鱼类组织胚胎学思考题.docx
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鱼类组织胚胎学思考题.docx
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鱼类组织胚胎学思考题
鱼类组织胚胎学思考题
一、名词解释1.Histology(组织学)isasciencethatstudiesthemicrostructureandtherelationshipbetweenthestructureandfunctionoforganism.2.Embryology(胚胎学)isasciencethatstudiestheprocessesandtheregulationsofthedevelopmentoforganism.3.Coveringepithelia(被覆上皮)aretissuesinwhichthecellsareorganizedinlayersthatcovertheexternalsurfaceorlinetheinnersurfaceofbodycavities.4.Mesothelium(间皮)isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiessuchasthoracic,pericardialandabdominalcavities;itcanfacilitatemovementsofviscera.5.Endothelium(内皮)isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymph(淋巴)vessels;itcanfacilitatebloodflowingandtransportingofmaterials.6.Basalmembrane(基膜)isasheetlikestructureatthebasalsurfaceofepithelialcells,whichisincontactwithsubjectconnectiveandisattachedtotheunderlyingconnectivetissue.7.Endocrineglands(内分泌腺)arethosewhoseductsweredisappearedduringdevelopmentandthesecretionsofthemarepickedupandtransportedtotheirsiteofactionbythebloodstream.8.Exocrineglands(外分泌腺)arethosethatretaintheirconnectionwiththesurfaceepitheliumintheformoftubularductsthroughwhichtheglandularsecretionspasstoreachthesurface.9.Isogenousgroupsare(同源细胞群)severalchondrocytes(软骨细胞)locateinonelacuna(软骨陷窝),whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcell.10.Sacromere(肌节)isasegmentofmyofibril(肌原纤维)extendingfromoneZlinetonextZline,whichiscomposedof1/2Iband,oneAbandand1/2Iband,isthesmalleststructuralandfunctionalunitofmyofibril.11.Intercalateddiscs(闰盘)aredarkstained,stairslikestructuresthatcrosscardiacmusclefiber;infacttheyarethejunctionpartsoftwoadjacentmusclefibers.12.Argyrophilicfibers(嗜银纤维):
Becauseoftheiraffinity(亲和)forsilversalts,reticularfiberscanbeeasilystainedblackbyimpregnationwithsilversalts,sotheyarecalledargyrophilicfibers.13.Neuron(神经元)isthestructuralandfunctionalcellularunitthatcanreceivestimulation,conductnerveimpulse.Neuronconsistsofcellbody,dendriteandaxon.14.Nisslbodies(尼氏体)arebasophilic(嗜碱性)spot-likedorgranule-likedstructuresonlyfoundincellbodyanddendriteofneuron;infacttheyareparalleled-arrangedRERandfreeribosome.15.Nervefiber(神经纤维)isastructureformedbyaxonandsurroundedglialcells,whichcanconducttheimpulsetocertaindirection16.NerveEnding(神经末梢)isthespecializedstructuresofthenervefiberterminalsthatdistributedintissuesandorgans.二、填空题1.Hematoxylin(苏木精)isabasic(碱性)stainandcombineswithacidic(酸性)components.Eosin(伊红)isanacidicstainandcombineswithbasiccomponents.2.Accordingtothedistributionandfunctions,therearethreetypesofepithelium:
coveringepithelium,glandularepitheliumandneuro-epithelium.3.Thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiesismesothelium;thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymphvesselsisendothelium.4.Theepitheliumofthyroid(甲状腺)orrenaltubule(肾小管)issimplecuboidalepithelium;theepitheliumofintestine(肠)issimplecolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumoflargeductofrespiratory(呼吸道)ispseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumofmouth,pharynx(咽),esophagus(食道)orepidermis(表皮)ofskinisstratifiedsquamousepithelium;theepitheliumofbladderistransitionalepithelium.4.Specializationsoffreesurfaceofepitheliumincludecellcoat;microvillus(微绒毛);cilium(纤毛);microruga(微皱壁).5.Themicrovillusofsmallintestineiscalledstriatedborder(纹状缘),themicrovillusofrenaltubuleiscalledbrushborder(刷状缘).6.Thesecretionofendocrineglandsishormone(激素).7.Accordingtothefibers,cartilagecanbeclassifiedashyalinecartilage,elasticcartilageandfibrocartilage.8.Cellsinbonetissueincludeosteocytes(骨细胞),osteoprogenitorcells(骨原细胞),osteoblast(成骨细胞)andosteoclasts(破骨细胞).9.Inbloodtherearethreekindsofgranulocytes(有粒白细胞):
neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞),eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)andbasophil(嗜碱性粒细胞),10.Inbloodtherearetwokindsofagranulocytes(无粒白细胞):
lympocyte(淋巴细胞),,monocyte(单核细胞),11.Inmammalandfishbloodplatelet(血小板)andthrombocyte(血栓细胞),areinvolvedinbloodclottingrespectively.12.Musclecelliscalledmusclefiberandthemembraneofmusclecellisalsocalledsarcolemma(肌膜),13.Nisslbodies(尼氏体)arebasophilicmaterials;inelectronmicroscopetheyarecomposedofRERandfreeribosome.14.Nervetissueconsistsofneuronandglialcell(胶质细胞)15.Theprocessesofneuronincludedendrite(树突)andaxon(轴突)16.Therearetwokindsofnerveending:
sensorynerveending(receptor)(感觉神经末梢)andmotornerveending.(运动神经末梢)三、单项选择题1.Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumisdistributedin(A)A.trachea(气管)B.renaltubuleC.bladder(膀胱)D.intestine2.Themostcommoncellinlooseconnectivetissueis(C)A.fatcellB.mastcell肥大细胞C.fibroblast成纤维细胞D.plasmacell浆细胞3.Whichonehastheabilityofphagocytose?
