最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案.docx

最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案.docx

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最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

2018年考研英语

（二）试题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?

Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstested.Student’swillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified,anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8subsequentexperimentsreproduced,thiseffectwithotherstimuli9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto_10_isdeeplyrootedinhumans.Muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoCuriosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan_12_NewScientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire,theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo_14_thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however,inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.”Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays“inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments”.

1.[A]Protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore

2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek

3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise

4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose

5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept

6．[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver

7．[A]when[B]if[C]though[D]unless

8．[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change

9．[A]ratherthan[B]regardlessof[C]suchas[D]owingto

10．[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree

11．[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food

12．[A]leadto[B]reston[C]learnfrom[D]beginwith

13．[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence

14．[A]self-reliant[B]self-destructive[C]self-evident[D]self-deceptive

15．[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace

16．[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal

17．[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend

18．[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome

19．[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how

20．[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitations

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:

That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneed.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterschoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.

[A]practicalability

[B]academictraining

[C]pioneeringspirit

[D]mechanicalmemorization

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

[A]haveastereotypedmind

[B]havenocareermotivation

[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful

[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities

[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall.

[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.

[A]supportive

[B]tolerant

[C]disappointed

[D]cautious

Text2

Whilefossilfuels—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion“Whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?

”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.

Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword“plummeting”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]stabilizing

[B]changing

[C]falling

[D]rising

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

[A]isprogressingnotably

[B]isasextensiveasinEurope

[C]facesmanychallenges

[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource

[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6？

[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.

[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillr