英语四级 汉译英常用分类词汇中国文化.docx

英语四级 汉译英常用分类词汇中国文化.docx

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英语四级汉译英常用分类词汇中国文化

汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化

概述generalterms

集体主义                collectivism

爱国主义精神            patriotism

诚实守信                honesty

公民道德建设实施纲要    TheProgramforImprovingCivicMorality

弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化  highlightthecentralthemeofthetimeswhileencouragingdiversity

全民健身运动            nationwidefitnesscampaign

社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育educationinsocialandprofessionalethicsandfamilyvirtues

为人民服务              servingthepeople

深入群众，深入生活      godeepamongthemassesandintothethickoflife

奉献无愧于时代的作品    contributetothepeopleworksworthyofthetimes

中华文明博大精深，源远流长。

TheChinesecivilizationisextensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory.

重要文化遗产            majorculturalheritage

优秀民间艺术            outstandingfolkarts

自立于世界民族之林      standproudlyinthefamilyofnations

一、传统节日风俗文化

三节（中国的三天传统节日：

端午节、中秋节和春节）

thethreeChinesetraditionalfestivals—Dragon-BoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestivalandSpringFestival

1.春节                    SpringFestival/ChineseNewYear

大扫除                  year-endhouseholdcleaning

扎花灯焰火makeornamentallanternsandfireworks

烧纸钱burnpapercoins/burnpapermoney

烧香burnincensesinacenser

除夕                    NewYear’sEve

春联                    SpringFestivalcouplets（conveyingbestwishesfortheyear）

年画                    

年夜饭                  familyreuniondinneronLunarNewYear’sEve

压岁钱                  New-YearMoney/

moneygiventochildrenasaLunarNewYeargift

爆竹                    firecracker

鞭炮                    astringofsmallfirecrackers

辞旧迎新                bidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew;ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew

饺子                    dumplings（withmeatandvegetablestuffing）

拜年                    payingaNewYearcall

贺年片                  NewYearfilm

恭喜发财               Mayyoubeprosperous!

/Wishyouallthebest!

2.元宵节                  LanternFestival

元宵                    sweetrice-flourdumplings（eatenontheLanternFestival）

庙会                    templefair

观灯                    viewingthelanterns

灯谜                    lanternriddles

龙灯舞                  dragonlanterndance

狮子舞                  liondance

秧歌舞                  yanggedance

植树节                Tree-plantingDay

3.清明节     Tomb-sweepingFestival/Tomb-sweepingDay/Ch’ingMingFestival

扫墓                    payingrespecttothedead

《清明上河图》ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival

4.端午节              DragonBoatFestivalDuanwuFestival

赛龙舟dragon-boatrace

粽子                    zongji/glutinousricewrappedinapyramidshapedumplinginreedleaves

5.七夕节Double-seventhFestival

6.中秋节                  Mid-autumnFestival

赏月                    enjoyingthefullmoon

月饼                    mooncake

团圆beunited

7.重阳节                  Double-ninthFestival

登高                    hillclimbing

饮酒winedrinking

赏菊                    enjoyingchrysanthemum

吃糕eatingcakes（糕与“高”谐音）

国庆节NationalDay

8.冬至thewintersolstice冬至饭wintersolsticedinner

9.立春theBeginningofSpring/earlyspring

10.秋老虎autumntiger

11.芒种节FestivalofGraininEar

12.春分RainBegins

13.白露WhiteDew

14.霜降FrostFalls

15.小雪SlightSnow

放风筝图的是这一乐，所以说放晦气。

Kite-flyingisjustforfun,that’swhywecallit‘sendingoffbadluck’”.

