高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练必修5.docx

高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练必修5.docx

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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练必修5

核心词汇梳理并重点训练

必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

conclude,defeat,expose,cure,blame,contribute,putforward,apartfrom,makesense,everytime

1.concludevt.&vi.断定；使结束；达成，缔结

sth（fromsth）

conclude推断出，断定

（fromsth）that…

withsth

concludesth以…结束

bydoingsth

concludesthwithsb就某事与某人达成协议

conclusionn.结束，结论

inconclusion最后，总之

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论

cometotheconclusionthat…所得结论是…

eg:

Thesearefacts;whatdoyouconcludefromthem?

Letmeconcludemyspeechwithasaying:

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成

BritainconcludedatradeagreementwithChina.

Icametotheconclusionthathewaslying.

2.defeatvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败

辨析defeat/beat/win：

这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。

defeat和beat都可接sb作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如ateam，aclass，aschool，anarmy等。

另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。

win后接sth，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb时表示“争取某人”。

eg:

ZhangYiningdefeatedLiJiaweiwithdifficultyinthe29thOlympics.

TheproblemhasdefeatedmeandIcan’tsolveit.

Thepartyfacesdefeatintheelection.

3.exposevt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临

exposesth/sb/oneself（to…）显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己

exposedadj.（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的

beexposedto暴露于…

eg:

Don’texposeyourbabytothesun.

Theliquidisnottobeexposedtoair,foritwillsoonevaporate.

Thefilmhasbeenexposed.

Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.

4.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗

acureforsth治疗…的方法

curesbof+疾病名称治愈某人的疾病

curesbof+不良行为矫正某人的不良行为

与curesbofsth结构类似的短语还有：

remindsbofsth使某人想起某事

suspectsbofsth怀疑某人（做）某事

robsbofsth抢了某人某物

informsbofsth通知某人某事

warnsbofsth警告某人某事

accusesbofsth控告某人某事

eg:

Thereisnocureforthecommoncoldatpresent.

Canyoucuremeofmycold?

Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.

辨析treat/cure：

treat表示治疗过程，不表示结果。

cure强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”，常与of连用。

5.blamevt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于

n.过失；责备

blamesbforsth因某事而责备某人

blamesthonsb把某事怪到某人头上

betoblame应受责备

get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor…对…负责

lay/puttheblameforsthonsb把某事归咎于某人身上

eg:

Sheblamedhimforthefailureoftheirmarriage.

Don’tgotryingtoblameitonme!

Ifanyoneistoblame,it’sme.

Shetooktheblameonherself.

6.contributevt.&vi.捐款；贡献；捐助

contribute…to…把…贡献给…

contributeto…导致…；向…投稿；有助于…

contributionn.贡献；捐款；稿件

makeacontributionto…对…作出贡献

eg:

AllthepeopleinourschoolcontributedsomethingtothedisasterinSichuan.

Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.

Shecontributesregularlytoaphysicsjournal.

7.putforward提出，建议；推荐；将…提前

putaside节省，储蓄，储存

putaway放好，积蓄

putback放回，拨回

putdown记下，镇压

putin放入，加进

putoff延期，推迟

puton穿上，演出

putout熄灭，扑灭

putthrough接通电话

putup举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造

eg:

Sheputforwardsomegoodproposalsforeducationalreform.

Hernamewasputforwardasthebestforthejob.

Puttheclockforwardby5minutes.

8.apartfrom除…之外；此外

除…之外（都）（=except/exceptfor）

除…之外（还）；此外（=besides）

与apart相关的词组：

take…apart将…拆开

tellAandBapart分辨出A与B

eg:

Thisessayisgoodapartfromacoupleofspellingmistakes.

Apartfromtheoccasionalvisit,whatdoesAlandoforhiskids?

IoftentooksomeoldtoycarsapartwhenIwasachild.

9.makesense

makesenseof理解，明白

makenosense没道理，没意义

thereisnosenseindoingsth做…没道理

inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说

innosense决不

eg:

Canyoumakeanysenseofthearticleatall?

Itmakesgoodsensetogrowfruittreesonthehillside.

Inasense,learningthelawislikelearningalanguage.

Innosensecantheissuebesaidtoberesolved.

10.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.

everytime引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当…”

名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：

everytime,eachtime,anytime,thelasttime,nexttime,thefirsttime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,thehour,theday等。

引导状语从句的副词有：

directly,instantly,immediately等。

eg:

EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepainsinmyback.

ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltverynervous.

Sheletoutacrythemomentshesawthesnake.

Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.

练习：

1.Oncethepricehadbeenagreed,adeal.

（很快就达成协议）。

2.ThePrimeMinisterbysayingthathewassatisfiedwithhisvisitinChina.

A.concludedB.conducted

C.convincedD.converted

3.Evidenceobtainedfromobservationandexperimentisoftenusedtoascientifictheory.

A.confirmB.concludeC.consultD.confuse

用defeat,beat与win的适当形式填空

4.Heallhisopponentsintheelection.

5.Marythefirstprizeforswimming.

6.ThemoreoneistheEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.

A.exposedtoB.filledin

C.caughtonD.keptup

7.Theyhavediscoveredanewforthedisease.

A.treatmentB.cureC.wayD.method

8.Thecarelessdriverisforthetrafficaccidentthatyesterday.

A.toblame;happenedB.toblame;washappening

C.tobeblamed;washappened

D.tobeblamed;happed

9.I’msureyoursuggestionwillsolvingtheproblem.