(B)A.fibroblastB.macrophage巨噬细胞C.fatcellD.plasmacell4.Thecellthatcansynthesizesandsecreteimmunoglobulin(orantibody)is(D)A.fibrocyte纤维细胞B.macrophageC.pigmentcell色素细胞D.plasmacell5.Simplecuboidalepitheliumisdistributedin(B)A.tracheaB.renaltubuleC.bladderD.intestine6.Whichoneisnotthespecializationoffreesurfaceofepithelium?
(D)A.cellcoatB.microvillusC.ciliumD.flagellum(鞭毛)7.Whichoneisnotfoundinlooseconnectivetissue?
(C)A.macrophagesB.leukocytes白细胞C.redbloodcellD.plasmacell,8.Sacromere(肌节)is(A)A.1/2Iband+Aband+1/2IbandB.1/2Aband+Iband+1/2AbandC.1/2Iband+1/2Aband+1/2IbandD.Iband+Aband+Iband9.Nerveimpulseisconductedthrough(B)A.Ranviernode(郎飞结)B.axilemma(轴膜)C.Synapse(突轴)D.myelinshelth(髓鞘)10.WhichoneisnotthefunctionofGlialcell?
(D)A.supportingB.protectionC.repairingD.impulseconduction11.Argyrophilicfiber(嗜银纤维)is(C)A.collagenousfiberB.elasticfiberC.reticularfiberD.nervefiber12.Whichonehasnonucleus?
(B)A.neuronB.erythrocyte红细胞ofmammalsC.erythrocyteoffishD.monocyte13.Macrophagederivesfrom(A)A.monocyte单核细胞B.Blymphocyte淋巴细胞C.TlymphocyteD.basophile四、多项选择题1.Gobletcellsarefoundin(AD)A.tracheaB.renaltubuleC.bladderD.intestine2.Thecellsthathavetheabilityofphagocytizeare(ACD)A.osteoclast破骨细胞B.fibroblastC.monocyteD.macrophage3.Thecellsthathavemorethanonenucleusare(AD)A.osteoclast破骨细胞B.fibroblastC.mastcellD.skeletalmusclecell4.Fibersinlooseconnectivetissueare(ABC)A.collagenousfiberB.elasticfiberC.reticularfiberD.nervefiber5.Thecellsthatcansynthesizecollagenousfiberare(ABCD)A.osteoblastB.fibroblastC.smoothmusclecellD.chondrocyte6.Thefibersthathavecrossstriationare(ABCD)A.collagenousfiberB.smoothmusclefiberC.skeletalmusclefiberD.cardiacmusclefiber五、判断题1.PASisshortforPeriodicAcidSchiff,whichisamethodtostainsugar.()2.Intheepidermisoffishthereisakindofmucuscell.()3.Thereisnonucleusinmatureredbloodcellsofmammalsandfishes.()4.PlasmacellderivesfromTlymphocyte.().5.Thesecretionsofexocrineglandsandendocrineglandsareallcalledhormones.()6.Allmusclesthathavecrossstriationarevoluntarymuscle.()7.Fibroblastsandfibrocytesarethesametypeofcellsindifferentactivestation.()六、简答题1.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofcoveringepithelium.1)Coveringepitheliumiscomposedofcloselyaggregatedcellswithverylittleextracellularsubstanceandformcellularsheets.2)Polarity:
coveringepithelialtissueshaveafreesurface,whichfacesairorotherthings,andabasalsurfacethatrestsonabasementmembraneandfacesunderlyingconnectivetissue.3)Therearenobloodvesselsincoveringepithelium;allnutrientsmustpassoutofthebasementmembranefromtheunderlyingconnectivetissue.4)Coveringepitheliumisrichinnerveends.5)Thecellsofcoveringepitheliumarerenewedcontinuouslybymeansofmitoticactivity.6)Havefunctionsofprotection,secretion,absorptionandsensoryreception.2.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofconnectivetissue.1)Cellsinconnectivetissuearerelativelysmallinnumberbutrichintype2)Theextracellularmatrixisgenerallythedominantcomponent.3)Theextracellulariscomposedoffibersandamorphousgroundsubstance.4)Allconnectivetissuesoriginatefrommesenchyme-theembryonalCT5)Cellslineirregularlyandinnodirection.6)Havefunctionsofconnection,supporting,protecting,nourish,defendingandrepairing3.Pleasewriteoutthecellsandfibersoflooseconnectivetissue.1)Cells:
fibroblast,macrophage,plasmacell,mastcell,fatcell,undifferentiatedmesenchymacellandleukocyte2)Fibers:
collagenousfiber,elasticfiber,andreticularfiber.4.Pleasewriteoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthreekindsofmuscletissues.skeletalmusclecardiacmusclesmoothmuscleshapeofcellslongcylindricalshortcolumnelongated,spindlenumberofnucleusmany1-21crossstriationhavehavenothaveintercalateddiscnothavehavenothavevoluntaryornotvoluntaryinvoluntaryinvoluntarycontractionstrong,quickanddiscontinuousstrong,quickandcontinuousweak,slowandcontinuousdistributionhead,trunkandthefourlimbs四肢Heart,theproximalportionoflargevesselthewallofviscera七、填图题Figure1Diagramofpseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium1cilium2gobletcell3columnarcell4basalcell(orpyra
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