英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.
AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.
AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:
Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?
Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.
Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.
"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."
(1)Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?
A. Howtohumanizethem.
B. Howtotreattheminlife.
C. Howtousethemeffectively.
D. Howtofindmoreapplications.
(2)Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.
A. whentosacrificearobot
B. wheretoexperiencerisks
C. whichrobottoworkwith
D. whatrobotsshouldbelike
(3)WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?
A. Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.
B. Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.
C. Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.
D. Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.
(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Robots,AMustforFuture
B. HumanizedRobots,ANewTrend
C. RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHit
D. HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化,它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务,人们如何看待他们,如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知,随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能,承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务,人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
’"可知,在这项研究中,参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知,Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远,可以推断出,Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文内容可知,文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化,参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。
因此标题“机器人被拯救,人类就会承受打击”最切题,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.
Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.
Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.
NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”
Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.
(1)WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?
A. Adigitalteachertaughtthem. B. Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.
C. Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.
D. Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.
(2)Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?
A. Itcansmileback.
B. Itcanusemicrophone.
C. Itcantalkanytopicforfree.
D. Itcanchangeifnecessary.
(3)What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving.
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. NewHigh-techContributestoEducation
B. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.
C. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudents
D. NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂,为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知,他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。
由此可知,特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力,还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度,并在需要时做出更改”,由此可得出,其优势在于需要时,可以做出变化。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知,Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知,从新学年开始,新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。
之后文章就此展开,由此可推断出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的标题。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.
ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(颗粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.
ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.
TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.
Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsometh
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