情态动词用法.docx
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情态动词用法.docx
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情态动词用法
情态动词用法一览表
(be)ableto
ability,lessusedthancan
e.g.I’mnotabletocometothegameonFriday.
can
ability
e.g.Canyouplaythepiano?
askingforandgivingpermission
e.g.“Mom,canIgothecinematonight?
”
“No,youcan’t.Youhavehomeworktodo”
offer
e.g.CanIhelpyou?
request,instruction
e.g.Canyouswitchonthelightforme?
capability
e.g.ThesummersinEnglandcanbereallyunpredictable.
withbetomakecriticisms
e.g.Susancanbearealpainintheneckattimes.
can’t
ability
e.g.Ican’tcometothegameonFriday.
whenyoufeelsuresomethingisnotpossible(oppositeofmust)
e.g.Thetennismatchcan’tbeoveryet.(I’msureitisn’t).
could
possibilityoruncertainty(canalsousemight)
e.g.Hecouldbetheoneforyou!
request(morepolitethancan)
e.g.Couldyouswitchonthelightforme?
suggestion
e.g.Wecouldgoonapicnicthisafternoon.
askingforandgivingpermission
e.g.“CouldIuseyourphone?
”
“Yes,ofcourseyoucan”
unwillingness
e.g.Icouldn’tpossiblyleaveTomalonewhilehe’sinthisstate.
withcomparativeadjectivestoexpresspossibilityorimpossibility
e.g.Icouldbefitter.
e.g.Hecouldn’tstudyharder.
don’thaveto
whenyoudon’tneedtodosomething(butyoucanifyouwant)
e.g.Youdon’thavetogotoschoolifyoudon’twantto.
don’tneedto
notnecessarytodosomething(moreusedthanneedn’t)
e.g.Youdon’tneedtocometothepartyifyoudon’twantto.
hadbetter
strongadvice(lessusedthanshould)
e.g.You’dbetterdothewashingupnow.
e.g.I’dbetternotgoouttonight,becauseIhavetogetupearlytomorrow.
have(got)to
necessity,impersonal,notforpersonalfeelings,butforaruleorsituation.Ifyouareunsurewhethertousemustorhaveto,itisusuallysafertousehaveto.
e.g.Ihavetogetupearlytomorrowtocatchthetraintotheoffice.
may
toexpressalthoughinclauses
e.g.Imaybemarriedtoyou,butthatdoesn’tgiveyoutherighttotreatmelikedirt.
possibilityoruncertainty(formal)
e.g.TheremaybeacureforAIDSwithinthenexttenyears.
askingforandgivingpermission(lessusual,moreformal)
e.g.“MayIuseyourphone?
”
“Yes,ofcourseyoumay”
mayaswell/mightaswell
describestheonlythinglefttodo,somethingwhichthespeakerisnotenthusiasticabout
e.g.I’msobored,Imayaswelldosomehousework.
might
possibilityoruncertainty
e.g.TheremightbeacureforAIDSwithinthenexttenyears.
unrealsituation
e.g.IfIknewherbetter,Imightinvitehertotheball.
must
whenyoufeelsuresomethingistrue(oppositeofcan’t)
e.g.Thetennismatchmustbeoverbynow.(I’msureitis).
necessity,personalfeelings
e.g.Ihaven’tspokentoLizforages.Imustgiveheracall.
order,strongsuggestion
e.g.Youmuststopsmokingoryou’llgetlungcancer.
mustnot
prohibition(negativeorder)
e.g.Youmustnotleavethetableuntilyouhavefinishedyourdinner.
need
asanormalverb
e.g.Doyouneedmetohelpyou?
inquestions(lessusual)
e.g.Needyoumakesomuchmess?
needn’t
notnecessarytodosomething(unusual)
e.g.Youneedn’tcometothepartyifyoudon’twantto.
oughtto
expectation(canuseshould)
e.g.IfyoulikePicasso,yououghttoenjoytheexhibition.
recommendation(canuseshould)
e.g.Yououghttohavemoredrivinglessonsbeforeyoutakethetest.
criticism(canuseshould)
e.g.Yououghtnottoshoutatyourmotherlikethat.
shall
certaintyordesire(mainlyBritishEnglish)
e.g.IshallgiveupchocolateforLent.
informalrulesandregulations(mainlyBritishEnglish)
e.g.Racismorsexismshallnotbetoleratedinthisbuilding.
inquestionstoaskforinstructionsanddecisions,andtomakeoffersandsuggestions(mainlyBritishEnglish)
e.g.WhatshallIdo?
Whenshallwecomeandseeyou?
Shallwegotothecinemathisevening?
shan’t
certainty(lessusual,mostlyBritishEnglish)
e.g.Ishan’tbelateforthemeeting.
should
expectation(canuseoughtto)
e.g.IfyoulikePicasso,youshouldenjoytheexhibition.
suggestion,advice,opinion(canuseoughtto)
e.g.Youshouldhavemoredrivinglessonsbeforeyoutakethetest.
whensomethingisnotrightorasyouexpectit
e.g.Thepriceonthiscanofbeansiswrong.Itshouldsay$1.20,not$2.20.
criticism(canuseoughtto)
e.g.Youshouldn’tshoutatyourmotherlikethat.
uncertainty
e.g.ShouldIaskheroutonadate?
should+wordsofthinking,tomakeanopinionlessdirect
e.g.Ishouldthinkhecouldfindamorecompatiblematch.
withbeandadjectivesdescribingchance,includingodd,strange,typical,natural,interesting,surprised,surprising,funny(=odd)andWhatacoincidence.
e.g.It’soddthatheshouldaskyousomanypersonalquestions.
afterincasetoemphasiseunlikelihood
e.g.I’mnotgoingouttonightincasesheshouldcallme.
If…..should
e.g.IfJaneshoulddropbywhenIamout,tellhertocomebacklater.
politeorderorinstruction
e.g.Applicationsshouldbesentby3rdJanuary.
will
assumption
e.g.Oh,that’llbeJohnonthephone.
request(canandcouldaremorecommon)
e.g.Willyougototheshopforme?
intentionorwillingness
e.g.“I’lltakegran’spearlsthen”.
“Youwon’t!
”
“Iwill!
”
order
e.g.Willyoupleaseshutup?
insistence
e.g.“Iwon’tcleanmyroom!
”
“Yesyouwill!
”
habitsandtypicalbehaviour
e.g.Sarahwillsitandgazeatthestarsallnight.
criticism
e.g.Shewilldrinktoomuchwhenshegoesout.
won’t
emphaticallyforbidanaction,inresponsetoawillexpression
e.g.“I’lltakegran’spearlsthen”.
“Youwon’t!
”
“Iwill!
”
refusal
e.g.“Iwon’tcleanmyroom!
”
“Yesyouwill!
”
would
request(canandcouldaremorecommon)
e.g.Wouldyougototheshopforme?
wouldlike-offer/invitation
e.g.Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
afterbe,followedbyadjectivesdoubtful,unlikely,toemphasiseatentativeaction
e.g.It’sdoubtfulthathewouldbethereintimeofneed.
annoyinghabit,typicalofaperson
e.g.Shewouldaskmeformoney,wouldn’tshe?
certaintyinasuppressedconditionalsentence
e.g.Iwouldneveragreetothat.(evenifheaskedme)
wouldn’t
certaintyinasuppressedconditionalsentence
e.g.Iwouldn’tagreetothat.(evenifheaskedme.)
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- 情态 动词 用法