftechnicalonesandnon-technicalonesofhuman-computerinteraction.Technicalfactorsreferstosystemusability,accessibilityandsoon,asnon-technicalfactorsmeanenjoyment,visualityandcontent’sattraction(M.Hassenzhi,2001).
Non-technicalcharacteristicscanbedistinguishedfromtheemotionalaspectsoftheuser'sexperience(M.Hassenzahi,2005).InMahlke’s(2007)study,ithasreferredthatemotionalfactorsconsistofthedirectandtheindirectreaction,whichincludesmorecomplexemotiongeneratedbytheevaluationprocessontheotherhand(S.Mahlke&G.Lindgaard,2007).
Inthispaper,itisdesignatedthetypicaluserandtypicalproductstoperformtypicaloperationintheparticularoccasionandspecifictime,recordingandanalyzinguserbehaviors.Whereinwecanputforwardimprovedsuggestionstomodifydesigndirection,linkedtotheknowledgeofuser’subjectivefeelingsbyinterviewsandquestionnaires,andfinallycanobtainthedesignscheme.Thismethodcanbeusedtoexcavateusers’explicitneedsandimplicitneedsinmulti-angle.
Experiment
Background
ItisdiscussedtheapplicationofuserbehavioranalysisinproductdesignthoughthecaseofSoymilkMaker.Inthefieldofkitchenappliances,SoymilkMakerhasahighervalueofresearch.Sinceithasabroadmarketinurbanhouseholds,withthecontinuousimprovementoftheoveralltechnicallevel.Ontheotherhand,SoymilkMakerhastypicalcharacteristicsofkitchenappliances,suchasthelargerusergroups,thesmallervolumes,thepreferredinteractionsandsoon.Now,usershaveunsatisfiedwiththefunctionsuperposition,thenhuman-computerinteraction,whatisso-calledphysio-pleasure(P.Jodan,2000),becomesmoreandmoreimportant.UserneedsofSoymilkMakeralsoreflectgeneralneedsofkitchenappliances.ThetypicalityandspecificityofSoymilkMakerdeterminesthattheresearchexperiencecaneffectivelyextendtotheresearchofkitchenappliancesandotherproduc
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