外刊经贸知识选读复习要点.docx
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外刊经贸知识选读复习要点.docx
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外刊经贸知识选读复习要点
Lesson One China in the Market Place
一、术语:
manufactured goods 制成品
capital equipment 资本货物
balance of payments 国际收支
current account 经常项目
visible trade account 有形贸易项目
invisible trade account 无形贸易项目
trade surplus 贸易顺差
trade deficit 贸易逆差
barter 易货贸易
compensation trade 补偿贸易
counter-trade 反向贸易
assembly manufacturing 组装生产
industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税
joint venture 合资企业
deferred payment 延期付款
buyer credit 买方信贷
supplier credit 卖方信贷
soft loan 软贷款 (低息贷款)
MFN treatment:
Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇
PNTR:
Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系
NI:
National Income 国民收入
GNP:
Gross National Product 国民生产总值
GDP:
Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值
IBRD:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行
IDA:
International Development Association 国际开发协会
IFC:
International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司
OECD:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织
BIS:
Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行
EEC:
European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体
EU:
European Union 欧洲联盟
FDI:
Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资
二、词语释义:
exacerbate:
deteriorate 恶化
disrupt:
interrupt 中断
in the wake of:
following 继┉之后
breakdown:
analysis by classification 分类分析
buoyant:
brisk 上扬的,增产的
run-down:
reduction
mount exhibitions:
hold exhibitions
insofar as:
to the extent 在┉范围之内
bottlenecks:
obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress
三、句子翻译:
Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.
官方认为,外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用,这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上,从而给国民经济带来了重压。
The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China"s determination
许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心:
通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术,而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。
……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被
许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心:
通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术,而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。
……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前,中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料
(二)!
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Lesson two The Curtain Goes up
一、术语:
The special Economic Zone 经济特区
a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士
infrastructure 基础设施
capital stock 实际资本
consumer goods 消费品
preferential tax rate 优惠税率
cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业
ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区
entrepreneurship 企业家精神
means of production 生产资料
stock-taking 评估
二、词语释义:
in piecemeal form:
piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的
showpiece:
a prime or outstanding example 典范
pipedream:
fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦
from scratch:
from the very beginning 从零开始,从最初开始
grassroots:
basic level 基层
the dust settles:
the confusion ends 尘埃落定
in the driver’s seat:
in the dominant position
三、句子翻译:
In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.
在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区,只要中国政府认为对国家有益,外国人可对任何项目进行投资,例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。
So, while comprehensive framework for the country’s modernization has been provided by the central committee’s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.
因此,虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架,但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。
Lesson Three Beijing Rising
一、术语:
economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国
commercial hub 商业活动中心
Per capita 人均
Gross National Product 国民生产总值
punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税
securities 有价证券
real estate market 房地产市场
“ Greater Chinatrade bloc “大中华”贸易集团
conglomerate 跨行业公司
consortium 国际财团
二、词语释义:
jockey:
move
is bustling with:
is filled with
giddy:
dizzy; euphoric
farfetched:
improbable; incredible
clear:
earn a net profit
Dealahardblowto:
strikeheavilyrung:
levelretaliation:
returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisalcareeroutofcontrol:
runoutofcontrol三、句子翻译:
WiththeU.S.Congressduetoconsidertherenewal
deal a hard blow to:
strike heavily
rung:
level
retaliation:
return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal
career out of control:
run out of control
三、句子翻译:
With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. Beijing has cut this year’s growth target from 10 to 8.5 per cent, in an effort to keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated.
Lesson four The Economic Scene:
A Global Perspective
一、术语:
centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
market economy 市场经济
disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策
deflation 通货紧缩
short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率
commodity market 商品市场
nominal (dollar) terms 名义(美元)价
constant (dollar) terms 不变(美元)价
business cycle 商业周期
weighted average 加权平均数
hard currencies 硬通货
fiscal adjustment 财政调整
portfolio investment 有价证券投资
market diversification 市场多元化
tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策
exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值
accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策
yield curve 收益曲线
per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值
GATT:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定
EMS:
European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系
GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数( GDP 平减指数)
CMEA (Comecon):
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会
LIBOR:
London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率
二、词语释义:
in a row:
in succession
easing:
slowing down; decrease
momentum:
force of movement
underlying:
being at the basis of
slackening:
slowing of speed
compound:
worsen
moderate inflation:
ease inflation
robust:
strong and healthy
setbacks:
frustrations
slump:
depression
edge down:
move slowly down
depreciation:
devaluation
spike:
abrupt increase
pick-up:
recovery
rein in:
control
bottoming-out:
reaching the lowest point before rising again ( 止跌回升)
三、句子翻译:
Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the
LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen一、术语:
traderepresentative贸易谈判代表governmentprocurement政府采购NAFTA(NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements)北美自由贸易协定tradesanctions贸易
Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen
一、术语:
trade representative 贸易谈判代表
government procurement 政府采购
NAFTA ( North America Free Trade Agreements )北美自由贸易协定
trade sanctions 贸易制裁
trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
二、词语释义:
tough:
uncompromising (不妥协的,强硬的)
discrimination:
unfair treatment
sanctions:
penalty
escalate:
develop; intensify
frictions:
conflicts
procurement:
purchase
be bullied into doing:
be forced to do
is awake to:
is conscious of
amenable to:
responsive to
a ragged start:
a poor start
三、句子翻译:
Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world’s fragile economies. Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.” In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies.
Lesson Six Economic Troubles Cloud New Market’s Future
一、术语:
the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约
barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区
referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并
budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化
deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化
二、词语释义:
big bang:
strong and powerful effect; impact (不同凡响的效果)
sour:
worsen backlash:
a strong adverse reaction
be bursting to:
be eager to (迫不及待地 … ) skid:
slide; fall
gush about:
talk about with excessive enthusiasm (滔滔不绝地谈论)
translate into:
transform into hang over:
impend over; threaten
三、句子翻译:
Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market — and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest
LessonSevenJapanSaysNo一、术语:
freetrade自由贸易tradesanctions贸易制裁fiscalpackages财政一揽子计划managedtrade管理贸易tradebalance贸易差额multilateralrules多边规则economiccycle经济周期budgetdef
Lesson Seven Japan Says No
一、术语:
free trade 自由贸易 trade sanctions 贸易制裁
fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划 managed trade 管理贸易
trade balance 贸易差额 multilateral rules 多边规则
economic cycle 经济周期 budget deficit 预算赤字
trade reprisals 贸易报复
二、词语释义:
draw the line:
set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond (划定界限;不肯做到或超越某种程度)
die down:
disappear gradually foreshadow:
is a sign of; represents; indicates
capitulate to:
yield to thrust:
principal concern or objective
geared to:
adjusted to take sb to task for:
reprimand sb for;
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