土木外文文献与翻译新奥法NATM隧道设计剖析.docx
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土木外文文献与翻译新奥法NATM隧道设计剖析.docx
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土木外文文献与翻译新奥法NATM隧道设计剖析
NATMtunneldesignprincipleintheconstructionofmajorandConstructionTechnology
W.Broere
I.TheNATMDesignPrinciple
1.Tunneldesignandconstructionoftwomajortheoreticalanddevelopmentprocess
Sincethe20thcentury,humanspaceonthegroundfloorofthegrowingdemand,thustheundergroundworksofthestudyofarapiddevelopment.Inalargenumberofundergroundengineeringpractice,itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthetunnelandundergroundcavernproject,thecoreoftheproblem,allupintheexcavationandretainingtwokeyprocesses.Howexcavation,itwillbemoreconducivetothestabilityandcavernfacilitatesupport:
Formoresupport,Supportinghowtheycanmoreeffectivelyensurestabilityandfacilitatethecavernexcavation.Thisisthetunnelsandundergroundworkstwopromoteeachotherandcheckeachother'sproblems.
Tunnelsandundergroundcaverns,andfocusingonthecoreissueswiththeabovepracticeandresearch,indifferentperiods,Peopleofdifferenttheoriesandgraduallyestablishedasystemofdifferenttheories,Eachsystemincludestheoryandresolve(orarestudyingtheresolution)fromtheworksofunderstanding(concept),mechanics,engineeringmeasurestotheconstructionmethods(Technology),aseriesofengineeringproblems.
Atheoryofthe20thcenturythe1920sthetraditional"loadrelaxationtheory."Itscorecontentis:
astablerockself-stability,noload:
unstablerockmayhavecollapsed.needshoringstructuretobesupported.Thus,theroleofthesupportingstructureoftherockloadiswithinacertainrangemaybeduetorelaxationandcollapseofrockgravity.Thisisatraditionaltheory,andtheirrepresentativeisTaishajiandPrincipe'sandothers.Itworkssimilartothesurfaceissuesofthethinkingisstillwidelyusedto.
Anothertheoryofthe20thcenturymadethe1950sthemoderntheoryoftimberingor"rockforthetheory."Itscorecontentis:
rockstabilityisclearlybearingrocktotheirownself-stability:
unstablerocklossofstabilityisaprocess,andifthisprocessinprovidingthenecessaryhelporrestrictionswillstillbeabletoentertherocksteadystate.ThistheoreticalsystemofrepresentativecharactersLabuxiweici,Miller-Feiqieer,Fenner-DaluoboandKashitenaiothers.Thisisamoremoderntheory,itisalreadyoutofthegroundworkstoconsidertheideas,andundergroundworksclosertoreality,thepast50yearshasbeenwidelyacceptedandapplied.demonstratedbroaddevelopmentprospects.
Canbeseenfromtheabove,theformertheorymoreattentiontothefindingsandtheresultsoftreatment:
Thelattertheoryisevenmoreattentiontotheprocessandthecontroloftheprocess,rightfromtherockforthefullutilizationofcapacity.Giventhisdistinction,whichboththeoryandmethodsintheprocess,eachwithdifferentperformancecharacteristics.NATMtheoryisrockforthetunnelengineeringpracticeintherepresentationmethod.
2.NATM
NATMthatthenewAustrianTunnelingMethodshorttheoriginalisinNewAustrianTunnelingMethod,referredtoastheNATM.Francesaiditconvergenceboundorsomecountriesallegedtoobservethedynamicdesignandconstructionofthebasicprinciples.
NATMconceptoffilibusteringXiweiciAustriascholarsinthe20thcentury,Professorageof50.Itwasbasedontheexperienceofboththetunnelandrockmechanicstheory,willboltandshotcretecombinationasamajormeansofsupportingaconstructionmethod,Austria,Sweden,Italyandothercountries,manypracticalandtheoreticalstudyinthe1960sandpatentedofficiallynamed.FollowingthisapproachinWesternEurope,Scandinavia,theUnitedStatesandJapanandmanyotherundergroundworkswithaveryrapiddevelopment,havebecomemoderntunnelsnewtechnologieslandmark.Nearly40yearsago,therailwaysectorthroughresearch,design,constructioncombining,inmanyconstructionofthetunnel,accordingtotheirowncharacteristicssuccessfullyappliedanewAustrianlaw,mademoreexperience,haveaccumulatedlargeamountsofdata,Thisistheapplicationstage.However,intheroadsectorNATMofonly50%.Currently,theNewAustrianTunnelingMethodalmostbecomeweakandbrokenrocksectionofatunnelconstructionmethod,technicalandeconomicbenefitsareclear.NATMthebasicpointscanbesummarizedasfollows:
(1).Rocktunnelstructureisthemainloadingunit,theconstructionmustfullyprotecttherock,itminimizethedisturbancetoavoidexcessivedamagetotheintensityofrock.Tothisend,theconstructionofsub-sectionshouldnotblocktoomuch,excavationshouldbeusedsmoothblasting,presplitblastingormechanicaltunneling.
