经济金融术语英汉对照.docx

经济金融术语英汉对照.docx

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经济金融术语英汉对照

A

安全网safetynet

按可比口径oncomparablebasis

按轻重缓急toprioritize

暗补implicitsubsidy

暗亏hiddenloss

B

颁发营业执照tolicense;togrant

alicenceto

办理存款业务totakedeposits

保护农民的生产积极性toprotect

farmers'incentivetoproduce

备付金（超额准备金）excessreserves

本外币并账

consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts

本外币对冲操作sterilization

operation

本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism

奔小康tostriveto

prosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do

避税（请见“逃税”）taxavoidance

币种搭配不当

currencymismatch

币种构成currencycomposition

变相社会集资disguised

irregular（orillegal）fundraising

表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet

items（operation）

薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes

不变成本fixedcost

不变价at

constantprice;inrealterms

不动产realestate

不良贷款（资产）problem

loans；non-performingloans（assets）

C

财务公司financecompanies

财政赤字

fiscaldeficit

财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetary

policy）

财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies

采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner

操作弹性operationalflexibility

操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate

产品构成productcomposition;productmix

产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory

产销率currentperiod

inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio

产销衔接marketability

产业政策

industrialpolicy

长期国债treasurybonds

敞口头寸openposition

炒股to

speculateinthestockmarket

承购包销underwrite（securities）

成套机电产品

completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）

城市信用社urbancredit

cooperatives（UCCs）

城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks

城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthin

householdincome

持续升温persistentoverheating

重复布点duplicateprojects

重置成本replacementcost

重组计划restructuringplan

筹资渠道funding

sources;financingchannels

初见成效initialsuccess

出口统一管理、归口经营canalization

ofexports

出口退税exporttaxrebate

储蓄存款household

deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

）

储蓄分流diversionof

householddeposits

储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings

传导机制transmissionmechanism

从价税advaloremtax

从紧控制tightcontrol

存贷款比例loan/depositratio

存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem

存款货币银行

depositmoneybanks

存款准备金requiredreserves

D

打白条issueIOU

大额存单

certificateofdeposit（CD）

大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts

大面积滑坡

wide-spreaddecline

大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem

呆账（请见“坏账”）bad

loans

呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）

呆滞贷款idleloans

贷款沉淀

non-performingloans

贷款分类loanclassification

贷款限额管理creditcontrol;to

imposecreditceiling

贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism

代理国库toactasfiscalagent

代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofother

institutions

戴帽贷款ear-markedloans

倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthe

pressureforeasingmonetarycondition

道德风险moralhazard

地区差别regional

disparity

第一产业theprimaryindustry

第二产业thesecondaryindustry

第三产业

theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry

递延资产deferrableassets

订货不足

insufficientorders

定期存款timedeposits

定向募集raisingfundsfromtargeted

sources

东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry

独立核算independentaccounting

短期国债

treasurybills

对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging

对非金融部门债权claimson

non-financialsector

多种所有制形式diversifiedownership

E

恶性通货膨胀

hyperinflation

二级市场secondarymarket

F

发行货币toissuecurrency

发行总股本totalstockissue

法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement

法人股institutionalshares

法人股东institutionalshareholders

法治ruleof

law

房地产投资realestateinvestment

放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy

非现场稽核

off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）

非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions

非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations

分税制assignmentofcentralandlocal

taxes;taxassignmentsystem

分业经营segregationoffinancial

business（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancial

institutions

风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure

风险管理riskmanagement

风险意识risk

awareness

风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios

风险资本标准risk-basedcapital

standard

服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges

扶贫poverty

alleviation

负增长negativegrowth

复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitaland

currentbudgetaryaccount

G

改革试点reformexperimentation

杠杆率leverage

ratio

杠杆收购leveragedbuyout

高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghigh

interest

个人股non-institutionalshares

根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（or

reversal）

公开市场操作openmarketoperations

公款私存depositpublicfundsin

personalaccounts

公用事业publicutilities

公有经济thestate-ownedsector;the

publicsector

公有制publicownership

工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio

工业增加值industrialvalueadded

供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessive

supply

鼓励措施incentives

股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises

股份制企业joint-equityenterprises

股份制银行joint-equitybanks

固定资产贷款fixed

assetloans

关税减免tariffreductionandexemption

关税减让tariffconcessions

关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment

规范行为to

regularize（orstandardize）…behavior