办消寒会：

holdacold-dispellingparty

二、饮食文化food/cuisineculture

烹饪culinaryarts

美食节                   gourmetfestival

中餐烹饪                 Chinesecuisine

色，香，味俱全        perfectcombinationofcolor,aroma,tasteandappearance

八大菜系eightschoolsofcuisine

四大菜系：

山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜

fourmajorChinesecuisines:

Shandongcuisine,Sichuancuisine,CantoncuisineandYangzhoucuisine

南淡北咸，东甜西辣       thelightsoutherncuisine,andthesaltynortherncuisine;the

sweeteasterncuisine,andthespicywesterncuisine

八宝菜        eight-treasurepickles（assortedwalnutmeats,asparagus,lettuce,almonds,cucumberandpeanuts,etc.pickledinsoysauce）

八宝饭          eight-treasurericepudding（glutinousricesteamedwithpreservedfruits,sweetenedbeanpaste,lotusseeds,longan,etc.）

白斩鸡           tenderboiledchicken（madebyboilingawholechickeninwaterand

cuttingintocubes,thendippingintoseasonings）

臭豆腐            strong-smellingpreservedbeancurb

粉蒸肉             porksteamedwithriceflour

狗不理包子Goubulisteamedbuns

油条deep-frieddoughsticks

风味小吃               localdelicacy

腐竹                     rollsofdriedbeanmilkcream

冷盘                     horsd’oeuvres

萨其马                   Manchucandiedfrittercutinsquares

刀切，火候CuttingandSlicingTechniques,HeatControl

切片                     slicing切条 cuttingtostrips

切丝                     shredding切柳  filleting

切丁                     dicing切碎  mincing

磨碎                     grinding

大/旺/武火             strongheat

中火                     mediumheat

小/微/文火             gentleheat

烹饪方法cookingtechniques

煎                       pan-frying炒 stir-frying

爆                       quick-frying炸 deep-frying

烩                       stewing熏 smoking

煨                       simmering煮 boiling

烘                       baking烤 roasting

蒸                       steaming

红烧                     braising（withsoysauce）

涮羊肉                hot-potmutton dip-boiledmuttonslices

羊肉串小摊         muttonbarbecuestall

三、茶文化teaculture

禅宗ZenBuddhism日本茶道Japaneseteaceremony

茶馆tea-house看茶/献茶servetea沏茶brewtea

一碗茶abowloftea一杯茶acupoftea

茶具teaset茶锅kettle茶盘tea-tray

宜兴紫砂壶boccaroteapot

绿茶greentea

红茶redtea

乌龙茶oolongtea

黑茶darktea

碧螺春Biluochun

黄山毛峰HuangshanMaofeng

六安瓜片Liu’anGuapian

安徽祁门红茶QimenBlackTeaofAnhui

云南滇红茶DianBlackTeaofYunnan

云南普洱茶Pu’erTeaofYunnan

菊花茶chrysanthemumtea

茉莉花茶jasminetea

浓浓的姜茶stronggingertea

龙井茶Longjingtea

女儿茶neurtea

蜜饯茶sweetenedtea

贡茶choicetea

四、酒文化wineculture

杜康酒theDukangLiquor

绍兴酒Shaoxingwine

烧酒hotspirits

橘酒orangewine

冷酒coldwine暖酒warmwine

发压岁钱distributionofNew-Yearmoney

合欢宴familyreunionfeast

屠苏酒New-YearWine

合欢汤happy-reunionsoup

吉祥果luckyfruits

如意糕wish-fullfilmentcakes

行酒令playadrinkinggame划拳playafinger-guessinggame

射覆playconundrums（谜）

摆酒接风arrangeafeastofwelcome/prepareafeastforsb.’shome-coming

水酒掸尘preparesomewaterywinebywayofwelcome

治酒饯行prepareafarewellfeast

举酒送行offersb.winetoseesb.off

奠酒pouralibation

五、服饰文化cultureofcostumesandornaments

女子传统服装traditionalclothesforwomen（ladies）

旗袍cheong-sam唐装Chinese-stylecostumes立领astand-upcollar

裙子skirt

紫色绣花绵裙pinkembroideredsilkskirt

髻/冕tiara珠宝髻tiara（set）withjewelsandpears

垂饰pendant耳环earpendants/earrings

饰物habiliments碧玉红带redbeltwithgreenjade

簪/钗pin赤金匾簪aflatgoldpin

串珠/项链necklace

手镯bracelets

戒指fingerring订婚戒指engagementring结婚戒指weddingring

黄袍goldenrobe蟒袍serpent-embroideredrobe

长袍longgown马褂mandarinjacket

盘领roundnecks窄袖narrowsleeves坎肩shorttunic

中国不动地域和不同民族的服饰也各有特色。

ThefeatureofChineseclothingvarieswithareasandnationalities.

