海文考研完型讲义.docx
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海文考研完型讲义.docx
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海文考研完型讲义
完形讲义
一、认识考研完形
二、考研完形的变化
三、考研完形的规律
规律一、答案选项概率原则,四个选项答案分布均匀
规律二、选项单词复现原则。
高频词:
message
(2),apparent
(2),limited
(2),subject(ed)(4-1)
均为正确答案against,suchas,nor,also,while
多数时候是答案:
although,but
(2),however(6-2),onlyif,that,whereas,nevertheless,because(3-1),eventhough(if),with
规律三、考研完形有三个层面的线索。
中心线索
Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe__47__.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor__48__extrafundsintheformofloans.
[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient
[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained
本句话提供线索。
Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety__48__.(1999)
48.[A]comesoff[B]turnsup[C]paysoff[D]holdsup
Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.41kindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.(1995)
41.(A)Either(B)Neither(C)EachD)Any
前后句内容给出线索。
ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld'slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.(1997)
41.A)swarmB)strideC)separateD)slip
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21.(2002)
21[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later
规律四、完形文章有中心主线。
第一种情况
Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.(2004)
第二种情况
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21.(2002)
Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.(2008)
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.(2003)
第三种情况
ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1_homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly__2__.(2006)
By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million__1__ofthesenationslooked__2__tothefuture.(2007)
中心主线:
大方向
2001年法律用语
2004年因果词或短语
2005年反驳:
对立关系选项
2007年殖民地独立的未来:
积极词汇
中心主线:
贯穿全文
(1998)UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They_1_thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe_2_man.
1.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed[D]predicted
2000,10
四、考研完形的解题技巧
1.考研完形的考点:
实词(名词,动词,形容词,副词)----词义辨析(形近词,义近词)
虚词-----逻辑关系。
2.考研完形解题技巧
实词虚词辅助技巧:
2--3个实词意思相同或相近,往往答案在其中(limited,confined;cheerfully,hopefully);但如果这几个近义词多数情况下可以替换,则选意思最广的那个选项(means,method,medium,measure2002)
2—3个虚词意思相近,往往不选相同的那个意思,选意思最广的(for,since,as,because)(while,whereas)(than,that,which,as)
实词:
Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.(2005)
3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined
4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking
By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million__1__ofthesenationslooked__2__tothefuture.(2007)
1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants [C]peoples [D]individuals
虚词than,that,which,as
Thereshouldbemoreanxietiesovertheriskofgettingcancerthan inthe mindof the public.
A.exist B.exists C.existing D.existed
Familieshavealso33changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;34,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome35wascommoninthetraditionalfamily36.(2004)
35、A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as
Ø宏观解题技巧
对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系、递进关系、条件关系
1.对立:
转折:
but,yet,however,bycontrast,onthecontrary,contrarily
对比:
while,whereas,as,like,unlike,comparedwith,incomparisonwith;
Ratherthan,insteadof,not..but..,against,bycontrast
让步:
although,though,eventhough,even,inspiteof,despite,nevertheless,muchas,while
(1997)Onedayatatime.2industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive3reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.
42.[A]For[B]Because[C]As[D]Since
(2005)Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__9__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.
9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas
(2006)Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,__14__notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneedtoturntheirlives__16__.
14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas
2000,3
(2002,40)"Benefits"havebeenweighed 40 "harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
40.[A]above [B]upon [C]against [D]with
(2002)Itisgenerallyrecognized,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.
31.[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[D]although
(2005)Infact,__5__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__6__wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.
6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif
2.因果:
后跟原因:
because,for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,onaccountof,inresponseto,becauseof,inthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,
后跟结果:
therefore,sothat,consequently,asaresult,leadto,therefore,hence,thus,so
注:
04年考的较多
(1996)Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45nitrogen.Theyaredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin47oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.
46.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat[D]exceptthat
(2004)Familieshavealso 33 changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents; 34 ,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome 35 wascommoninthetraditionalfamily 36 .
34[A]contrarily[B]consequently
[C]similar [D]simultaneously
3.并列关系
and,aswellas,or,neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...butalso...;similarly,equally,inthesameway,simultaneously,meanwhile.
1999,10
(2004)Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare28tocriticism.
28[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject
2000,8
(2003)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.
21.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[D]advice
4.总分关系
forexample,forinstance,suchas,including
Overallhealth,hesaid,accountsforsome32inbrainsize.Alcoholordruguse,aswellasmedicalconditions33diabetesandhighbloodpressure,contributetobrain-tissuelossthroughoutadulthood.
33.[A]asfor[B]suchas[C]asto[D]aswell
2001,1
(2005)Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors__19__forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__20__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom
(2003)However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe 27 toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers, 28 ,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews, 29 studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.
28.[A]ineffect [B]asaresult [C]forexample [D]inasense
5.递进关系
(2006)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation._1_homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan’tpossibly_2_.Tohelphomelesspeople_3_independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_4_theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.
1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise[C]Therefore [D]Furthermore
(2005)Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit__14__tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan__15__newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__16__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.
16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless
6.条件关系
2000,2009,1995
Ø微观解题技巧
名词、动词、形容词、副词
动词切入点:
主语,宾语,及物不及物
看主语
(94)Toooften,carelessuseofwords 3 ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.
3[A]encourages [B]prevents [C]destroy[D]offers
看主语、及物不及物
(1998)Thisview,7,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists8historyandeconomics,have9twothings:
thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was10bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.
9.[A]manifested[B]approved[C]shown[D]speculated
看宾语
(2002)Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas__18__bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeel
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