作文范文之herbaltherapy英语作文.docx
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作文范文之herbaltherapy英语作文.docx
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作文范文之herbaltherapy英语作文
herbaltherapy英语作文
【篇一:
医学英语课文翻译】
第一单元ahistoryoftcm
textaahistoryoftcm
thehistoryoftraditionalchinesemedicinecanbetracedthrougharchaeologicalexcavationsextendingbackmillionsofyears.primitivepeoplespentmostoftheirtimeonbasicsurvival:
hunting,locatingandpreparingplantsfor,buildingshelters,anddefendingthemselves.itseasytoimaginethatovertime,theydhavesampledmostofthelocalplantsintheirsearchforfood.intime,anoralrecordevolvedthatidentifiedthoseplantsthatmadegoodfood,thosethatwereusefulforbuilding,thosethathadaneffectonillness,andthosethatwerepoisonous.
throughtrialanderror,aprimitiveformofherbalmedicineanddietarytherapywastakingshapein.
firealsoplayedacentralroleintheirlivesasasourceofwarmth,fuel,and.astheyhuddledaroundfires,itwasonlynaturalthatourancestorswoulddiscoverthehealingpowersofheat.thosepowerswouldhavebeenespeciallyevidentforcold,dampailmentssuchas,forwhichheatprovidesimmediaterelief.thiswastheoriginoftheartofmoxibustion,thetherapeuticapplicationofheattotreatawidevarietyofconditions.
theseancientpeoplemusthaveexperiencedavarietyofinjuriesduringtheirruggedlives.anaturalreactiontoistoruborpressontheaffectedarea.thishands-ontherapygraduallyevolvedintoasystemoftherapeuticmanipulation.peoplediscoveredthatpressingoncertainpointsonthebodyhadwide-rangingeffects.theybegantousepiecesofsharpenedboneorstonetoenhancethesensation,andacupuncturewasborn.
writtenhistoryoftraditionalchinesemedicine
thewrittenhistoryoftraditionalchinesemedicinehasevolvedmostlyoverthelast3,000years.archaeologicaldigsfromtheshangdynasty(1,000b.c.)haverevealedmedicalwritingsinscribedondivinationbones:
earlyshamans,mostlywomen,usedscapulabonestoperformdivinationrites;latertheseboneswerealsousedforwriting.
thediscoveryin1973of11medicaltextswrittenonsilkhasshedsomelightonthe
sophisticatedpracticesofthatearlyperiodofchinesehistory.datedto168b.c.,thetexts
discussdiet,exercise,moxibustion,andherbaltherapy.liberallymixedwithshamanisticmagic,anextensivetext,prescriptionsforfifty-twoailments,describesthepharmacologicaleffectsofherbsandfoods.alsodatingfromaboutthistimeisthelegendofshennong,theemperorofagriculture,whotasted100herbsdailytoassesstheirqualities.(heissaidtohavebeenpoisonedmanytimesinthecourseofhisinvestigations.)
bya.d.400,thebasicfoundationsoftraditionalchinesemedicinehadbeenputintowrittenform.bythistime,mostofthemagicalaspectsofmedicinehadbeenleftbehind;therewasanincreasingbeliefinthepowersofnaturetohealdisease.themostimportantbookcompiled
.c.anda.d.400ishuangdineijing(huangdi’scanonofmedicine).theworkisdividedintotwobooks:
simplequestionsandspiritualaxis.thefirstbookdealswithgeneraltheoreticalprinciples,whilethesecondmorespecificallydescribestheprinciplesofacupunctureandthetreatmentofdisease.remarkably,thisancientworkisstillvalid;itformsthefoundationforthecontemporarypracticeoftraditionalchinesemedicine.forexample,theneijingstatesthatcolddiseasesshouldbetreatedwithhotherbs,andhotdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithcoldherbs.thisprincipleisstillfollowedtodayinclinicalpractice.hot,inflammatoryinfectionsaretreatedwithcoldherbssuchashoneysuckleflowersorcoptisroot;cold,debilitatingconditionssuchasaretreatedwithwarm,stimulatingherbssuchasginsengorastragalusroots.modernresearchhasconfirmedthattheseplantscontainconstituentswithstrong
pharmacologicaleffectsonthesespecificconditions.bythesecondcenturya.d.,physiciansalloverchinawerecompilingwritingsofthelatestdiscoveriesinacupunctureandherbalmedicine.itwasduringthistimethatthefamousphysicianhuatuowroteaboutherbalanesthesia.althoughhisformulafortheanesthetichasbeenlost,hisuniquesystemofpointsisstillinuse.hewasalsoapioneerinrecommendingexerciseasamethodofmaintainingwellness.heisquotedassayingarunningstreamnevergoesbad,meaningexercisemovesqiandpreventsthestagnationthatleadstodisease.
