翻译Word版及其分配情况.docx
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翻译Word版及其分配情况.docx
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翻译Word版及其分配情况
Tightgassandstonereservoirdelineation
throughchannel-beltanalysis,LateJurassic
MonteithFormation,AlbertaDeepBasin
RossB.Kukulski1
DepartmentofGeoscience
UniversityofCalgary
2500UniversityDrive
Calgary,ABT2N1N4
ThomasF.Moslow
Abstract
TheLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceousMonteithFormation(MinnesGroup)records
incipientforedeepdepositionintheDeepBasinofnorthwesternAlbertaandBritish
Columbia.TheuppermostlithostratigraphicunitoftheMonteithFormation,
informallyreferredtoastheMonteithA,isinvestigatedwithdatafrom550wells,
whichincludeswirelinelogsuitesfromeachwellandapproximately540mofcore
from29wells,acrossa17,500km2area(T58–72,R6-20W6M).Thesedataprovide
thebasisforcharacterizationoffine-grained,organic-richinterchanneldeposits
andchannel-beltsandstonebodies.Channel-beltsandstonebodydimensionsare
estimatedtorangefrom4.1–12.6mthickand514–2851mwide.Channel-belt
sandstonebodystackingpatternsarevariablelaterallyandverticallywiththemost
amalgamatedarchitecturepresentintheplains,inthesouthernportionofthearea
studied(T58–70)andwithinthelowersectionoftheMonteithAinterval.
Stratigraphicarchitectureimpartsasignificantcontrolonnaturalgas
productionfromtheMonteithAasalmostallofthecurrentproductioniscoincident
withamalgamatedchannel-beltunits.Themostprolificproductionfromthe
MonteithAisintheFoothillswherenaturalfracturesenhancepermeability
withinhighlyamalgamatedchannel-belts.InthePlainswherechannel-beltsare
highlyamalgamated,gasdistributionandproducibilityarecontrolledbyinter-and
intra-channel-beltarchitectureandassociatedzonesofenhancedpermeability.
Thesezonesofenhancedpermeabilityarelikelycontrolledbyprimaryreservoir
properties,diageneticalterationandnaturalfractures.Heterogeneousreservoir
qualityandarelativelythinreservoirinterval(typically20–60mthick)make
horizontalwellsandhydraulicfracturingamoreefficientdevelopmentstrategy
thanverticalwells.Anarea>3000km2characterizedbyamalgamatedchannel-belt
architectureispresentinthelowerportionoftheMonteithAandmayprovidea
widespread,idealtargetsuitableforhorizontaldrilling.
MoslowGeoscienceConsulting
111SchillerCrescentNW
Calgary,ABT3L1W9
StephenM.Hubbard
DepartmentofGeoscience
UniversityofCalgary
2500UniversityDrive
Calgary,ABT2N1N4
Résumé
DanslarégiondeDeepBasindansleNord-Ouestdel’AlbertaetdelaColombie-
Britannique,laFormationdeMonteithduJurassiquetardifetduCrétacé
précoce(groupedeMinnes)exposeundébutdedépôtdansl’avant-fosse.
L’unitélithostratigraphiquesupérieuredelaFormationdeMonteith,appelée
officieusementMonteithA,aétéexaminéeaumoyendedonnéesde550puits,
cequiinclueunesériedediagraphieparcâbledechaquepuitsetenviron540
mdecarottesextraitesde29puitssurunesuperficiede17500km2(T58à72,
R6-20W6M).Cesdonnéesprésententlescaractéristiquesdebasededépôts
interchenauxàgrainsfinsrichesenmatièreorganiqueetdecorpsgréseuxde
zonedechenaux.Onestimequeladimensiondescorpsgréseuxdeceszonesde
chenauxvariede4,1mà12,6md’épaisseuretde514mà2851mdelargeur.Les
schémasd’empilagedescorpsgréseuxvarientsurlesplanslatéraletverticaletse
retrouventdansl’architecturelaplusamalgaméeprésentedanslesplaines,dans
lapartiesuddusecteurétudié(T58à70),ainsiqu’àmêmelapartieinférieurede
l’intervalledeMonteithA.
L’architecturestratigraphiquedomineconsidérablementlaproductiondegaz
naturelprovenantdelaMonteithA,carprèsdelatotalitédelaproductionactuelle
correspondauxunitésamalgaméesdezonedechenaux.Laproductionlaplus
prolifiquedelaMonteithAprovientdescontrefortsoùlesfracturesnaturelles
1Currentaddress:
ChevronCanadaResources
500-5thAvenueSW
Calgary,ABT2P0L7
BULLETINOFCANADIAN
PETROLEUMGEOLOGY
Volume61,Number2
June2013
Pages133–156
Page133
accroissentlaperméabilitédansleszonesdechenauxfortement
amalgamées.Danslesplainesoùleszonesdechenauxsonttrès
amalgamées,larépartitiongazièreetlaproductibilitésontrégies
parl’architecturedeszonesinter-chenauxetintra-chenauxetaux
zonesdeperméabilitéaccrueassociées.Selontouteprobabilité,
leszonesdeperméabilitéaccruesontrégiesparlaprésencede
fracturesnaturelles,deporositéprimaire,deperméabilité,etla
diagenèse.Laqualitédesréservoirshétérogènesetl’épaisseur
degisementrelativementmince(engénéralde20mà60m
d’épaisseur)fontensortequeleforagedepuitshorizontauxet
l’hydrofracturationreprésententunestratégied’exploitationplus
efficaceparrapportauxpuitsverticaux.Laprésenced’unerégion
deplusde3000km2danslapartieinférieuredelaMonteith
A,quisecaractériseparunearchitecturedezonesdechenaux
amalgamées,pourraitserévélerunecibleétendueetidéalepour
leforagehorizontal.
