全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题及答案解析

SectionI    UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.

Anumberofstudieshave1 thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.

Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2 .

Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.

3 amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4 ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater5 isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.

Itisoftendefined6 bodymassindex,orBMI.

BMI7 bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.

AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.

Between25and30isoverweight.

Andover30isconsideredobese.

Obesity,8 ,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9 ,theyarenot.

Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.

SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10 otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11 .

Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12 asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.

Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13 BMI.

Todaywehavea（an）14 tolabelobesityasadisgrace.

Theoverweightaresometimes15 inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.

Stereotypes16 withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.

Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.

17 veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18 inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19 .

Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.

Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.

MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign20 childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

①Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?

②ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.③Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanread“HappyMoney”byElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.

①Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehaviouralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.②Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.③Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.④Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.⑤Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.⑥Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

①Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”②Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.③Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.④ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald’srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

①Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.②Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.③Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.④Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.⑤Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse.

[B]Aspecialtour.

[C]Astylishcar.

[D]Arichmeal.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis__________.

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat__________.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“HappyMoney”__________.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto__________.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

①AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.②Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.③Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

①Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.②Webecomedefensivewhencriticised,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.③Westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

①PsychologistandbehaviouralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.②Ratherthanhavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.③Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.④Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmostdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

①Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.②Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancethemost（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.③Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.④“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,”saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”⑤Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.

①KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerally—ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.②Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.③It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-Madisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavef