理工类B级解析版.docx
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理工类B级解析版.docx
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理工类B级解析版
2014年职称英语等级考试仿真模拟试题
理工类-B级
第一部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.PhilipRothwashailedasamajornewauthorin1960.
A)published
B)challenged
C)acclaimed
D)guided
2.IllinoishasproducedwriterssuchasCarlSandburg,gangsterssuchasAlCapone,andarchitectssuchasLouisSullivan.
A)violentcriminal
B)politician
C)musician
D)industrialist
3.Itispostulatedthatpopulationtrendshaveaneffectoneconomicfluctuations.
A)challenged
B)assumed
C)deducted
D)decreed
4.Thiskindofanimalsareonthevergeofextinction,becauseofsomanyarebeingkilledfortheirfur.
A)dryingup
B)dyingout
C)beingexported
D)beingtransplanted
5.Thetraincametoanabruptstop,makinguswonderwherewewere.
A)slow
B)noisy
C)sudden
D)jumpy
6.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,allimportantresourcesintheU.S.wereallocatedbythefederalgovernment.
A)nationalized
B)commandeered
C)taxed
D)distributed
7.Thelittleboywassofascinatedbythemightyriverthathewouldspendhourssittingonitsbankandgazingatthepassingboatsandrafts.
A)verystrong
B)verylong
C)verygreat
D)veryfast
8.ThestoriesofSarahOrneJewettareconsideredbymanytobemoreauthenticallyregionalthanthoseofBretHarte.
A)elegantly
B)genuinely
C)intentionally
D)thoroughly
9.ThenumberoftheUnitedStatescitizenswhoareeligibletovotecontinuestoincrease.
A)encouraged
B)enforced
C)expected
D)entitled
10.Intheirproductions,choreographersofmoderndancehaveintroducedhumor,protestedsocialinjustice,andprobedpsychologicalproblems.
A)solved
B)explored
C)involved
D)disputed
11.Theuseofthechemicalmaypresentacertainhazardtothelaboratoryworkers.
A)protection
B)indication
C)immunity
D)danger
12.Thechildrentrembledwithfearwhentheysawthepoliceman
A)wept
B)cried
C)ran
D)shook
13.Manyeconomistsgivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A)error
B)function
C)attraction
D)miracle
14.Wehavegottoabidebytherules.
A)stickto
B)persistin
C)safeguard
D)apply
15.Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.
A)extends
B)stretches
C)broadens
D)traverses
第二部分:
阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分)
阅读下面的短文,短文后面列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断,如果该句提供的是正确信息,就选A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,就选B;如果该句提供的信息文章中没有提及,就选C.
WhatIsaDream?
Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.
Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.
TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionsofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.
TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.
Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.
Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.
Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreaamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodemandtraditionalones.
Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?
Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:
Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It'simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.
练习:
16.Noteveryoneagreesthatdreamsaremeaningful.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
17.AccordingtoFreud,peopledreamaboutthingsthattheycannottalkabout.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
18.Jungbelievedthatdreamsdidnothelponetounderstandoneself.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
19.Inthepast,peoplebelievedthatdreamsinvolvedemotions.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
20.AccordingtoDornhoff,babiesdonothavethesameabilitytodreamasadultsdo.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
21.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
22.Scientistsagreethatdreamspredictthefuture.
A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned
第三部分:
概括大意完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面的短文,每篇短文后有两项测试任务:
(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题:
(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。
ScreenTest
1.EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurvey(调查)publishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial(有争议的),partlybecausetheradiation(辐射)bringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissue(组织)isdenser.
3. ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversity1ofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
4.ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.
5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.
6.Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimizethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.
7. “Thereisatrade-off(平衡)betweenthediagnostic(诊断的,判断的)benefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrent(目前的)data,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogramme.”
A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
B.Investigating(调查)theEffectofScreening
C.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
D.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
E.TreatmentofCancers
F.FactorsThatTriggerCancers
练习:
23.Paragraph2_____
24.Paragraph3_____
25.Paragraph4_____
26.Paragraph5_____
A.becostly
B.harmful
C.savealife
D.stillopentodebate(争论)
E.reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer
F.reducedtotheminimum
27.Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay________.
28.Advantages ofscreeningwomenunder50are_______.
29.Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay________.
30.Radiationexposureshouldbe________.
第四部分:
阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)
阅读下面的短文,每篇短文的后面有五个问题,每个问题有四个备选答案。
请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。
第一篇DigitalRealm
Inthedigitalrealm,thenextbigadvancewillbevoicerecognition.Therudimentsarealreadyherebutinprimitiveform.Askacomputerto“recognizespeech,”anditislikelytothinkyouwantitto“wreckanicebeach.”Butinadecadeorsowe’llbeabletochatawayandmachineswillsoakitallin.Microchipswillbetrulyembeddedinourliveswhenwecantalktothem.Notonlytoourcomputers;we’llalsoabletochatourautomobilenavigationsystems,telephoneconsoles,browsers,thermostats,VCRs,microwavesandanyotherdeviceswewanttobossaround.
Thatwillopenthewaytothenextphaseofthedigitalage:
artificialintelligence.Byourprovidingsomanythoughtsandprefer
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