规模效益economiesofscale

国计民生

nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood

国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlays

toindividuals

国家风险countryrisk

国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor

国际收支balanceofpayments

国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks

国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector

国有企业state-owned

enterprises（SOEs）

国有制state-ownership

国有资产流失erosionofstateassets

国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase

国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersof

governmentsecurities

过度竞争excessivecompetition

过度膨胀excessive

expansion

过热迹象signsofoverheating

H

合理预期rationalexpectation

核心资本corecapital

合资企业joint-ventureenterprises

红利dividend

宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance

宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic

fundamentals

宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）

宏观调控目标

macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）

坏账baddebt

还本付息debtservice

换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings

汇兑在途funds

infloat

汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank

汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates

活期存款demanddeposits

汇率失调

exchangeratemisalignment

混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership

货币政策态势

monetarypolicystance

货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers

J

基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure

基本经济要素economicfundamentals

基本适度broadlyappropriate

基准利率benchmarkinterestrate

机关团体存款

depositsofnon-profitinstitutions

机会成本opportunitycost

激励机制incentive

mechanism

积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory

挤提存款runonbanks

挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）

技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading

技术密集型产品technology-intensive

product

计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus

计划经济

plannedeconomy

集体经济thecollectivesector

加大结构调整力度tointensify

structuraladjustment

加工贸易processingtrade

加快态势acceleratingtrend

加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration

加权价weightedaverageprice

价格放开priceliberalization

价格形成机制pricingmechanism

减亏toreduce

losses

简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures

交投活跃brisk

trading

缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves

结构扭曲structuraldistortion

结构失调structuralimbalance

结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance

结构优化

structuralimprovement（optimization）

结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeign

exchange

金融脆弱financialfragility

金融动荡financialturbulence

金融风波

financialdisturbance

金融恐慌financialpanic

金融危机financialcrisis

金融压抑financialrepression

金融衍生物financialderivatives

金融诈骗financial

fraud

紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy

紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tight

financialpolicies

经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility

经济特区special

economiczones（SEZs）

经济体制改革economicreform

经济增长方式的转变changeinthemain

sourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）

经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth

经济制裁economic

sanction

经营自主权autonomyinmanagement

景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity

境外投资overseasinvestment

竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition

局部性金融风波

localized（isolated）financialdisturbance

K

开办人民币业务toengageinRMB

business

可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth

可变成本variablecost

可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency

控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance

扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis

库存产品inventory

跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking

跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement

会计准则

accountingstandard

L

来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport

离岸银行业务off-shorebanking（business）

理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntrade

regime

利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation

利润驱动

profit-driven

利息回收率interestcollectionratio

联行清算inter-banksettlement

连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses

良性循环virtuouscycle

两极分化

growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution

零售物价指数retail

priceindex（RPI）

流动性比例liquidityratio

流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquid

assets

流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans

流通体制distributionsystem

流通网络

distributionnetwork

留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hirepurchase

垄断行业monopolized

industry（sector）

乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising

乱收费

irregular（illegal）charges

乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies

M

买方市场

buyer'smarket

卖方市场seller'smarket

卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo

贸易差额

tradebalance

民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit

免二减三exemptionofincome

taxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionfor

thefollowingthreeyears

明补explicitsubsidy

明亏explicitloss

名牌产品

brandproducts

母国（请见“东道国”）homecountry

N

内部控制internalcontrol

内部审计internalaudit

内地与香港themainlandandHongKong

内债domestic

debt

扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone

扭曲金融分配

distortedallocationoffinancialresources

农副产品采购支出outlaysfor

agriculturalprocurement

农村信用社ruralc