MichelOry
areaapproximately140kmby125km(Fig.2;Masters,1979).
Theintervalofinterestistheuppermostlithostratigraphicunit
oftheLateJurassic-EarlyCretaceousMonteithFormation,
informallyreferredtoastheMonteithA(Fig.1;Milesetal.,
2012).Thestratagraduallydipsouthwestwardtowardthe
RockyMountainFoothillsinthesouthwestcornerofthestudy
area.Twenty-ninefulldiametercoresofvariablethicknessare
usedtogenerateasedimentologicmodelfortheMonteithA
(Fig.2B).Over1400wellspenetratetheintervaland>550
wellshavebeendrilledcompletelythroughit.Wellspacing
rangesfrom0.5–8.5km,althoughitistypicallybetween1.5and
3.0km(Fig.2).Fourteenhorizontalwellshavebeendrilledinto
theMonteithA,includingtwelveintheFoothillsdeformedbelt.
Eachwellhaspublicallyavailablewirelinelogs(gammaradiation,
neutron,density,resistivity,induction,sonic,andlithological)
andassociatedproductiondatathatareusedtogeneratemaps
andcross-sections(Figs.1and2).
StratigraphicTerminology
LateJurassic–EarlyCretaceousstrataintheWesternCanadian
DeepBasinthatareunderlainbytheFernieFormationand
unconformablyoverlainbytheCadominFormationhave
receivedconsiderableattentionoverthelasthalf-decade(Fig.1)
(e.g.Boettcheretal.,2010;Miles,2010;Solanoetal.etal.,
2010;Milesetal.,2012;Rainesetal.,inpress;Kukulskietal.,
inpress).Thestratigraphicterminologyappliedtotheinterval
hasbeenvaried,areviewofwhichisbrieflysummarizedbelow.
AmorethoroughreviewwasrecentlyprovidedbyMilesetal.
(2012).Thestrataofinterestarecommonlyreferredtoasthe
NikanassinFormationbypractitionersintheCanadianenergy
industry(Masters,1979).Formally,thestrataareattributed
totheMinnesGroup,whichiscomposedoftheMonteith,
BeattiePeaks,MonachandBickfordformations(Stott,1998).
Theseformationswerecorrelatedfromoutcropinnortheastern
BritishColumbiaintothesubsurfacebyStott(1998),andthe
stratigraphicframeworkwasappliedinAlbertabyMiles(2010).
Furtherworkrevealedthatafewkeysubsurfacecorrelations
byStott(1998)wereincorrect,andduetoerosionassociated
withtheoverlyingsub-Cadominunconformity,onlythe
MonteithFormationispreservedintheAlbertasubsurface
(Milesetal.,2012;Rainesetal.,inpress).IntheAlbertaDeep
Basin,thestrataisdividedintothreeregionallymappable
lithostratigraphicintervalsinformallyknown,frombottom-up,
astheMonteithC,B,andA(previouslyconsideredMonteith,
BeattiePeaksandMonachformations,respectively;Mileset
al.,2012).Theintervalsareattributedto:
1)marginalmarine-
deltaic(MonteithC);2)coastalplain(MonteithB);and3)
fluvial(MonteithA)deposition(Fig.1;Milesetal.,2012).The
NikanassinFormation,asdefinedinoutcropapproximately200
kmsouthoftheDeepBasin,hasbeeninterpretedasamarginal
marinedeposit,whichislikelylithostratigraphicallyequivalent
totheMonteithC(Kryczka,1959;Milesetal.,2012).
MonteithAStratigraphicFramework
Thehighnet-to-grossfluvialstrataoftheMonteithAoverlies
heterolithiccoastalplaindepositsoftheMonteithBand
isunconformablyoverlainbytheconglomeraticCadomin
Formation(Fig.1).
R.B.Kukulski,T.F.MoslowandS.M.Hubbard
Introduction
Tight-gasfluvialsandstonereservoirsassociatedwiththeLate
Jurassic-EarlyCretaceousMonteithFormationrepresenta
resourceplayintheDeepBasinofWesternCanada(Masters,
1979;Milesetal.,2012;Fig.1).Thethick(>150m),laterally
extensive(10’sofkm)sub-litharenitereservoirischaracterized
bypervasivesilicacementation,compactionandassociatedlow
permeabilitythathasresultedinhistoricallypoorproduction
(3–9%porosity,0.1–2mdpermeability;Solanoetal.,2010;Miles
etal.,2012).Recentimprovementsindrillingandcompletions
technology(horizontaldrillingandmulti-stagehydraulic
fractures)haveenhancedproductioninthenaturallyfractured
Foothills(Milesetal.,2012).Significantnaturalgasproduction
potentialexistsintheadjacentplainsregion,butlittleisknown
aboutthesedimentologyandstratigraphicarchitectureofthe
interval,whichcanstronglyinfluenceproductionintightgas
settings(e.g.JonahField;Shanley,2004).
Theprimaryobjectiveofthisstudyistodocumentthe
sedimentologyandchannel-beltscalestratigraphicarchitecture
oftheuppermostlithostratigraphicunitoftheMonteith
Formation(MonteithA)intheDeepBasinofnortheastern
Alberta.Characterizationofthesestrataisdifficultassignificant
d
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