(2).Inordertogivefullplaytorockthecarryingcapacityshouldbeallowedtocontrolandrockdeformation.Whileallowingdeformation,whichcanbearockbearingring;Theotherhand,havetolimitit,Rockisnotsolaxandexcessivelossorgreatlyreducedcarryingcapacity.Duringconstructionshouldbeusedwithrockcloseto,thetimelybuildingpuzzlekeepsstrengtheningFlexiblesupportstructure,suchasboltingandshotcretingsupporting.Thisadjustmentwillbeadoptedsupportingstructuralstrength,Stiffnessanditsparticipationintheworkofthetime(includingtheclosureoftime)tocontrolthedeformationoftherockmass.
(3).Inordertoimprovethesupportstructure,themechanicalproperties,theconstructionshouldbeclosedassoonaspossible,andtobecomeaclosedcylindricalstructure.Inaddition,thetunnelshapewitharoundshould,asfaraspossible,toavoidthecornerofthestressconcentration.
(4).Constructionrightthroughtherockandsupportingthedynamicobservation,measurement,andreasonablearrangementsfortheconstructionprocedures,changesinthedesignandconstructionmanagementoftheday-to-day.
(5).Tolaywaterprooflayer,orissubjecttoboltcorrosion,deteriorationofrockproperties,rheological,swellingcausedbythefollow-uptoload,usecompositelining.
(6).Lininginprinciple,andtheearlyrockdeformationSupportingthebasicstabilityoftheconditionsunderconstruction.rockandsupportingstructureintoawhole,therebyimprovingthesupportsystemofsecurity.
NATMabovethebasicelementscanbebrieflysummarizedas:
"lessdisturbance,earlysprayanchor,groundmeasurements,closedtight."
3.WithaspringtounderstandtheprincipleNATM
(1).CavernbrinkofapointAintheoriginalexcavationagowithstress(stressself-respectandtectonicstress)inastateofequilibrium.AsanelasticstiffnessofthespringK,P0undercompressioninastateofequilibrium.
(2).Cavernexcavation,Apointinattackinglosefaceconstraints,theoriginalstressstatetobeadjusted,iftheintensityofrockbigenough,Afterlessstressadjustmentsmaycaverninastablecondition(withoutsupport).Butmostofthegeologicalconditionsofthepoor,thatis,afterthestresscavernadjustments,suchasweakprotection,wecouldhaveconvergencedeformation,eveninstability(landslides),mustbeprovidedtosupportpowerPE,inordertopreventlandslidesinstability.EquivalenttotheSpringofdeformationu,intheroleofPEisnowinthemidstofastateofequilibrium.
(3).Bythemechanicalbalanceequation,wecanseeinthespringP0roleinastateofequilibrium;Springintheeventofdeformationu,PEintheroletheywillbeinequilibrium,assumingspringelasticityofK,were:
P0=PE+Ku
Discussion:
(1)Whenu=0,thatisnotallowedP0=PErockdeformation,isarigidsupport,noteconomic;
(2)whenu↑,PE↓;Whenu↓,PE↑.Thatis,rockdeformationoccurred,thereleaseofsomeoftheload(unloading),weshouldallowsomeextentrockdeformation,togivefullplaytorockthecapacityforself.Isaneconomicsupportmeasures,therockself-stabilityP=P0-PE=Ku;
(3)Whenu=umax,landslides,haverelaxationloadandunsafe.
4.Points
(1).Rockcavernexcavationisaffectedbythatpartofrock(soil)body,therockisatrinity:
havealoadbearingstructure,buildingmaterials.
(2).Tunnelconstructionisintherockstressisofspecialarchitecturalenvironment,whichcannotbeequatedwiththeconstructionontheground.
(3).Tunnelstructurerock+=bracingsystem.
II.ThenewAustrianhighwayconstructioninthebasicmethod
NATMoneofthecharacteristicsisthescenemonitoring,measurementinformationtoguideconstruction,throughthetunnelconstructionmeasurereceiptsandexcavationofthegeologicalobservationforpredictionandfeedback.Andinaccordancewiththeestablishedbenchmarkformeasuringthetunnelconstruction,excavationsectionstepsandsequences,Supportingtheinitialparametersforreasonableadjustmentstoguaranteethesafetyofconstruction,atunnelrockstability,thequalityoftheprojectandsupportingstructureoftheeconomyandsoon.Theauthorofcommitments(Chengde)Chek(Chifeng)EastMaojingbaTunnelNATMbasicconstructionmethodforinvestigationconcluded,synthesisofanewhighwaytunnelNatmtheselectionofdifferenttypesandthebasiccharacteristicsoftheconstructionmethodsandtips.
1.Atunnelconstructionmethodofchoicetunnelconstructionmethodofchoice,mainlybasedontheengineeringgeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditionsConstruction,rocktype,burieddeeptunnel,thetunnelsectionsizeandlengthliningtypes,Constructionshouldbethepremiseofsafetyandengineeringqualityatthecore,andwiththeuseofthetunnelfunction,thelevelofconstructiontechnology,Constructionmachineryandequipment,timerequirementsandeconomicfeasibilityoffactorstoconsiderinselection.
Whenchoosingthemethodfortunnelconstructiononthesurroundingenvironmentnegativelyaffected,
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