anotherpioneerofthetimewaszhangzhongjing,whowrotetreatiseonfebrileand
miscellaneousdiseasesafterwitnessinganepidemicthatravagedhiscityandkilledmostofhisrelatives.thishighlyregardedphysiciandevelopedasystemofdiagnosissosophisticatedthatitisusedbypractitionersinmodernhospitals1,700yearsafterhisdeath.
progressofmedicineinchina
theprogressofmedicineinrunsparalleltothenationspoliticalhistory.betweenthesecondandfifthcenturiesa.d.,chinaexperiencedaperiodmarkedbyandpolitical
turmoil.oneoftheironiesofwaristhatithasatendencytoleadtoadvancesinmedicine.theperiodictimesofuestinchinesehistory,suchasthis,werenoexception,astheincreasedneedforpractical,convenient,effectiveremediesledtofurtherdevelopmentsinmedicaltreatment.
duringthistime,gehongwroteprescriptionsforemergenciesinordertospreadthe
knowledgeofandmoxibustiontothemasses.arounda.d.650,sunsimiao
compiledprescriptionsworthathousandgold,whichintegratedtheclinicalexperiencesofthedifferentschoolsofacupunctureatthattime.duringthetangdynasty(618-907a.d.),chinasimperialmedicalbureauestablisheddepartmentsofacupuncture,pharmacology,andmedicalspecialties.numerousadditionaltreatisesandcompilationsofmedicalknowledgeandexperiencewereprepared.
inthefivedynastiesperiod(907-1368a.d.),advancementsinprintingtechniquesledtoadramaticincreaseinthepublicationofmedicaltexts.oneoftheimportantbooksoftheperiodwascanonontheoriginofacupunctureandmoxibustion,inwhichwangzhizhongincorporatedtheclinicalexperiencesofthepractitionersoffolkmedicine.
duringthemingdynasty(1368-1644),manymedicalspecialistscompiledtheworksoftheirforebears,furtherexpandingtheextensivebaseofmedicalknowledge.themostfamousphysicianoftheperiodwaslishizheng(1518-1593),akindandgeneroushealerwhodidnotacceptpaymentforhisservices.afterrevivingthesonofaprincefroma,hewasappointedcourtphysicianandservedintheimperialacademyofmedicine.hismostincredibleachievementwashis40-yeareffortinwritingthebencaogongmu(generalcatalogofherbs),amonumentalworkpublishedafterhisdeath.consistingof52volumesatthetimeofitsprinting,thebencaogongmuremainsanimportantreferencefortraditionalchineseherbalists.
therecenthistoryoftraditionalchinesemedicinesawtheintegrationofnewtechniqueswithancientunderstanding.thisintegrationprocesscontinueduntilthe19thcentury,whentheopiumwarof1840turnedintoasemi-colonialsociety.westerncolonialpowersderidedtraditionalmedicineasprimitiveandoutdated.thecommunistpartycametopowerinthemid-20thcentury,bringingmuchturmoiltochina;however,thecommunistssawtheneedtopromotetraditionalchinesemedicinetoavoiddependenceonthewest.agreatneedfor
traditionalarosesincetherewerefartoofewwestern-trainedphysicianstoservethehugepopulation:
only10,000western-traineddoctorswereavailabletoserve400million
people.traditionalchinesemedicinebeganacourseofrevivalthatcontinuestoday.manywestern-trainedphysiciansandscientistsinchinastartedtoconductresearchon,moxibustion,andherbalmedicine,andagradualintegrationofthetwosystemsbegan.
