Unit14 EnvironmentT.docx
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Unit14 EnvironmentT.docx
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Unit14EnvironmentT
Unit14
It’safinedaytoday!
Environment
Introduction
Directions:
Listentoanintroductionofthisunitandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.
Inthemedicalsense,theenvironmentincludesthesurroundings,conditionsorinfluencesthataffectanorganism.Alongtheselines,Last,in2001,definedtheenvironmentfortheInternationalEpidemiologicalAssociationas:
“Allthatwhichisexternaltothehumanhost.Canbedividedintophysical,biological,social,cultural,etc.,anyorallofwhichcaninfluencehealthstatusofpopulations.”Accordingtothisdefinition,theenvironmentwouldincludeanythingthatisnotgenetic,althoughitcouldbearguedthatevengenesareinfluencedbytheenvironmentintheshortorlong-term.
Forthepurposesofenvironmentalhealth,however,amorepracticaldefinitionoftheenvironmentisneeded,becauseenvironmentalhealthactiongenerallytriestochangeonlythenaturalandphysicalenvironmentsandrelatedbehaviors,forexample,handwashing.Suchinterventionscanrarelymodifythesocialandculturalaspectsofacommunity,whichareusuallyindependentoftheenvironment,forexample,culturalpressuresonlifestyle,unemployment.
(http:
//www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/preventingdisease2.pdf)
Answers
1.Allthatwhichisexternaltothehumanhost.Canbedividedintophysical,biological,social,cultural,etc.,anyorallofwhichcaninfluencehealthstatusofpopulations.
2.Thesocialandculturalaspectsofacommunity
3.Accordingtothisdefinition,theenvironmentwouldincludeanythingthatisnotgenetic,althoughitcouldbearguedthatevengenesareinfluencedbytheenvironmentintheshortorlong-term.
AdditionalQuestions
1.Canyouthinkofotherwaystodefineenvironment?
2.Whatdoeshomeenvironmentinclude?
3.Whichismoreimportantforaperson,thenaturalenvironmentorthesocialenvironment?
PartOne:
Listening
SectionA
InterviewOne
Directions:
Listentoaninterviewandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.
A:
Ryan,Iwouldliketoaskyouafewquestionsabouttheenvironment,ok?
B:
Sure.
A:
Whathasmadeusthinktheenvironmentisgettingworse?
B:
InChina?
A:
Ingeneral,globally.
B:
Ithinktherearesomethingsthatareveryvisible.Everyonecanclearlyseesmogintheairwhetherit’sinLosAngelesorinBeijing.Sowhenyoucanseeit,Ithinkthat’samajorreasonpeoplewouldsayclearlyweallknowit’sgettingworse.Andthenthereismoreinformationnow,Ithink,viatheinternetandthetelevision.Peoplearemoreawareofglobalwarming,andthepolaricecapsmeltingandthenegativeeffectsofpollutionwhereastwentyyearsagokidsweren’ttaughtasmuchaboutwhatwashappening.
A:
Scientistswarnusofthefragileecologicalsystem.Butwhatdowemeanbyecologicalsystem?
B:
Iwoulddefine…
A:
Youdon’thavetobeveryscientific.
B:
I’mnotascientist.Anecologicalsystemtomeimpliesthenaturalbalancebetweenthedifferentelementsintheenvironment,sobetweenthehabitatandthepeoplethatliveinthathabitatandtheanimals.Andwhentheecologicalsystemworks,thereisabalance.Ifoneanimalorspeciesdominatestheentiresystem,itistothedetrimentoftheotherlivingcreaturesinthatsystem.
A:
Wehavementionedglobalwarmingalotinrecentyears,butwhatdoesthisconceptmean?
B:
Uh,globalwarmingreferstothescientificallyprovenfactthatthetemperatureoftheearthhasrisenoverthelasthundredyearsbutithasrisenrapidlyinthelast50years.Scientistscanmeasuretheamountofheatthatisbeingcontainedinouratmosphereandtheyattributeseveralcausestoitsuchascarsandfactoriespollutingtheair.Thesethingschangethemake-upofouratmospheresothatitholdsinmoreheatwhereasbeforeheatwouldescapeintospacemore.
Answers
1.Accordingtothedialogue,everyonecanclearlyseesmogintheairindifferentpartsoftheworld.Andpeoplearebetterinformedbecauseoftheinternet.Soweallknowthattheenvironmentisgettingworse.
2.Anecologicalsystemimpliesthenaturalbalancebetweenthedifferentelementsintheenvironmentandtheharmoniouscoexistenceofthethingsinthatsystemsuchaspeople,animalsandplants.
3.Globalwarmingreferstothefactthatthetemperatureoftheearthhasrisenoverthelasthundredyearsbutithasrisenrapidlyinthelast50years.
4.Scientistsattributeseveralcausestoitsuchascarsandfactoriespollutingtheair.Thesethingschangethemake-upofouratmospheresothatitholdsinmoreheatwhereasbeforeheatwouldescapeintospacemore.
Additionalquestions
1.Areyouawareoftheworseningoftheenvironment?
Whathaveyounoticedasevidenceofthesituation?
2.Isglobalwarmingmanageable,inotherwords,canitbechangedforthebetterthroughhumanefforts?
InterviewTwo
Directions:
Listentothefollowinginterviewandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.
