Malcolm X The Ballot or the Bullet.docx
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Malcolm X The Ballot or the Bullet.docx
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MalcolmXTheBallotortheBullet
选票还是子弹(MalcolmX:
TheBallotortheBullet)
马尔科姆·艾克斯于1925年出生在美国内布拉斯加州东部的奥马哈市,少年时期是个不学无术的街头混混,贩毒、吸毒、滥交、抢劫、杀人几乎无恶不作。
终于自食恶果,被抓入监狱。
入狱后,他居然从看字典开始,学习了世界历史,哲学,政治,自然科学等方面的知识,并参加了黑色穆斯林组织。
出狱后,他投身黑人运动,成为声望仅次于马丁·路德·金的黑人运动领袖。
马尔科姆原是穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”的头领,他到处发表演讲,强调族裔对立,把什么事都往种族冲突上拉,煽动黑人对白人的仇恨。
到后来他醒悟、放弃暴力、并和腐败的教主进行抗衡,不再强调仇恨;而是追求黑人和白人之间的沟通、理解、博爱,但却遭到自己原先效忠的组织的暗杀。
宗教带给他强大的力量,他所表现出的永远是那么坚强、自信;他的言行举止永远显示出他的火一般的激情和永不言败的信念。
他的生命充满了斗争与愤怒,但同时又涌动着热情与博爱。
马尔科姆总能够用犀利的语言,针针见血地击中问题的要害。
此篇演讲发表于1964年4月3日,此前的1964年3月,马尔科姆与极端派的黑色穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”决裂。
此演讲发表后短短10个月的1965年2月21日,在曼哈顿奥特朋舞厅的一个报告会上,“伊斯兰民族”组织派出的三名歹徒连开15枪残忍地杀害了马尔科姆。
It’llbethetheballotorit’llbethebullet.It’llbelibertyorit’llbedeath.Andifyou’renotreadytopaythatpricedon’tusethewordfreedominyourvocabulary.
是选票还是子弹。
是自由还是死亡。
如果你还没有准备付出代价,那么就请不要说什么自由。
演讲全文:
TheBallotortheBullet/MalcolmX
Mr.Moderator,ReverendCleage,BrotherLomax,brothersandsisters,andfriendsandIseesomeenemies.Infact,Ithinkwe’dbefoolingourselvesifwehadanaudiencethislargeanddidn’trealizethatthereweresomeenemiespresent.
Thisafternoonwewanttotalkabouttheballotorthebullet.Theballotorthebulletexplainsitself.Butbeforewegetintoit,sincethisistheyearoftheballotorthebullet,Iwouldliketoclarifysomethingsthatrefertomepersonally--concerningmyownpersonalposition.
I'mstillaMuslim.Thatis,myreligionisstillIslam.MyreligionisstillIslam.IstillcreditMr.MohammedforwhatIknowandwhatIam.He’stheonewhoopenedmyeyes.Atpresent,I'mtheMinisterofthenewlyfoundedMuslimMosque,IncorporatedwhichhasitsofficesintheTeresaHotel,rightintheheartofHarlem--that’stheblackbeltinNewYorkcity.AndwhenwerealizethatAdamClaytonPowellisaChristianminister,he’sthe--heheadsAbyssinianBaptistChurch,butatthesametime,he’smorefamousforhispoliticalstruggling.
AndDr.KingisaChristianMinister,inAtlanta–orfromAtlantaGeorgia--orinAtlanta,Georgia,buthe’sbecomemorefamousforbeinginvolvedinthecivilrightsstruggle.There’sanotherinNewYork,ReverendGalamison--Idon’tknowifyou’veheardofhimouthere–he’saChristianMinisterfromBrooklyn,buthasbecomefamousforhisfightagainstasegregatedschoolsysteminBrooklyn.ReverendClee,righthere,isaChristianMinister,hereinDetroit.He’stheheadofthe“FreedomNowParty.”
AlloftheseareChristianMinisters--AlloftheseareChristianMinisters,buttheydon’tcometousasChristianMinisters.Theycometousasfightersinsomeothercategory.
I’maMuslimminister--thesameastheyareChristianMinisters--I’maMuslimminister.AndIdon’tbelieveinfightingtodayinanyonefront,butonallfronts.
Infact,I’mablackNationalistFreedomFighter.
Islamismyreligion,butIbelievemyreligionismypersonalbusiness.Itgovernsmypersonallife,mypersonalmorals.AndmyreligiousphilosophyispersonalbetweenmeandtheGodinwhomIbelieve;justasthereligiousphilosophyoftheseothersisbetweenthemandtheGodinwhomtheybelieve.
Andthisisbestthisway.Werewetocomeoutherediscussingreligion,we’dhavetoomanydifferencesfromtheoutstartandwecouldnevergettogether.Sotoday,thoughIslamismyreligiousphilosophy,mypolitical,economic,andsocialphilosophyisBlackNationalism.YouandI--AsIsay,ifwebringupreligionwe’llhavedifferences;we’llhavearguments;andwe’llneverbeabletogettogether.Butifwekeepourreligionathome,keepourreligioninthecloset,keepourreligionbetweenourselvesandourGod,butwhenwecomeouthere,wehaveafightthat’scommontoallofusagainsta[sic]enemywhoiscommontoallofus.
ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthattheblackmanshouldcontrolthepoliticsandthepoliticiansinhisowncommunity.The--Thetime--Thetimewhenwhitepeoplecancomeinourcommunityandgetustovoteforthemsothattheycanbeourpoliticalleadersandtelluswhattodoandwhatnottodoislonggone.
