大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.docx

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.docx

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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

（二）

六

　　Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.

　　Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposed推想，料想tobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

　　Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithwecannotremovestressfromourlives（itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould）,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

　　arefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_____.

　　donotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

　　donotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

　　aretravellingfastallthetime

　　arebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

　　tothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis________.

　　fearingstress

　　theartofrelaxation

　　senseofresponsibility

　　controloverperformance

　　ofthefollwingstatementsisture

　　canfindsomewaystoavoidstress

　　isalwaysharmfultopeople

　　iseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

　　peoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress

　　Paragraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto_______.

　　a."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'"

　　b."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"

　　c."respondingtocrisesquickly"

　　d."losingheartatthesignsdifficulties"

　　thelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto______.

　　a."exposeourselvestostress"

　　b."findwaystodealwithstress"

　　c."removestressfromourlives"

　　d."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"

　　答案：

dadbc

七

　　Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleinthe.epual.Someofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.

　　Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan"archology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

　　didsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofscoietyduringthe1960s

　　werenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

　　wantedtogrowmarijuana.

　　wantedtogototheVietnamWar.

　　didnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

　　didthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive

　　dome-shapedhouse

　　oldschoolhuses

　　afarminTennessee

　　anarchologyinArizona

　　gavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-shapedhouse

　　Soleri

　　　　Gaskin

　　Fuller

　　wastheTwinOakscommunebaseon

　　philosophyof"doyourownthing"

　　inthelate1960s

　　ideasofpsychologist

　　beliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.

　　isan"archology"

　　personwhostudiesarchaeology

　　largebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether

　　cityinArizona

　　techniquetocontorlpeople

　　答案：

abdcb

八

　　Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

　　Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedenviromentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibentesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark's.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

　　selectioncanbestbetitled_________.

　　YourIntelligence

　　andEnvironment

　　CaseofPeterandMark

　　thebrainInfluencesIntelligence

　　beststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_____.

　　brainsdifferconsiderably

　　brainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligence

　　iscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence

　　d.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

　　tothepassage,theaverage_____.

　　casehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.

　　withidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

　　individual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenviroment

　　ofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

　　ofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

　　passagesuggeststhatanindividual's　　bepredictedatbirth

　　thesamethrouthouthislife

　　beincreasedbyeducation

　　determinedbyhischildhood

　　答案：

bcbcc

九

　　Asshewalkedroundthehugedepartmentstore,EdithreflectedhowdifficultitwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherwishthathewasaseasytopleaseashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume

　　Besides,shoppongatthistimeoftheyearwasamostdisgreeableexperience:

peopletrodonyourtoes,pokedyouwiththeirelbowsandalmostknockedyouoverintheirhastetogettoabargainaheadofyou.

　　Partlytohavearest,Edithpausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattracivetieswereondisplay."Theyarerealsilk,"theassistantassuredher,tryingtotempther."Worthdoubletheprice."Buteditknewfrompastexperiencethatherchoiceoftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.

　　Shemovedonreluctantlyandthenquitebychance,stoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmanhadgatheredroundacounter.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipesonsale-----andthepriceswereveryreasonable.Edithdidnothesitateforlong:

althoughherfatheronlysmokedapipeoccasionally,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasbundtopleasehim.

　　Whenshegothome,withhersmallwell-chosenpresentconcealedinherhandbag,herparentswerealreadyatthesuppertable.Hermotherwasinanespeciallycheerfulmood,"Yourfatherhasatlasttodecidedtostopsmoking."Sheinformedherdaughter.

　　'sfather_______.

　　notlikepresent

　　gotpresent

　　ties

　　difficulttochooseapresentfor

　　assistantspoketoEdithbecausesheseemed_______.

　　inties

　　needofcomfort

　　stoppedatthenextcounter_________.

　　'sfathersmokedapipe_______.

　　hewasobliged

　　socialoccasions

　　timetotime

　　hewasdelighted

　　wasverydisagreeableatthattimeoftheyearbecause_______.

　　trodoneachother'stoes

　　pokedeachotherwiththeirelbows

　　knockedeachother

　　weredoingtheirshoppinginagreathurry

答案：

dbdcdResearchbytheUniversityofExeter1hasrevealedthatantshaveabigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiractivityas"ecosystemengineers"andpredators（食肉动物）.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistinct（显著的）effectsontheirlocalenvironment.

　　Firstly,thr