高一英语人教新课标必修四学年下学期期末考试试题解析.docx
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高一英语人教新课标必修四学年下学期期末考试试题解析.docx
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高一英语人教新课标必修四学年下学期期末考试试题解析
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Buttonsarefoundonallsortsofclothing.Theyareusuallysmallandroundandmadeofmetalorplastic.Theyfasten,orconnect,onepieceofclothingtoanother.Theymakesureyourclothesdon’tfalloff.WhenwearespeakingorwritingmEnglish,buttonscanbejustasuseful.
Menorwomenoftenwearbutton-downclothestotheoffice.Button-downasanadjectivemeanstobeconservative(保守的)ortraditional.Peoplewhoaredescribedasbuttoned-downstaycloseaspossibletothenormalwayofdressingandbehaving.Theydon’twearcrazyclothingordounusualthings.Peopleandeventscanbothbedescribedasbuttoned-down.
Ifsomeoneisbuttoned-up,heorsheseemsverybusiness-like.Inpersonalrelationships,abuttoned-uppersoniscoldandstandoffish,meaningtheyphysicallyandemotionallykeepawayfromothers.Buttoned-uppeoplearenotwarmorfriendly.Andtheydonotsharetheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingswithothers.
Intheexpression“buttonup”,buttonisaverb.Itmeanstostoptalking.Now,let’ssayyoufindyourselfbuttonholedinaconversationataparty.Thepersonjustkeepstalkingandtalkingandtalking!
Finally,youcan’ttakeitanylonger.Youtellthepersontobuttonit!
Thisisadirect,butunacceptablewayofsaying“stoptalking”.Buttonyoulipisanotherequallyrudebuteffectivetostopapersonwhotalkstoomuch.
Anotherkindofdifficultpersonissomeonewhopushesyourbuttons.Topushsomeone’sbuttonsmeanstoknowexactlyhowtogetthatpersonangryorupset.Peoplewholiketopushotherpeoplesbuttonsusuallydoitforselfishreasons.Firsttheyfindaperson’sweakpoint.Thentheyuseittoupsethim.
1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesbutton-downclothes?
A.ComfortableB.Attractive
C.FormalD.Loose
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“buttonit”inParagraph4mean?
A.Cheerup!
B.Calmdown!
C.Turnaway!
D.Shutup!
3.Whatdoesapersonwanttodoifhepushesyourbuttons?
A.Helpyouout.B.Makeyousuffer.
C.Showheknowsyouwell.D.Pointoutyourweakpoints.
【答案】1.C2.D3.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述了纽扣在日常生活中各种衣服上很常见,但是在英语表达中,纽扣也非常有用。
1.细节理解题。
根据文章第二段Menorwomenoftenwearbutton-downclothestotheoffice.Button-downasanadjectivemeanstobeconservative(保守的)ortraditional.可知,穿着纽扣的衣服去上班,代表这个人穿得很正式。
故选B。
2.词义猜测题。
根据文章第四段Thisisadirect,butunacceptablewayofsaying“stoptalking”.Buttonyoulipisanotherequallyrudebuteffectivetostopapersonwhotalkstoomuch.可知,当你不想听一个人说话时,可以对他说Buttonit闭嘴。
故选D。
3.细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段Topushsomeone’sbuttonsmeanstoknowexactlyhowtogetthatpersonangryorupset.可知,pushsomeone’sbuttons为“故意惹恼或激怒某人”。
故选B。
B
Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.Butsomekindsofexercisemaybebetterthanothers.
Running,forexample,mayhelptoprotectagainstheartdiseaseandotherhealthproblems.Runningmayalsohelpyoulivelonger.Researcherssayitisnotimportanthowfaryourun.Italsodoesnotmatterhowfastorevenhowoftenyourun.AsadvertisementsfortherunningshoesNikesay,“JustDoIt.”
