考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

2021考研英语一真题及答案

20__年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试　　英语

（一）试题　　SectionⅠUseofEnglish　　Directions:

Readthefollogte_t.

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.

（10points）

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.

Wesuddenlycan＇tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance＇sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.

Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.“3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（an）4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.

Neuroscientists,e_pertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshogthatthere＇sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.

It6outthatthebrainneedse_erciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.

Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.

Toacertaine_tent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.

11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecane_pandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-basedpanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram“designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.

TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.

Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.

Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea（n）20e_erciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why　　2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses　　3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While　　4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure　　5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook　　6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures　　7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations　　8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion　　9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process　　10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]e_cel[D]feature　　11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However　　12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof　　13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around　　14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]fle_ibility　　15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows　　16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace　　17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on　　18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually　　19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take　　20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar　　SectionⅡReadingprehension　　PartA　　Directions：

Readthefollogfourte_ts.

Answerthequestionsaftereachte_tbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

（40points）

Te_t1　　Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheE_chequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.

OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.

Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

　　Morearentreasonablenessfollowed.

Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.

“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.

“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?

Really?

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,pletewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.

Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingtheta_payer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourinefromthegenerousstate.

Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalande_traordinarilyhardtoget.

Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalande_traordinarilyhardtoget.

Youarenownotwanted;youarenowe_cludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.

Worse,thecrucialinetofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdiseared.

Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.

Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhened.

TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhens.

Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.

Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.

GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto___________.

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.

22.

Thephrase“tosignon”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans　　[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

23.

Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

　　[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessforta_payers.

24.

AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel　　[A]uneasy.

[B]enraged.

[C]insulted.

[D]guilty.

25.

Towhichofthefollogwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

　　[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

Te_t2　　Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossiblee_ceptionofjournalism.

ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforplaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.

Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.

Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.

Manyoftheminsteadbeethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.

Oneisthee_cessivecostsofalegaleducation.

ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof20__

lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandane_pensivepreparationforthebare_am.

Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtonofundergraduatedebts.

Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.

Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.

Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.

Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.

Ifthebare_amistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.

Studentswhodonotneedthee_tratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.

E_ceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.

Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.

Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allognon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.

Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.

Americashouldfollow.

26.

Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto　　[A]thegrogdemandfromclients.

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

27.

WhichofthefollogaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

　　[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsrovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

28.

Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfr