MAZDA SKYACTIVE Technology.docx
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MAZDA SKYACTIVE Technology.docx
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MAZDASKYACTIVETechnology
Wednesday,February16,2011
MazdaSKYACTIVEtechnology–driven
MazdaSKYACTIVEtechnology–driven
Modeltested:
Mazda6SKYACTIVE-Dprototype.Loaction:
SandownRaceway
Mazda’stechnologyumbrellaforitsnextgenerationofcarsiscalledSKYACTIVE,onlyyouwon’thavetowaitlongforthiscuttingedgetechnology,asit’scomingtoaMazdashowroomnearyousometimelaterthisyear.
SKYACTIVEisallaboutefficiency;efficientengines,efficienttransmissions,efficientchassis’andefficientcarbodytechnology.
Butdon’tthinkforoneminutethatefficiencybySKYACTIVEequals‘dull’orboring’,becausewe’vedrivenitatSandownRacewayandit’sanythingbutdull.Infact,Zoom-Zoomiswellandtrulyalive.
KiyoshiFujiwara,Mazda’sExecutiveOfficerforProductPlanningandPowertrainDevelopmenttoldusafterrattlingoffinnumerablefactsandfigures,thatthe
“mostimportantthingwastomakeitmorefuntodrive.That’shardertomeasure.It’ssomethingyoufeel”.
ThebenchmarkcarforSKYACTIVEenginedevelopment,whenitcametoresponsivenesstodriverinput,wastheiconicMX-5.It’sacarthatoffersracecarlikeresponseratesanddeliversoneoftheworld’sbest‘behindthewheel’experiencesoutsidethatofasupercarfromItaly.
Fujiwarawentontosay,
“Onenessbetweencaranddriverisourgoal.That’smoreimportanttousthanabsolutepower.It’sthatresponseandlinearitythatmakedrivingfun.”
Wecouldn’tagreemore,MrFujiwara.
Mazda’svisionistomake“carsthatalwaysexcite,lookinvitingtodrive,arefuntodrive,andmakeyouwanttodrivethemagain”,butattheverysametime,deliveringagreenerfootprintontheenvironment.Whatthatmeansfordriversismoretorque,morepower,greaterresponse,andatthesametime,theabilitytodeliver30percentbetterfueleconomyby2015comparedwith2008consumptionlevels.
ByemployingSKYACTIVEtechnologyacrossallnewmodels,Mazdabelievetheyhavecrackedthecodewhichcanprovide
“drivingpleasureandenvironmentalandsafetyperformancewithouttheslightestcompromise”.
It’sabigcall,butjusttoprovethatSKYACTIVEisnotjustablueskyvision,MazdashippedaMazda6DieselprototypetoSandownracewayearlierthisweek,loadedwithafullsuiteofSKYACTIVEtechnology,forsomehighspeedtestdrivesbythemotoringpress.
Let’sjustsay,thisisnoordinaryMazda6Diesel.Blastingdownthebackstraightat150km/h-plus,itfeelsmorelikeaMazda6MPSthananydieselvariantI’veeverdriven.Itdoesn’tevensoundlikeanoilburner.Oncethisthinghits2000rpmandthesecond-stageoftheturbokicksin,thingsgetawholelotmoreurgentaspeaktorqueisreachedandstaysonsongallthewayto4000rpm.ThisiswhatSKYACTIVEandSKYACTIVE-Disallabout.
InSKYACTIVE-Dform,Mazdaengineershavebrokennewtechnologicalgroundincreatingtheworld’slowestdiesel-enginecompressionratioof14.0:
1,whichhasmeantafurtherandsignificantweightreductionprogramhasbeenpossible.There’s25kilogramsfromtheuseofanaluminiumcylinderblockalone,insteadofthemoretraditionalcastiron.Eventhecylinderheadisthreekiloslighter,andtheweightofthepistonshasbeenreducedby25percent.
Loweringthedieselengine’scompressionratioistrulyabreakthroughachievement,asMazdahaseffectivelysolvedthetwobiggestissuesthathavesofarpreventedthespreadoflowcompressionratiodiesels.Theproblemwithreducingthecompressionratioisthatthecompressiontemperatureisreducedaswellthuspreventingcompletecombustion,and,theenginefromstarting.Thelowcompressiontemperatureandpressurealsopromotesmisfiringduringthewarm-upstage.
NotonlydoesSKYACTIVEDtechnologyeliminatethecriticalroadblockstolowcompressionratiodiesels,butitalsodoessowhileachieving20percentbetterfueleconomythanthecurrentdieselengine.Andthestoryjustgetsbetterwhenitcomestoemissions,asSKYACTIVE-DiscleanenoughtocomplywiththeEUStage6,USTier2Bin5andJapan’sPostNewLong-TermEmissionRegulationswithoutresortingtoexpensiveNOxtreatments,whichcantraptheseparticulatesandsootemissions.
ByfarthebiggestbeneficiariesofSKYACTIVEtechnologywillbeMazdadrivers,whenMazdaexecutivestoldthepresscorpsthattheybelievedthatvehiclesfittedwiththetechnologywouldbenomoreexpensivethancurrentmodels.
TheresultsontrackwiththeMazda62.2-litredieselwereextraordinarilygood,withsomuchtorqueontapfromsolowdownintherevrange,thatacceleratingoutofcornersfeltasthoughtherewasalargerdisplacementengineunderthebonnet.
SKYACTIVE-GiswhatMazda’snextgenerationpetrolenginesarecalled,andjustlikethedieselversions,isaproductofbreakthroughtechnology.Thisisahighly-efficientdirectinjection2.0-litreenginewithanextremelyhighcompressionratio(14.0:
1),thatdevelops15percentmorelow-and-midrangetorquethantheMazda’scurrent2.0-litrepetrolpowertrain.Notonlythat.Remarkably,fuelconsumptionfalls15percenttoaroundthesameratethecurrentdieselengineuses.
Highcompressionratioenginesarenotwithouttheirproblems,thebiggestofwhichisabnormalcombustionorknocking.Thenormalcompressionratioforapetrolengineisanywherefrom9:
1to12:
1.Byraisingtheratioto14:
1thereisagreaterthermalefficiency.Whenknockingoccursinpetrolengines,thesideeffectissignificantdropintorque,andthisfactormorethananyotherhasmeanthighcompressionratioengineshavenotbeendevelopedformassproduction.
SKYACTIVEtechnologyhaseffectivelydealtwiththeknockingcausedbyhightemperaturesandcompressionbyredesigningtheexhaustsystemtocreatea’4-2-1′exhaustsystem,whicheffectivelycapturesburntgases,adesignnotthatdissimilartothesystemsusedonFormulaOnecars.
ThebigsurprisedrivingtheSKYACTIVE-Dontheracetrackwashowsmoothandtorqueythecarwas,whenacceleratingoutofalowspeedcorner.That’saproductofSKYACTIVE-DRIVE;theall-newsix-speedautomatictransmission,that’snotonlyquickshifting,butMazdabelievesisaproductofthebestfeaturesofallthreetypesofautoboxes;meaningStepAutomatic,ContinuouslyVariable(CVT)andDualclutch(DCT).
Whiletheunitwascertainlyquicktorespond,IdoubttheshiftswereasquickasthoseyougetwhenusingaDSGtransmissionfromtheVolkswagenGroup.That’snotaproblem,asSKYACTIVE-DRIVEisamoreholisticapproachtotransmissions,soit’salotsmootherthanaDSGtransmissionatlowspeeds,wheretheycanberatherjitteryinstop/starttrafficconditions.It’salsoexceptionallyquitetoo;there’snomechanicalnoiseswhatsoeverbetweenshifts,andlet’snotforget,thecarwedrovewasverymuchaprototypeasyoucanseebyallthecladdingonthepanelskins.
ThekeydifferencewithSKYACTIVE-Driveisthatthissix-speedtransmissionis‘locked’up90percentofthetimeineverydaydrivingconditions,whereasatraditionalautomaticislockeduponly50percentofthetime,causingslippage.Thedifferenceisconsiderable,asSKYACTIVE-DriveofferssignificantlybetterthrottleresponsethancurrentMazda6automaticwedroveback-to-backonthesamecircuit.Theotherbenefitisafourtosevenpercentfuelefficiencygainduetothevirtualeliminationofslippagebetweenshifts.
AlthoughmarketssuchastheUnitedStates,JapanandAustraliaaredominatedbyautomatictransmissions,Europeremainsverymuchamanualmarket,especiallyinthesmalltomediumcarsegments.Tocaterforthisposition,MazdahasdevelopedtwoversionsofSKYACTIVE-MTmanualtransmissionsforlargeandmid-sizecars.Whilewedidn’tgettoexperiencethe‘MT’gearbox,driverscanexpectalightandcrispshiftfeelwithshortshiftstroke,notunlikethatofanMX-5.
Inordertoachievesuchsharpcharacteristics,Mazdaengineershavereducedtheweightofthenewgearboxby16percent.Thetransmissionusesatriple-shaftedgeartrainforthe‘large’version,whichallowsforacommongearfor2ndand3rdgearratios.Thishasmeanta20percentshorteningofthesecondaryshaft.
It’sacomplexsystemintheory;sufficetosaythatthenumberofcomponentsandtheweightofthegeartrainhasbeenreducedbythreekilograms.
AsmuchworkthathasgoneintoSKYACTIVEengineshasalsobeenappliedtoweightreductionandstrengthofthebodyandchassis,andthoseremarkableeffectsofSKYACTIVE-BodyandSKYACTIVE-ChassisweremorethanevidentandclearlydemonstratedthroughthetightersectionsatSandown,wheretheprototypeMazda6feltimmediatelylighterandconsiderablymoreagilethanthecurrentmodelcars.
It’smorethanweight,butcertainly,that’sabigpartoftheSKYACTIVEprogram.It’snotthattheMazda6(atbetween1455-1597kilograms,roughly),isaheavycarwhencomparedtoothersinthesameclass,it’sjustthatwiththeapplicationofthistechnology,theoverallweightoftheprototypewasaround130kilogramslighterwhencomparedwiththecurrentmodelweight.Andthisisstilljustaprototype.
Thestorygetsbetter,too.Eventhoughtheweightofthebodyhasbeenreduced,rigidityisupby30percentthroughtheuseofmorehigh-tensilesteelintheconstructionprocess.Again,youcanfeelincreaseinstiffnessontrack,asthecarisabletocarryalotmorespeedthroughthecornersthanthecurrentmodel,anditdoessoquiteeffortlessly.
Therearemorespotwelds,thinnergaugesteel,butstrongerframeworkhasbeenappliedfornotonlyalighterandstrongerbodybutforanaltogethersaferbodythroughmulti-loadpaths.AndtherearelikelytobefurtherweightreductionsundertheSKYACTIVEregime,asMazdaengineers
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