介词和介词短语.docx
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介词和介词短语.docx
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介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语
介词的概念:
表示它后面的名词或代词与其它句子成分的关系。
1.介词种类:
①简单介词:
如in,on,at等;②介词短语:
如infrontof,insteadof等。
2.表示时间的介词
①表示年、月、日、时刻等用:
in,on,at;
②表示期间等用:
during,for,through;
③表示时间的前、后用:
before,after;
④表示期限等用:
by,until,till;
⑤表示时间的经过用:
in,within;
⑥表示时间的起点等用:
since,from.
(1)at,on,in
①at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。
②on:
用于星期、某日、某一天的上午、下午(指具体的某一天时,一律用on)
③in:
用于表示周、月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午又晚上。
.
(2)by,until(till)
①by:
在…前(时间)截至(到)…。
②until,(till):
直到…为止(时间)。
(3)before,after.”
①before:
在。
二之前,
②after在…之后,
(4)for,during,through
①or:
达…之久(表示过了多长时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但
是多数情况下常和完成时连用。
②during在…期间
③through:
一直…(从开始到结束)
(5)from,since
①from:
从…起(时间)
②since:
自从…以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)。
(6)in,within
①in…后(未来时间)
②within在…范围之内
3.表示场所、方向的介词
表场所的介词:
at,in,on,under,by,near,between
表方向的介词:
in,into,out,of,along,across,through
(1)at,in
①at:
在某地点(表较小的场所)。
②in在某地(表示场所较大)。
(2)on,under,over,above,below
①on:
在二上面,有接触面。
②above:
在…上方
③over:
在…正上方(中间有悬浮)是unde:
的反义词。
④under:
在…下面。
⑤below.在…下方(不一定是正下方)。
(3)near,by
①near:
近的,不远的(是far的反义词)
②by:
在…旁边,比near的距离要远。
(4)between,among,around
①between:
在两者之间
②among:
在三者或三者以上的之中。
③around:
环绕,在…周围,在…的四周。
(5)infrontof,behind
①infrontof:
在…前面。
②behind:
在…的后边。
(6)in,into,outof
①in:
在…之内。
如:
②into:
进人(通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如:
come,go,walk,jump,run等)。
③outof和into一样,表示一定的运动方向。
’
(7)along,across,through
①along:
沿着。
②across:
横过(平面物体)。
如:
③through:
通过,贯通(穿过森林、沙漠,透过窗户)。
(8)to,for,from
①to:
到达…地点(目的地)或方向。
②for:
表示目的,为…
③from:
从…地点起。
4.介词的其它用法
(1)表示手段和材料的介词用with,in,by
①with:
使用工具
②in:
表示用什么材料(如墨水、铅笔等)或用什么语言,也可表示衣着、声音。
③by:
通过…方法、手段。
(2)of,from
①of:
…的
②from:
来自(某地)
(3)without,like,as
①without:
没有,是with的反义词
②like:
像.....一样。
③as:
作为。
(4)against,about
①against:
反对,靠着。
②about:
关于,各处,四周。
询问某人、某物如何或提出建议。
5.常见的介词短语
(1)动词+介词:
talkabout,talkto,lookat,listento,takecareof,lookfor等。
(2)形容词+介词
①形容词+about
carefulabout小心anxiousabout担心
②形容词+at
goodat擅长angryat对……事发愁surprisedat对……惊奇
③形容词+for
readyfor为……准备好sorryfor后悔latefor迟到
④形容词+from
differentform与……不同safefrom安全
⑤形容词++in
successfulin在……成功interestedin对……感兴趣
⑥形容词+of
worthyof值得proudof骄傲certainof确信afraidof害怕
⑦形容词+to
similarto相似equalto等于contraryto与……相反indifferentto对……不在乎
⑧形容词+with
satisfiedwith对……满意busywith忙于friendlywith与...友好
(3)名词+介词
①名词+for
needfor/of需要excusefor借口pityfor怜悯
②名词+in
difficultyin困难progressin进步pridein骄傲于……
③名词+of
causeof原因careof注意exampleof例子wayof……的方法habitof
成习惯
④名词+to
answerto作答attentionto注意keyto答案
⑤名词+with
talkwith与……交谈businesswith做生意
(4)副词+介词
insteadof替代awayfrom离开accordingto根据aheadof在……前面
(5)固定搭配
atthemoment此刻atlast最后,终于atthelatest最迟atonce立刻
atthebottomof在……底部attheriskof冒……险bychance偶然,碰巧
byturns轮流bynameof名字叫byaccident偶然byfar……得多,最
forever永远bysurprise出其不意bywayof经由forachange改变一下
foranything先论如何forthepresent暂时intime及时inneedof需要
infact事实上inturn依次onbusiness出差onfire着火
outofcontrol失去控制outofbreath上气不接下气toone'staste合……胃口
toone'sbenefit对……有益
介词和介词短语专项练习
一、选择填空:
1.It'shot______summerinBeijing.
