考研英语一真题word版.docx
- 文档编号:23992677
- 上传时间:2023-05-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:40
- 大小:41.81KB
考研英语一真题word版.docx
《考研英语一真题word版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语一真题word版.docx(40页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语一真题word版
2018年考研英语
(一)真题(word版)
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(一)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1many
worthwhilethings:
childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour
2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.
4,whydowetrustatall?
Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheir
trustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone
that6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumans
to7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsus
inatrusting9:
InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesof
halfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramounts
ofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.
11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadian
studyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acredibleperson
andadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplastic
container.Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?
”beforelookingintothecontainer,
smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!
”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Half
ofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetester
had17them.
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperate
withthetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis
leadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipated
inafollow-upactivity.
1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from
2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest
3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price
4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again
5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When
6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains
7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare
8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to
9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle
10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters
11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic
12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight
13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over
14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted
15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside
16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered
17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked
18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled
19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance
20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowing
four
texts.
Answerthe
questions
beloweachtext
by
choosing
A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Amongthe
annoying
challenges
facing
themiddle
class
is
onethat
will
probably
gounmentioned
in
thenext
presidential
campaign:
Whathappenswhenthe
robots
come
fortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathigh
riskof
being
automated,
according
to
aUniversity
ofOxford
study,
with
themiddle
classdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycare
don'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financial
advice,
software
engineering
—have
aroused
their
interest,
or
soonwill.
Therich
owntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn't
to
bealarmist.
Optimists
point
out
that
technological
upheaval
has
benefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellfor
Ludditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraised
livingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automation
should
eventually
boost
productivity,
stimulate
demandbydriving
downprices,
and
freeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers
mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond
MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums
—from
grammarschool
to
college-
should
evolve
tofocus
less
onmemorizing
facts
andmore
oncreativity
andcomplex
communication.
Vocational
schools
should
doabetter
job
offosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.
Online
education
cansupplementthetraditional
kind.
It
could
makeextra
training
andinstruction
affordable.
Professionals
trying
to
acquire
newskills
will
beable
todosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to
reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.
Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxeson
low-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcredit
shouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesfor
jobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,
yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupended
byautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.
Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
[A]Leadingpoliticians.[B]Low-wagelaborers.[C]Robotowners.
[D]Middle-classworkers.
22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?
[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison
[A]creativepotential.[B]job-huntingskills.[C]individualneeds.
[D]cooperativespirit.
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat
[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith
[A]opposingviewsonit.[B]possiblesolutionstoit.[C]itsalarmingimpacts.
[D]itsmajorvariations.Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversity
finds
morethan
two-thirds
of
youngAmericans
disapprove
ofPresident
Trump’suseofTwitter.
Theimplication
is
that
Millennials
prefer
newsfromthe
WhiteHousetobefiltered
through
othersource,
Notapresident’
ssocialmediaplatform.
MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrust
hasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy
skills.
Suchatrend
is
badly
needed.
During
the
2016presidential
campaign,
nearly
aquarterof
webcontentshared
byTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstate
ofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.Andasurvey
conducted
forBuzzFeedNewsfound44percent
of
Facebookusers
rarelyor
never
trust
newsfromthemediagiant.
Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat
separating
fact
from
fiction
in
cyberspace.AKnight
Foundation
focus-group
survey
ofyoungpeople
betweenages14and24found
they
use“distributed
trust
”to
verify
stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives
—
especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.
“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreat
dealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingout
opposingviewpoints,
”thesurveyconcluded.
Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedin
Australia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison
foundthatyoungpeople
’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpolitical
engagement.
Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand
immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir
values
andinterests.
This
forces
usersto
bemoreconscious
oftheirrole
in
passing
alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby
Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonis
“readererror,
”moresothanmade-up
stories
or
factualmistakes
inreporting.
About
athird
say
theproblemoffakenews
liesin
“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews
”viasocialmedia.In
other
words,the
choiceto
share
newsonsocial
media
maybethe
heart
of
the
issue.
“Thisindicatesthereisa
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 一真题 word
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)