Recentlyresearchersstudiedmorethan55,000adults.Aboutone-fourthoftheadultsreportedrunningregularly.Thestudyfoundtheserunnerswereconsiderablylesslikelythannon-runnerstodieofanyformofdisease,includingheartdisease.Infact,therunnerslived,onaverage,threeyearslongerthanthenon-runners.
Thisstudylasted15years.Duringthattime,morethan3,400oftheindividualsdied.About1.200ofthedeathswerelinkedtoheartdisease,hear,attackorstroke.
OneoftheresearchersisamannamedD.C.Lee,aprofessorofIowaStateUniversityComparedtonon-runners,hesaid,runnersshowedamuchlowerriskofdyingfromsomediseases.“Comparedtonon-runners,runnersshowed30percentlowerriskofdeathbyanycauses,includingheartattack,strokeandcancer.Also,runnerscomparedtonon-runnersshowed45percentlowerriskofdeathbycardiovasculardiseases(心血管疾病),includingheartattackandstroke.”
D.C.Leeandtheotherresearchersfoundthatspeed,distanceandhowoftenonerunsmadelittledifferenceinreducingtheriskofdeath.Therunnersinthestudyaveragedbetween10and16kilometersperhour.MrLeesaidslowerrunnersandthosewhoonlyranonceortwiceaweekwerehelpednearlyasmuchasthosewhoranfasterandfurther.“Andalsowelookedattheinningovertimeandwefoundthatpersistentrunners(oversixyears)showedthebiggestbenefits,aswell.”
4.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyquotingNike’sad“JustDoit”?
A.It’stimeforyoutostartrunning.
B.Nikehasalwayskeptitspromise.
C.Youhavetorunasfastaspossible.
D.Runningdocsyougoodwhateveritsform.
5.Theresearchersgottheresultsoftheirstudymainlyby.
A.analyzingdataB.havinginterviews
C.doingexperimentsD.doingfieldsurvey
6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?
A.Heartdiseaseisthebiggestkillerofmankind.
B.Runnersaregenerallyhealthierthannon-runners.
C.Heartdiseasehaskilledmorepeoplethancancer.
D.Runninggreatlyreducestheriskofcardiovasculardisease.
7.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoMrLee?
A.Slowerrunnersandfasterrunnersbenefitequallyfromrunning.
B.Youcanbenefitmostifyourspeedisover10kmperhour.
C.Youmustcontrolyourspeedproperlywhilerunning.
D.Thefurtheryourun,themorebenefitsyouwillget.
【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A
【解析】本文是一篇科普方面的短文阅读。
跑步是一种很好的运动,它有助于抵御心脏病及其他健康问题,还能使人长寿。
4.推理判断题。
根据文章第二段Researcherssayitisnotimportanthowfaryourun.Italsodoesnotmatterhowfastorevenhowoftenyourun.AsadvertisementsfortherunningshoesNikesay,“JustDoIt.”可以推断出,作者引用耐克的广告语是为了说明:
不管你怎么跑步,都对你有好处。
故选D。
5.推理判断题。
根据文章可知,研究者得出其研究结果主要是通过超过55,000名成人研究数据得出的。
故选A。
6.细节理解题。
根据文章第五段Also,runnerscomparedtonon-runnersshowed45percentlowerriskofdeathbycardiovasculardiseases(心血管疾病),includingheartattackandstroke.可知,跑步大大降低了心血管疾病的风险。
故选D。
7.细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段D.C.Leeandtheotherresearchersfoundthatspeed,distanceandhowoftenonerunsmadelittledifferenceinreducingtheriskofdeath.可知,慢跑的人和快跑的人都一样能够从跑步中受益。
故选A。
C
IwaswanderingaroundtheAlbuquerqueInternationalSupportairport.MyflighthadbeendelayedandIheardanannouncement:
“IfanyonenearGateA-4understandsArabic(阿拉伯语),pleasecometothegateimmediately.”GateA-4wasmyowngate.Iwentthere.
Anolderwomanwascrumpled(蜷缩成一团的)onthefloor,cryingloud.InhertraditionalPalestiniandress,sheremindedmeofmygrandmother.
“Talktoher,”urgedtheflightagent.“Wetoldhertheflightwasgoingtobelate,andshedidthis.”
Ibentovertoputmyarmaroundthewomanandspokeuncertainly.“Shu-dow-a,shu-bid-uck,habibti?
Stanischway,minfadlick,shu-bit-se-wee?
”Shestoppedcrying.Shethoughttheflighthadbeencalledoff.SheneededtobeinElPasoforamedicaltreatmentthenextday.Isaid,“You’llgetthere,justlate.Whoispickingyouup?
Let’scallhim.”
Wecalledherson.InEnglish,ItoldhimthatIwouldstaywithhismotheruntilwegotontheplane.Shetalkedwithhim.Thenwecalledherothersonsjustforfun.ThenwecalledmydadandtheyspokeforawhileinArabicandfoundoutthattheyhadseveralsharedfriends.Afterthat,IcalledsomePalestinianpoetsIknewandletthemchatwithher.
Shewas,laughingalotbutthen,pattingmykneeandansweringquestions.Shepulledabagofhomemadecookiesfilledwithdatesandnutsandtoppedwithsugarfromherbagandofferedthemtothepeopleatthegate.Tomyamazement,noonedeclined.Itwaslikeasacrament(圣餐).ThetravelerfromArgentina,themomfromCalifornia,thelovelywomanfromLaredo---Wewereallsmiling,coveredwiththesamesugar.
Ilookedaroundthegateandthought.ThisistheworldIwanttolivein,onewithnoanxiety.Thiscanstillhappenanywhere,Ithought.Noteverythingislost.
8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?
A.Herfatherwasarelativeoftheolderwoman
B.Shetookthesameflightwiththeolderwoman.
C.ShewashighlyskilledinspeakingArabic.
D.Hergrandmothersawheroffattheairport.
9.Whydidtheoldwomanburstintotearsattheboardinggate?
A.Shethoughtshecouldn’tmakeitforhertreatment.
B.Herflightwascalledoffbecauseofbadweather.
C.Shecouldn’tmakeherselfHillyunderstood.
D.Herflightticketseemedtohavegotlost.
10.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?
A.OutstandingandgenerousB.Cleverandbrave
C.PatientandcreativeD.Warm-heartedandthoughtful
【答案】8.B9.A10.D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了作者在机场帮助了一个语言不通的老妇人,在帮助别人的同时,作者也感受到了快乐。
8.细节理解题。
根据文章第五段Wecalledherson.InEnglish,ItoldhimthatIwouldstaywithhismotheruntilwegotontheplane.可知,作者和老妇人乘同一架航班。
故选B。
9.细节理解题。
根据文章第四段Shethoughttheflighthadbeencalledoff.SheneededtobeinElPasoforamedicaltreatmentthenextday.可知,老妇人认为航班被取消,她第二天不能够及时接受治疗。
故选A。
10.推理判断题。
根据第一段中的内容可知机场广播寻找会说阿拉伯语的人作者就去帮忙了说明作者很热心肠;再结合第四段中的Ibentovertoputmyarmaround the womanandspoke和第五段的内容可知作者用阿拉伯语与老妇人沟通缓解她的焦虑并与她的儿子取得了联系随后作者打电话让自己的父亲和一些巴勒斯坦的诗人与老妇人聊天(来让老妇人开心起来)。
由此可知作者是一个热心体贴的人。
故选D。
【点睛】
推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
例如小题3,就是根据文章第一段、第四段和第五段陈述可知,作者不仅积极帮助老妇人,还让老妇人开心,从而可以推断出答案。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
WhatIfWeDon’tGetAlong?
Teacherswanttogetalongwithyouandenjoyseeingyoulearn.Butteachersandstudentssometimeshavepersonalityclashes(人格冲突).___11___Ifyoushowyourteacherthatyouwanttomakethesituationbetter,heorshewillprobablydoeverythingpossibletomakethathappen.Takethesestepsiftheproblemseems
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