A.byB.onC.atD.in
2.Thedesksandchairsaremade_____wood.
A.fromB.ofC.byD.in
3.Chinaisfamous______herGreatWall.
A.asB.forC.toD.of
4.Whatdoyoumean______sayingso?
A.withB.ofC.forD.by
5.Taiwanis______thesoutheastofChina.
A.inB.toC.onD.at
6.Ourteachertoldustolook______thenewwordsinthedictionary.
A.forB.upC.atD.into
7.Shewasborn______September,1990
A.atB.onC.inD.to
8.Thesecoatsaredifferent______thecoatsoverthere.
A.inB.onC.atD.from
9.Thankyouverymuch______lendingtheeraserme.
A.for;atB.to;toC.for;toD.to;for
10.Sinceyouare_______trouble,whynotask_____help?
A.in;forB.in;toC.with;forD.with;to
11.Noonecanstopher________leavingforChina.
A.ofB.fromC.toD.for
12一WhendidMr.Greencomeback?
一_______nineo'clockyesterdaymorning.
AAtB.ForC.InD.On
13.Mr.TedtaughtEnglishinChina_______1999.
A.forB.sinceC.inD.at
14.Don'ttellanybodyaboutit.Keepit_______youandme.
A.amongB.betweenC.inD.with
15.Heisagoodstudent.Hegets_____well_____others.
A.up;onB.in,onC.on;withD.on:
at
16.Myfatheroftenhelpsme_______mymaths.
A.ofB.toC.onD.with
17.LiPingisgood_______maths,butheisweak______English.
A.at;atB.at;inC.in,inD.in,at
18.Thewoman______areddressismyaunt.
A.inB.atC.OfD.on
19.A'newbridgewasbuilt_____theriver.
A.on‘B.overC.inD.of
20.Thegirloftengets_____school_____8:
30.
A.at;inB.to;onC.at;atD.to;at
21.Walk_____thebridgeandyou'llfindthepostoffice.
A.alongB.throughC.acrossD.past
22.Canyouwritealetter______English?
A.withB.inC.byD.from
23.“What'swrong______you?
"Thedoctorasked.
A.fromB.withC.forD.in
24.Grandmapreferstea______coffee.
A.aboutB.toC.onD.of
25.Youaregettingtoofat.Eatingtoomuchisbad_____yourhealth.
A.forB.toC.aboutD.with
26.Yesterdayitsnowed.Nowtheroadsarecovered______snow.
A.withB.byC.forD.m
27.It'snotgoodtobelate_school.
A.onB.forC.inD.to
28.PoorTomfell_____theladder_____theground.
A.off,intoB.downintoC.down;ontoD.off;onto
29.MyfatherhasgonetoNewYork.He'llbeback______fourmonths
A.afterB.inC.laterD.for
30.Isthiskindofcarmade______Harbin?
A.ofB.inC.byD.from
31.It'stime_______supper.LucyandLilyaresittingthetable.
A.to;atB.at;forC.for;onD-.for;at
32.Theirparentsarewaiting______abus.
A.toB.atC.onD.for
33.Becarefulwhenyouget_____or______thebus.
A.in;offB.on;offC.on;fromD.in;from
34.Pleasedon'tshout____theboy.Heisright
A.atB.onC.withD.from
35.Itisdangerous_____childrentoplay______fire.
A.for,withB.for,/C.to,withD.to,/
36.Myfriend,MissChen,lives____theothersideofthestreet.
A.byB.forC.inD.on
37.Howfarisit_____hishometown_____Beijing?