肚兜bellyband

头饰headwears

缠头decoratebrocaderoundthehead

绣花帽acapwithembroider

披风manteau裤子trousers

红地毯redrug

高跟鞋high-heelshoes

绣花拖鞋embroideredslippers靴子boots

宝玉穿着大红袄儿、白绫裙子。

Baoyuiswearingaredtunicandawhitesilkskirt.

好几个丫头都擦脂抹粉，簪花插柳。

Afewmaidsarepowderedandrougedwithflowersorwillowshootsintheirair.

六、艺术美学artsandaesthetics

1.戏曲文化cultureoftheatricalperformance

戏剧表演theatricalperformances

京剧脸谱　　　　　PekingOperamask

生　　　　　　　　malecharacters

旦　　　　　　　　femalecharacters

净　　　　　　　　“paintedface”character（role）

末　　　　　　　　middle-agedmalecharacters

丑　　　　　　　　clown

红脸redface

黑脸blackface

白脸whiteface

京剧票友　　　　　amateurperformerofPekingOpera

昆曲Kunquopera

绍兴戏Shaohsingopera

川剧SichuanOpera

《白色记》TheWhiteSerpent

《西游记》PilgrimagetotheWest

相声crosstalk

单口相声　　　　　　　monologuecomictalk

双口相声　　　　　　　wittydialogue

木偶戏　　　　　　　shadowplaypuppets

独角戏　　　　　　　　monodrama;one-manplay

皮影戏　　　　　　　　shadowplay;shadowpuppertry

折子戏　　　　　　　　operahighlights

戏剧小品　　　　　　　skit

哑剧　　　　　　　　　dumbshow;mime;mummery;pantomime

口技　　　　　　　　　vocalimitations;ventriloquism

说书　　　　　　　　monologuestory-telling

杂技　　　　　　　　　acrobaticperformance

马戏　　　　　　　　　circusperformances

叠罗汉　　　　　　　　makingahumanpyramid

特技　　　　　　　　　stunt

睬高跷　　　　　　　　stiltwalk

2.艺术及工艺artsandcrafts

国画                   Chinesepainting

漆画                   lacquerpainting

版画                   engravingpainting/woodcutpainting

水彩画watercolorpainting

水墨画                 Chinesebrushdrawing;inkandwashpainting

木刻画                 woodengravingpainting

贝雕画                 shellcarvingpicture

卖秸画                 strawpatchwork

壁画mural

泥塑claysculpture

彩塑paintedsculpture

释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

千手观音Guanyinwith1000Hands

大足石刻DazuStoneSculpture

兵马俑theTerracottaArmy

陶俑terracottawarriors

云冈石窟theYungangGrottoes

莫高窟theMogaoGrottoes

龙门石窟theLongmenGrottoes

袈裟kasaya

雕刻                   carving

剪纸                   paper-cutting

刺绣                   embroidery

双面绣                 two-sidedembroidery

木/石/竹刻           wood/stone/bamboocarving

漆器                   lacquerware

宫灯                   palacelantern

皮影                   shadowpuppet

蜡染                   batik

彩塑                   paintedsculpture

陶器                   pottery;earthenware

宜兴陶                 Yixingpottery

瓷器                   porcelain;china

景德镇瓷             Jingdezhenporcelain

景泰蓝                 Cloisonné/Jingtaiblue

唐三彩                 Tangtri-coloredpottery

泥人              clayfigurinr

面人doughfigurine

檀香扇                 sandalwoodfan

图章                   seal

拓碑                   ma