A.contributeB.devoteto

C.leadtoD.attributeto

10.TheStateCouncilhasaneweconomicpolicyonthebenefitsofthefarmers.

A.putupB.putforward

C.putoffD.putout

11.hisnose,he’squitegood-looking.

A.BesidesB.Apartfrom

C.ExceptthatD.Nowthat

12.Itdoesn’tmaketobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.

A.senseB.opinionC.useD.difference

13.Don’tstopyoumeetwithawordyoudon’tunderstand.

A.atthetimeB.eachtime

C.bythetimeD.sometimes

14.youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.

A.AttimesB.Sometime

C.EverytimeD.Thetime

Unit2TheUnitedKingdom

convenience,attract,arrange,delight,thrill,consistof,leaveout,breakdown,do/does/did+动词原形

1.conveniencen.便利；便利的事物或设施

forconvenience为了方便起见

atone’sconvenience在…方便的时候

convenientadj.方便的，便利的

beconvenientfor对…是方便的

eg:

Pleasesendmeanansweratyourconvenience.

Isthiseveningconvenientforyoutogoout?

Weboughtthishouseforconvenience;it’sneartheschool.

注：

convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。

convenient不和“ofsb+不定式”连用，但可与“forsb+不定式”连用。

作表语时后接不定式的主动形式。

2.attractvt.吸引；引起注意

attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意

attractsbto…把某人吸引到…

attractionn.

havean/no/alittle/muchattractionforsb

对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力

attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引起兴趣的

eg:

Thestoryhasattractedalotofinterestinthemedia.

Whatattractedmemosttothejobwasthechancetotravel.

Thetelevisionhaslittleattractionforme.

3.arrangev.筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列

arrangesth整理，排列；安排，筹备

arrangetodosth安排做某事

arrangesthforsb为某人安排某事

arrangeforsbtodosth安排某人做某事

arrange（withsb）todosth（与某人）约定干某事

arrangethat…商定…；安排…

arrangementn.安排，筹备

makearrangementsfor安排好

eg:

I’vearrangedforthewindowcleanertocomeonThursday.

HaveyouarrangedtomeetMarkthisweekend?

ThelocalnewspapermadearrangementsforaninterviewwithProfessorStein.

注：

表示“安排某人做某事”用arrangeforsbtodosth，而不用arrangesbtodosth。

makearrangements（forsth/forsbtodosth）中的arrangement常用复数形式。

4.delightn.快乐，高兴，喜悦

vt.&vi.（使）高兴，（使）欣喜

delightin（doing）sth以某事为乐（尤指不该做的事）

toone’sdelight令某人高兴的是

take/find/havedelightin喜好；以…为乐

with/indelight高兴地

It’sadelighttodosth做某事是令人愉快的

delightedadj.高兴的，快乐的

bedelightedat为…而高兴

bedelightedtodosth/that

delightfuladj.令人快乐的

eg:

Chrisdelightsinteasinghissister.

Muchtoourdelight,everythinggoeswell.

Thanksfortheinvitation.I’dbedelightedtocome.

Mybrotherisadelightfulyoungman.

5.thrillvt.使激动；使胆战心惊

n.兴奋；紧张

givesbathrilltodosth/ofdoingsth

做某事让某人感到激动

thrilledadj.兴奋的；激动的

bethrilledat/about/withsth对…感到兴奋

thrillingadj.令人感到兴奋的

eg:

Thefilmthrilledtheaudience.

ItwasarealthrilltomeetYaoMing.

Hewasthrilledatthesightofher.

IhadathrillingexperienceonthelakelastSunday.

6.consistof由…组成

consistof一般不用于进行时和被动语态

consistin（=liein）在于，存在于

consistentadj.相容的，一致的

beconsistentwith…和…一致；相符

bemadeupof

由……组成

becomposedof

makeup组成

eg:

Theworldconsistsofsevencontinents.

Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.

Weshoulddothis:

whatwesayisconsistentwithwhatwedo.言行一致

7.leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑

leavealone不管，让…独自呆着；不打扰

leaveaside搁置

leavebehind忘带，留下

leavefor动身到（某处）

leaveoff停止，中断

eg:

Youcanleaveoutthedetails,justgiveusthemainfacts.

I’vetoldyoubefore—leavemythingsalone!

Thelightsofthecityweresoonleftbehind.

Heleftoffplayingthepianotoanswerthetelephone.

8.breakdown（机器）出故障；破坏；（计划、谈判）失败；（化学）分解；（身体）垮掉

breakin破门而入；打断

breakinto闯入；突然…起来（后接tears，laughter等）

breakout（战争）爆发；（火灾）发生

breakoff折断；突然停止讲话；休息；结束

breakthrough突围；突破；冲垮；克服

breakup拆开，结束；解散

breakaway（from）挣脱；脱离

eg:

Theelevatorsinthebuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.

Peacetalkshavebrokendownoverthequestionofreparations.

Shebrokeawayfromhimandrantothewindow.

9.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas（eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations）,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.

“do/does/did+动词原形”用于肯定陈述句中，加强语气。

eg:

Docomethisevening.

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.

Tomdoesstudyhardnow.

注：

这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时。

只对肯定句的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。

do/does/did在句中要重读。

在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时也表达更加客气的语气。

练习：

1.Iwillcometopayavisittoyouifthisweekend.

A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyou

C.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou

2.ThefilmnamedCrazyStonehasalotofforyoungpeople.

A.attractionsB.attractionC.interestD.attack

3.Ourheadmasterformetoshowthevisitor