A.between:
orB.either:
orC.both;andD.from:
to
38.JohnhitBob_____
A.inthefaceB.onhisfaceC.infaceD.bytheface
39.Ifyouspend_____time_yourstudies,Iamsureyouwilldowell______them.
A.in;inB.on,inC.on:
onD.in;on
40.Don'tread____thesun,It'sbad_____youreyes.
A.in;toB.under;toC.in;forD.under;for
41.ShewantedTomtosing_____herfriends.
A.toB.forC.atD.into
42.MarxbegantolearnRussian_____hisfifties.
A.inB.atC.forD.since
43._______hissurprise,hefoundthechildathome.
A.ForB.ToC.At‘D.With
44.Ourteachersareonlystrict____theirwork,butalsostrict______theirstudents.
A.in;withB.with;inC.in;inD.with:
with
45.Howmanysongshadyoulearned_____theendoflastmonth?
A.atB.onC.byD.in
46.Look_____theblackboard.Don'tlookout_____thewindow,
A.in;fromB.to;with‘C.to;toD.at;of
47.Openyourbooksandturn______page10.
A.atB.toC.inD.of
48.Wehavenolessons______Thursdayafternoon.
A.onB.inC./D.at
49.Doeshealwaysgotowork_____bikeor_______foot?
A.by;byB.on;onC.by;onD.on;by
50.Tom'ssisterhadbreakfast______ahurryandwent______school.
A.in,;toB.for;forC.to;toD.after;into
51.Thedoctorcame____timetosaveherlife.
A.inB.onC.atD.before
52.Thereisa.biglake_____thefoot______themountain.
A.on;toB.of;ofC.to;withD.at;of
53.Allthepeopleweresad_____thenews.
A.toB.forC.atD.with
54.Iwasgood____learning_____others.
A.in;toB.in;in’C.at;fromD.at;/
55.It'sveryimportant_______.metosaysomething_____you.
A.for;for‘B.to;toC.for,toD.to,for
56.Thereisabighole_____thefrontwallandtwobeautifulpictures______thebackwall.
A.in;inB.in,onC.on,onD.on,in
57.Itisverykind_____youtohelpme.
A.toB.forC.ofD.on
58.ShearrivedinShanghai_____theafternoon______herbirthday.
A.in;ofB.on;ofC.on;toD.at;in
59.Mysisterwantedtohaveabike_______herown.
A.onB.toC.ofD.by
60.Theyoungmanspentalotofmoney_______hisclothes.
A.inB.WtC1C.toD.on
61.Howareyougetting______yourwork?
.
A.onwithB.upwithC.alongforD.amongto
62.Theboyaskedhisfather_______abottleofwater.
A.toB.forC.withD.in
63.Chinais____EastAsia.Japan,is______theeastofChina.
A.in:
toB.to;inC.on;toD.on;in
64.Thereisnothinginourbedroom,______anewbed.
A.andB.withoutC.withD.except
65.Thebag______thewaymustbemovedaway.
A.inB.byC.onD.at
66.Thenewhouseswerebuilt______youngtrees.
A.amongB.onC.withD.into
67.Don'twrite____blackpencilor______blueink.
A.ina;inB.in;withC.with;withD.witha;in
68.Themaxiturnedthekey______thelockandopenedthedoor.
A.toB.inC.onD.with
69.Youcandothecleaningall______yourself.
A.byB.toC.forD.with
70.Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike,sohecamehere______hisgirlfriend's.
A.byB.inC.withD.on
71.Childreninwesterncountriescanusuallygetallkindsofpresents_______Christmas
and________theirbirthdays.
A.on;onB.in;atC.at;onD.by;on
72.Thetworoomsare______thesamesize.
A.atB.forC.onD.of
73.About100peopleentered______theclassroom.
A.toB.inC.intoD./
74.Mr.Brownsatback______asmile_____hisface.
A.with;onB.with;inC.for;onD.with;at
75.Wecan'tlive______water______air
A.with;andB.without;orC.for;onD.with;at
76.Maryfoundasmallbag_____theground_____thewaytoschool.
A.on;onB.on.inC.in.byD.in;at
77.Theboatispassing______thebridge.
A.acrossB.throughC.intoD.cross
78.Myroomis_______thesecondfloor.
A.atB.onC.inD.to
79.Myunclelives_______105BeijingStreet.
A.onB.
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