Bythesametoken,thetimewhenthatsamewhiteman,knowingthatyoureyesaretoofaropen,cansendanothernegrointothecommunityandgetyouandmetosupporthimsohecanusehimtoleadusastray--thosedaysarelonggonetoo.
ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatifyouandIaregoingtoliveinaBlackcommunity--andthat’swherewe’regoingtolive,causeassoonasyoumoveintooneoftheir--soonasyoumoveoutoftheBlackcommunityintotheircommunity,it’smixedforaperiodoftime,butthey’regoneandyou’rerightthereallbyyourselfagain.
Wemust--Wemustunderstandthepoliticsofourcommunityandwemustknowwhatpoliticsissupposedtoproduce.Wemustknowwhatpartpoliticsplayinourlives.Anduntilwebecomepoliticallymaturewewillalwaysbemislead,leadastray,ordeceivedormaneuveredintosupportingsomeonepoliticallywhodoesn’thavethegoodofourcommunityatheart.
SothepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwewillhavetocarryonaprogram,apoliticalprogram,ofre-educationtoopenourpeopleseyes,makeusbecomemorepoliticallyconscious,politicallymature,andthenwewill--wheneverwegetreadytocastourballotthatballot,willbecastforamanofthecommunitywhohasthegoodofthecommunityofheart.
TheeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatweshouldownandoperateandcontroltheeconomyofourcommunity.Youwouldneverfound--youcan’topenupablackstoreinawhitecommunity.Whitemenwon’tevenpatronizeyou.Andhe’snotwrong.He’sgotsenseenoughtolookoutforhimself.Youtheonewhodon’thavesenseenoughtolookoutforyourself.
Thewhiteman--Thewhitemanistoointelligenttoletsomeoneelsecomeandgaincontroloftheeconomyofhiscommunity.Butyouwillletanyonecomeinandtakecontroloftheeconomyofyourcommunity,controlthehousing,controltheeducation,controlthejobs,controlthebusinesses,underthepre-textthatyouwanttointegrate.No,yououttayourmind.
Thepolitical,theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwehavetobecomeinvolvedinaprogramofreeducationtoeducateourpeopleintotheimportanceofknowingthatwhenyouspendyourdollaroutofthecommunityinwhichyoulive,thecommunityinwhichyouspendyourmoneybecomesricherandricher;thecommunityoutwhichyoutakeyourmoneybecomespoorerandpoorer.
AndbecausetheseNegroes,whohavebeenmislead,misguided,arebreakingtheirneckstotaketheirmoneyandspenditwithTheMan,TheManisbecomingricherandricher,andyou’rebecomingpoorerandpoorer.Andthenwhathappens?
Thecommunityinwhichyoulivebecomesaslum.Itbecomesaghetto.Theconditionsbecomerundown.Andthenyouhavetheaudacitytocomplainaboutpoorhousinginarun-downcommunity.Whyyourunitdownyourselfwhenyoutakeyourdollarout.
AndyouandIareinthedouble-track,becausenotonlydowelosebytakingourmoneysomeplaceelseandspendingit,whenwetryandspenditinourowncommunitywe’retrappedbecausewehaven’thadsenseenoughtosetupstoresandcontrolthebusinessesofourowncommunity.Themanwho’scontrollingthestoresinourcommunityisamanwhodoesn’tlooklikewedo.He’samanwhodoesn’tevenliveinthecommunity.SoyouandI,evenwhenwetrytospendourmoneyintheblockwhereweliveortheareawherewelive,we’respendingitwithamanwho,whenthesungoesdown,takesthatbasketfullofmoneyinanotherpartofthetown.
Sowe’retrapped,trapped,double-trapped,triple-rapped.Anywherewegowefindthatwe’retrapped.Andeverykindofsolutionthatsomeonecomesupwithisjustanothertrap.ButthepoliticalandeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalism--theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismshowsourpeopletheimportanceofsettinguptheselittlestoresanddevelopingthemandexpandingthemintolargeroperations.Woolworthdidn’tstartoutbigliketheyaretoday.Theystartedoutwithadimestoreandexpandedandexpandedandthenexpandeduntiltoday,they’rearealloverthecountryandallovertheworld,andtheygettosomeofeverybody’smoney.
NowthisiswhatyouandI--GeneralMotorsissameway.Theydidn’tstartoutliketheyitis.Itstartedoutjustalittleratracetypeoperation.Anditexpandedanditexpandeduntiltodaywhereitisrightnow.AndyouandIhavetomakeastartandthebestplacetostartisrightinthecommunitywherewelive.
Soourpeoplenotonlyhavetobereeducatedtotheimportanceofsupportingblackbusiness,buttheblackmanhimselfhastobemadeawareoftheimportanceofgoingintobusiness.AndonceyouandIgointobusiness,weownandoperateatleastthebusinessesinourcommunity.Whatwewillbedoingisdevelopingasituationwhereinwewillactuallybeabletocreateemploymentforthepeopleinthecommunity.Andonceyoucancreatesomeemploymentinthecommunitywhereyouliveitwilleliminatethenecessityofyouandmehavingtoactignorantlyanddisgracefully,boycottingandpicketingsomepracticesomeplaceelsetryingtobeghimforajob.
Anytimeyouhavetorelyuponyourenemyforajob--you’reinbadshape.Whenyouhave--heisyourenemy.Letmetellyou,youwouldn’tbeinthiscountryifsomeenemyhadn’tkidnappedyouandbroughtyouhere.
Ontheotherhand,someofyouthinkyoucamehereontheMayflower.
Soasyoucanseebrothersandsisters,today--thisafternoon,itisnotourintentiontodiscussreligion.We’regoingtoforgetreligion.Ifwebringupreligion,we’llbeinanargument,andthebestwaytokeepawayfromargumentsand
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