阅读文章及翻译.docx
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阅读文章及翻译.docx
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阅读文章及翻译
Text1
Thereisnodoubtthatadults,andevenhighlyeducatedadults,varygreatlyinthespeedandefficiencyoftheirreading.Someproceedveryslowlythroughout;othersdashalongtooquicklyandthenhavetoregress.
Poorreadersinparticularmaylacktheabilitytovarytheirmannerofreadingaccordingtothetypeofreadingmatterandtotheirintentionsinreadingit.Agoodreadercanmoveatgreatspeedthroughthetextofanovelorsimilarlightreadingmatter.Hemaybeabletoskimapage,pickingupawordortwohereandthere,andgainageneralideaofwhatthetextisaboutwithoutreallyreadingit.Inreadingmoredifficultmaterial,withtheintentionoftakinginthewholeofit,hewillproceedmoreslowly,buteventhenhewillvaryhispace,concentratingonthekeywordsandpassages,perhapsre-readingthemseveraltimes,andpassmorequicklyovertheremainder.Alessefficientreadertendstomaintainthesamespeedwhatevermaterialhereads.Consequently,evenlightreadingmattergiveshimlittlepleasurebecausehereadssoslowly.Butthispacemaybetoofastforreallydifficultmaterialwhichrequiresspecialconcentrationatdifficultpoints.
Atypeofreadingwhichnecessitatescarefulattentiontodetailisproofreading,inwhichthereader,inordertodetectmisprintsinasampleprint,hastonoticenotsomuchthemeaningofwhathereadsastheexactshapeandorderoflettersandwordsinthetext.Thisisextremelydifficultformostpeoplesincetheyareaccustomedtooverlookingsuchdetails.Infact,considerablepracticeisrequiredtopractisethistaskefficientlyanditcanbedoneonlybyreadingveryslowly,andbypayingcomparativelylittleattentiontothegeneralmeaningofthetext.(316words)
1.Theauthorclaimsthatthereisadifferenceinreadingspeed
[A]amongallreaders.
[B]amongdifferenthighlyeducatedonly.
[C]amongdifferentpoorlyeducatedadultsonly.
[D]betweenthepoorlyeducatedandthehighlyeducated.
2.Agoodreaderisareaderwho
[A]alwaysreadsslowlybutcarefully.
[B]concentratesonthekeywordsonly.
[C]changeshisspeedaccordingtothekindoftext.
[D]changeshisspeedaccordingtohislikingforthebook.
3.Theauthorsaysthatwhenreadinganovel,agoodreadercanquicklyread
[A]everypartofthebook.
[B]theminorpartofthebook.
[C]themajorpartofthebook.
[D]thesignificantpassagesinthebook.
4.Thelasttwosentencesofthesecondparagraphmeanthatareadingspeed
[A]tooslowforadifficultbookisjustrightforanon-seriousone.
[B]tooslowforanon-seriousbookmaybetoofastforadifficultone.
[C]tooslowforanon-seriousbookisalsotooslowforadifficultone.
[D]toofastfordifficultmaterialisjustrightforanon-seriousbook.
5.Inordertodetectmisprintsinasampleprint,aproofreaderhasto
[A]understandthetextfully.
[B]havepracticeinefficiency.
[C]paylittleattentiontothegeneralmeaningofthetext.
[D]grasptheshapeandorderoflettersandwordsashereads.
WordsandExpressions
thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问…。
adultn.成年人
varyvi./vt.(=bedifferent)改变,变化:
Theweightofabodyvarieswithlatitudeandaltitude,itsmassdoesnot.物体的重量随所处的纬度和高度而变化,而质量则与此无关。
ThejobenablesmetovarythehoursIwork.这项工作使我能够调整工作时间。
[同根词]variationn.变化,变动。
varietyn.种类,品种。
成语avarietyof种种,多种多样。
variousadj.各种各样的;不同的。
variable易变的。
efficiencyn.效率:
Sheadmiredhisefficiency.她钦佩他的效率。
[同根词]efficientadj.有效率的,效率很高的:
Ourefficientnewmachinesaremuchcheapertorun.我们的新机器效能良好,用起来省钱得很。
proceedvi.1.向前走,继续前进:
Proceedtothenextlight,thenturnleft.继续前进到下一个灯,然后往左拐。
2.接着(做某事),开始进行,继续进行:
Assoonashecamein,heproceededtotellusallhistroubles.他一进来就接着将所有烦恼讲给我们听。
3.进行,进展:
Theexperimentisproceedingasplanned.实验按计划进行。
[同根词]proceedingn.1.进程。
2.[pl.]商业活动:
Thenecessaryproceedingshavebeenbegunforthecombiningofthetwofirms.合并这两家公司所需做的工作已经开始进行了。
3.诉讼:
start[take]proceedingsagainstsb.开始起诉某人。
dashv.(=runquicklyandsuddenly)猛冲,奔驰:
Thedogdashedaftertherabbit.这狗猛追兔子。
Imustdash(off)tocatchatrain.我必须冲去赶火车。
regressvi.退回。
inparticular尤其,特别。
intentionn.意图,本来的想法。
[同根词]intendvt.(=plan,meantodo)打算,有心,有…的意图:
Iintendedtocometoyourhouselastnightbutitrained.(我打算昨天晚上来你家,但天下雨了。
)well-intentionedadj.用心好的。
intentionaladj.故意的,蓄意的。
skimvt.浏览,略读:
Iskimmed(through)themagazinefortheinterestingarticles.我浏览杂志寻找有意思的文章。
pickup(尤指偶然或无意地)得到,获得,找到,学到(语言、技能、习惯、想法、书本等):
Whilelivingthere,shepickedupthelocalaccent.他在那里居住时,学会了地方口音。
hereandthere随处。
takein(=understand)理解,领会:
HalfwaythroughthechapterIrealizedIhadn’ttakenanythingin.这一章我读到一半才意识到我根本没有看懂。
tendv.趋向于,往往是:
Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
consequentlyadv.因此。
attentiontodetail无微不至;注意细节。
proofreadingn.校对。
detectvt.侦察;发现。
misprintn.印刷错误。
samplen.样品,标本。
notsomuch…as…与其说…,倒不如说…
beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事。
overlookv.1.俯望:
Ourroomoverlookedthesea.我们的房间俯瞰着大海。
2.忽视,忽略,没看到:
Ioverlookedthisproblemandshallhavetotackleitnow.我曾忽略这个问题,现在得处理它。
3.原谅,宽恕,不计较:
Myfault,Madam:
Ihopeyou’lloverlookit.我的错,太太,我希望你会原谅。
Text1参考译文
毫无疑问,成人,甚至受过高等教育的成人,他们的阅读速度和阅读效率大不相同。
有些人读得很慢;而有些人一目十行,然后又得回头再看。
阅读差的人尤其可能缺乏能力按读物类型和阅读目的来调整他们的阅读方法。
优秀的阅读者能够以很快的速度读完一部小说或类似的消遣性读物。
他能够一目十行浏览,时而注意一两个单词,然后掌握了全文的大意,而用不着从头至尾细读。
在阅读难度更大的材料时,为了吃透全文意思,他会降低阅读速度,但即使这样,他也会变换阅读速度,把注意力集中在关键词和关键段落上,或许会来回读几遍,而对其余部分一带而过。
阅读效率较差的人不管读什么往往会保持同一速度。
因此,即使消遣性读物也不会给他多少乐趣,因为他读得太慢。
但是对于真正难的材料这种速度可能太快,因为难度大的材料需要专门注意难点。
需要仔细注意细节的一种阅读就是校对。
校对者为了发现校样中的印刷错误与其说必须注意所读材料的含义,倒不如说必须注意样稿中字母和单词的确切形态和次序。
这样做对于许多人来说是极其困难的,因为他们习惯于忽略这些细节。
实际上,要高效率地完成这种任务需要大量的实际操练,而且只有读得很慢并且不去注意文章的大意才能做好这件工作。
Text2
WhileitistruethatAmericansbelieveclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievementwhichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive,evenaggressive,personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.
TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.
Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthantheacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.
Studentgovernmentisanotherextracurricularactivitydesignedtodevelopcompetitive,politicalandsocialskillsinstudents.Thestudentschooseanumberofstudentgovernmentofficers,whocompeteforthevotesoftheirfellowstudentsinschoolwideelections.Althoughtheseofficershavelittlepoweroverthecentraldecisionsoftheschool,theprocessofrunningforofficeandthentakingresponsibilityforanumberofminormattersifelectedisseenasgoodexperienceindevelopingtheirleadershipandcompetitiveskills.
AthleticsandstudentgovernmentareonlytwoofavarietyofextracurricularactivitiesfoundinAmericanschools.Thereareclubsandactivitiesforalmosteverystudentinterest,allaimedathelpingthestudenttobecomemoresuccessfulinlaterlife.Manyparentswatchtheirchildren'sextracurricularactivitieswithasmuchinterestandconcernastheydotheirchildren'sintellectualachievementsintheclassroom.(304words)
1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat
[A]Americansconcentratesolelyonextracurricularactivities.
[B]outsideclassinterestsareimportantadditiontoeducation.
[C]Americanswanttogotocollegeandtosucceedinthefuture.
[D]Americanshavemoretimetodevelopinterestsoutsideclass.
2.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantextracurricularactivityespeciallyforaboywouldbe
[A]winningspirit.[B]joiningthefootballorbaseballteam.
[C]beingastudentofficer.[D]beingpresidentoftheStudents’Club.
3.Thereasonwhyextracurricularactivitiesareimportantisprobablythat
[A]societyiscomposedofmanyothersocialskills.
[B]Americansattachgreatsignificancetosports.
[C]educationshouldbeinterestingandinstructive.
[D]everyoneshouldknowsomethingaboutsocietyandpolitics.
4.Accordingtothepassage,"climbingtheeducationalladder"mostprobablymeans
[A]runningforstudentgovernmentofficers.
[B]participatinginextracurricularactivities.
[C]winninghighratingsinschoolexaminations.
[D]developingyouracademiceducationstepbystep.
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe
[A]StudentsShouldBothStudyandWork.
[B]AmericanSchoolSystemsandTheirFunctions.
[C]JustStudyingIsn’tAlwaystheWaytoSuccess.
[D]ParentsShouldTakeInterestinTheirChildrensSchoolActivities.
WordsandExpressions
laddern.梯子。
extracurricularadj.课程外的。
aggressiveadj.侵略的,侵犯的;咄咄逼人的;有进取心的。
extendvt./vi.1.伸出(手臂等),展开(翅膀):
HerefusedtotakethehandIextendedinfriendship.他拒绝握我伸出去的友谊之手。
2.延伸,延续,继续:
Theroadextendsformiles.这条路延伸几英里。
3.(=prolong)延长,扩大:
Weextendedourvisit.我们延长了访问。
4.给予(欢迎,帮助等):
toextendawarmwelcometohim对他给予热烈的欢迎。
[同根词]extensionn.扩大;延长;电话分机。
extensiveadj.广泛的,广阔的,巨大的:
makeextensivecontactswith与…进行广泛接触。
[反义词]intensiveadj.集中的,彻底的,强烈的。
athleticsn.体育。
[同根词]athleten.运动员。
athleticadj.体育运动的。
academicprogram学校课程。
competefor…竞争得到…。
runfor竞选。
minoradj.次要的,不重要的。
asmuc
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