in1945,anacupunctureclinicopenedinawesternhospitalinchinaforthefirsttime.sincethen,traditionalchinesemedicineandwesternmedicinehavebeenpracticedside-by-sideinchinesehospitals,sometimesbyaphysicianwhohasbeentrainedinbothfields.forexample,apatientmightreceiveradiationtotreatathenbesenttotheherbaldepartmentforformulastostrengthenhisimmunesystemandnormalizehisbloodcount.
sincethe1970s,chinesehospitalshavetrainedstudentsfrommorethan100countriesintheprinciplesoftraditionalmedicine.interestintraditionalchinesemedicinewassparkedintheunitedstatesintheearly1970swhennewyorktimesreporterjamesrestonexperiencedanacuteattackwhileinchina.hisreportofreceivingacupuncturetorelievehispost-operativeabdominalpainbroughtanawarenessofthissystemofhealingtothegeneralpublic.sincethen,acupunctureandherbalmedicinehavegraduallytakenholdinnorthamerica.withmorethan10,000practitionersandanincreasingnumberofschoolsoftraditionalchinesemedicine,thisancientsystemhastakenitswell-deservedplaceinthewesternworld.
textaahistoryoftcm
通过考古发掘,中医药的历史可以追溯到数百万年前。
原始人们在基本生存方面花了大部分时间:
狩猎、种植植物以获取食物、建造住所、保护自己。
很容易想象,随着时间的推移,他们会尝试大多数当地植物来寻找食物。
经过一段时间,随着口头记载的流传,可以确定哪些植物可以做美食,哪些可以用于建筑,哪些可以影响疾病,和哪些是有毒的。
通过试验和错误,一种原始的草药和饮食疗法在中国逐渐形成。
火作为一种取暖,燃料和光的资源在他们的生活中也发挥了关键作用。
他们围坐在火堆周围,我们的祖先发现热的治疗力量是很自然的。
这些力量对像关节炎这类寒湿病的作用特别明显,热量起到迅速缓解的作用。
这是艾灸的艺术的起源,热量的医疗应用适合于多种多样的条件。
在他们艰苦的生活中,这些古老的人们一定经历了各种各样的伤害。
痛苦的一个自然的反应是摩擦或按压病变部位。
这种动手的治疗逐渐演变成一个系统的治疗操作。
人们发现按压在身体上特定的穴位有广泛的影响。
他们开始使用磨骨碎片或石片增强感觉,针刺诞生了。
中国传统医学历史的记载
中医的书面历史发展主要是在过去的3000年。
商朝的考古挖掘揭示了医学著作被刻在占卜的骨头上:
早期的巫师,大多数是妇女,使用肩胛骨执行占卜仪式;后来这些骨头也被用于写作。
在1973年发现的11篇写在丝绸上的医学文献在某些方面阐明了中国历史早期的复杂实践。
追溯到公元前168年,这些文章讨论饮食、锻炼、艾灸和草药疗法。
一本广泛混杂萨满魔法的文章(52病方)描述了草药和食物的药理作用。
这个时期还存在着神农的传说,农业的皇帝,他每天品尝100草药来评估他们的性能。
(据说他在调查的过程中已经中毒多次调)
到公元400年,中国传统医学的基础已具有书面形式。
此时,医学中大多数魔法的方面已经落后;越来越相信自然的力量可以治愈疾病。
最重要的书籍是在公元前300年到公元400年之间编制的黄帝内经。
这个著作分为两部:
第一部书论及一般理论原则,而第二部书具体描述了针灸和疾病治疗的原则。
值得注意的是,这本古老的著作依然是有效的;它奠定了当代中医学
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