A:
WhichpartoftheUnitedStatesdoyoucomefrom,Tim?
B:
IcomefromthenortheasternpartoftheUnitedStates,NewYorkstate.
A:
What’stheenvironmentlikeinyourhometown?
B:
Myhometown’senvironmentistypicalforthenortheasternpartoftheUnitedStatesinthattherearefourdistinctseasonswithverydefiniteclimatechanges.
A:
Arethereanyproblemsinregardtotheenvironmentinyourhometown,suchasvehicleexhaustorpoisonousgasesfromfactories?
B:
Oh,that’sagoodquestion,actuallymyhometownisinthesuburbofNewYorksoIdon’tliveintheactualcityproper.Thesuburbsarerelativelypollutionfree.
A:
HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?
B:
I’vebeeninChinaalittlemorethanfouryears.
A:
WhatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmentinBeijing,Imeanintermsofnaturalenvironment?
B:
ThenaturalenvironmentinBeijingcomesandgoes.Therearesomedaysthatarebetterthanotherswithregardtopollution.Ithinkoneofthebiggerproblemshastodowiththenumberofpeopleandthatcouldbeconsideredanenvironmentalprobleminsomeways.
A:
I’msureyouhaveexperiencedthesandstormshereinBeijing?
B:
Ihave.
A:
Howdoyoulikeit?
B:
Well,Ican’tsaythatIlikethesandstorms,butIwillsaythatforme,becauseIhaveneverexperiencedsandstormsbefore,it’saninterestingphenomenon.IthinkoveralongperiodoftimeImightgrowtodislikethem,butbecauseI’veonlybeenhereforashorttime,formetheyarestillrelativelynewandinteresting.ThisyearitwasparticularlybadsoIcouldunderstandhowtheycouldgetonyournervesafteracertainperiodoftime.
Additionalquestions
1.Haveyoueverbeenabroadortoadifferentcity?
Howistheweathertherecomparedtothatintheplacewhereyoulivenow?
2.WhathascausedthesandstormsinthenorthernpartofChina?
Isitgoingtobecontrolledinthefutureornot?
InterviewThree
Directions:
Listentotheinterviewandjotdowntheinterviewquestionsandtrytorevivetheinterviewwithyourpartner.
A:
Gerod!
You’reoriginallyfromSingapore.Itthatright?
B:
That’sright.
A:
I’veheardthatSingaporeisoneofthemostbeautifulcountriesintheworld.I’veneverbeenthere,couldyoutrytosketchapictureforus?
B:
Well,Singaporeisfirstofallanislandstate.It’saprettysmallplace,notmuchbiggerthanBeijing.Actually,wecommonlyrefertoSingaporeasagardencity.There’realotoftrees,greengrass,andflowersplantedalongthestreets,withbeautifulparks,reservoirs.It’sgenerallyaverycleancity.
A:
Iheardsomeoneusedtheexpression“squeakyclean”todescribethecity.
B:
That’strue.Weareverystrictwithourhealthandcleannessstandardsoverthereandthegovernmentenforcesthesestandardsverystrictly.
A:
Whatistheweatherlikethereindifferentseasons?
B:
Wellactually,SingaporeexperienceshotweatherthroughouttheyearsowhatyouwouldconsidersummerinBeijingisthenormaleverydayweatherinSingapore.WedohavesomerainyspellsinJuneandinDecember,butmostofthetimeit’shotandhumid.
A:
Whatcouldbethehighesttemperatureinsummer?
B:
Ah,Iguessitcouldreachahighofabout38degreesCelsius.
A:
Domosthouseholdshaveair-conditioners?
B:
Oh,yeah.Air-conditioningisamust.Infact,eventhoughSingaporeexperienceshotweatherallthetime,wedon’tfeelitasmuchsimplybecausewehaveourair-conditioningonatalltimes.
A:
SomeonetoldmeafewyearsagothatpeoplearenotallowedtochewguminpublicplacesinSingapore.Iftheydo,theywillbeheavilyfinedorpunished,itthattrue?
B:
Yeah,thatistrue.ChewinggumisnotavailableforsaleinSingaporeandyouarenotsupposedtobringinchewinggumfromothercountriesaswell,themainreasonbeingthatchewinggumwascausinganuisancetothenormalpeoplebecausepeoplewerethrowingchewinggumeverywhereanditwascausingdisturbancesandstoppagesinourpublictransportsystemsoourgovernmentjustsimplydecidedtooutlawit.
A:
Thesemeasuresaredefinitelypositiveintermsofcontrolling,eh,preventingpeoplefromdamagingtheenvironment,butdon’tyouthinkit’stoostrict?
B:
Singaporeisacountryinwhichwelivebywhatwecalldraconianlaws.Youhavefreedomtoacertainextent,butyoumustbewithintheboundariesofwhatthegovernmenthassetforyouandSingaporeanpeopleareveryobedientpeopleinmostsituations.Weareusedtohavingastronggovernmentthattellsuswhatwecanorcannotdo.
Additionalquestions
1.Whatdoyouthinkofchewingguminpublicplaces?
Shoulditbebannedcompletely?
2.WhatcanwelearnfromasmallcountrylikeSingapore?
3.ShouldthegovernmentcontrolallsuchdetailsasnumberofTVstations,chewingguminpublicplacesandsoon?
SectionB:
VocabularyBuilding
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