英语阅读.docx
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英语阅读.docx
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英语阅读
1).(5分)
Alaptopcomputer,usuallycalledanotebookcomputerbymanufacturers,isabattery-orAC-poweredpersonalcomputergenerallysmallerthanabriefcasethatcaneasilybetransportedandconvenientlyusedintemporaryspacessuchasonairplanes,inlibraries,temporaryoffices,andatmeetings.Alaptoptypicallyweighslessthan5poundsandis3inchesorlessinthickness.Amongthebest-knownmakersoflaptopcomputersareIBM,Apple,HP,Compaq,Dell,andToshiba.
Laptopcomputersgenerallycostmorethandesktopcomputerswiththesamecapabilitiesbecausetheyaremoredifficulttodesignandmanufacture.Alaptopcaneffectivelybeturnedintoadesktopcomputerwithadockingstation(音箱),ahardwareframethatsuppliesconnectionsforperipheralinput/outputdevicessuchasaprinterorlargermonitor.Thelesscapableportreplicator(端口转接器)allowsyoutoconnectalaptoptoanumberofperipheralsthroughasingleplug.
Laptopsusuallycomewithdisplaysthatusethin-screen(薄金属屏幕)technology.ThethinfilmtransistororactivematrixscreenisbrighterandviewsbetteratdifferentanglesthantheSTN(SuperTwistedNematic(超级交错液晶显示)ordual-scan(双扫描交错液晶显示)screen.Laptopsuseseveraldifferentapproachesforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard,includingthetouchpad(触控板),thetrackball,andthepointingstick(触控点).Aserialportalsoallowsaregularmousetobeattached.ThePCCardisinsertablehardwareforaddingamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoalaptop.CD-ROManddigitalversatilediscdrivesmaybebuilt-inorattachable.
Inaway,theskyrocketingpopularityoflaptopcomputersisironic.They'recompletelyportable,andtheyuselesspowerandmakelessnoisethandesktopmodels.But,they'reoftenalittleslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower,althoughthesedifferencescanbetoosmallformostuserstonotice.
Laptopsarealsomoreexpensivethandesktops.Thepricegapisclosing,though--laptoppricesarefallingfasterthandesktopprices,andlaptopPCsactuallyoutsolddesktopmodelsforthefirsttimeinMayof2005.
Howcanalltheequipmentfoundinadesktoptowerfitintosuchasmallpackage?
Andhowcanlaptopsbeefficientenoughtorunonbatterypoweralone?
Overall,laptopanddesktopcomputersareverysimilar.Theyhavethesamebasichardware,softwareandoperatingsystems.Theprimarydifferenceishowtheircomponentsfittogether.
Adesktopcomputerincludesamotherboard,videocard,harddriveandothercomponentsinalargecase.Themonitor,keyboard,andotherperipheralsconnectwirelesslyorwithcables.Whetherthecasesitsverticallyorhorizontally,ithaslotsofspaceforadd-incards,cablesandaircirculation.
Laptop,however,ismuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompact(轻便的)PCtower.Itsscreenisanintegratedpartoftheunit,asisitskeyboard.Insteadofaspaciouscasewithlotsofroomforaircirculation,alaptopusesasmall,flatdesigninwhichallthepiecesfittogethersnugly.
Becauseofthisfundamentaldesigndifferenceandbecauseofalaptop'sinherentportability,componentshaveto:
• Fitintoacompactspace
• Conservepower
• Producelessheatthandesktopcomponents
Often,thesedifferencesmakethecomponentsmoreexpensive,whichcancontributetohigherlaptopprices.
(1).(单选题)(1分)Nowadays,laptopsareverypopularinourlifebecause__________.
A.they'reportable,andtheyconservepowerandmakelessheatandnoise.
B.they'realittleslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower.
C.they'remuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompactPCtowers.
D.they'remuchmoreefficientthandesktopcomputers.
标准答案:
A
学生答案:
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
(2).(单选题)(1分)Accordingtothepassage,whatleadstotheclosingofthepricegapbetweenlaptopsanddesktops?
A.Theyhavethesamebasichardware,softwareandoperatingsystems.
B.Laptopcomputersactuallyoutselldesktopcomputers.
C.Laptoppricesarefallingfasterthandesktopprices.
D.Laptopsareoftenslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower.
标准答案:
C
学生答案:
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
(3).(单选题)(1分)Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesalaptopcomputermuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompactPCtower?
A.Alaptop’scomponentsarefitintoacompactspaceandcanconservepowerandproducelessheatthandesktopcomponent.
B.Alaptopusesasmall,flatdesigninwhichallitscomponentsfittogethersnugly.
C.Alaptopusuallycomeswithadisplaythatusesthin-screentechnology.
D.Allthecomponentsofalaptoparemuchsmallerandlighterthanthoseofadesktop.
标准答案:
B
学生答案:
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
(4).(单选题)(1分)Laptopsaregenerallymoreexpensivethandesktopswiththesamecapabilitiesbecause__________.
A.laptopscaneasilybetransportedandconvenientlyusedintemporaryspaces.
B.laptopsaremoreefficientandportablethandesktops.
C.itismoredifficultforpeopletodesignandproducelaptops.
D.laptopsuseasmall,flatdesigninwhichallthepiecesfittogethersnugly.
标准答案:
C
学生答案:
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
(5).(单选题)(1分)Whatisthepossiblefunctionofaserialporttoalaptopcomputer?
A.Toattachamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoalaptop.
B.Tointegrateamouseintothekeyboardonalaptop.
C.Toattacharegularmouse,touchpad,trackball,orpointingsticktoalaptop.
D.Toaddaregularkeyboardormousetoalaptop.
标准答案:
D
学生答案:
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
ReadingofUnit2
Anoperatingsystemisalayer(层)ofsoftwarewhichtakescareoftechnicalaspectsofacomputer'soperation.Itshields(防护,保护)theuserofthemachinefromthelow-leveldetailsofthemachine'soperationandprovidesfrequentlyneededfacilities(工具).Thereisnouniversaldefinitionofwhatanoperatingsystemconsistsof.Youcanthinkofitasbeingthesoftwarewhichisalreadyinstalledonamachine,beforeyouaddanythingofyourown.Normallytheoperatingsystemhasanumberofkeyelements:
(i) Atechnicallayerofsoftwarefordriving(驱动)thehardwareofthecomputer,likediskdrives,thekeyboardandthescreen;
(ii)Afilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically;
(iii)Asimplecommandlanguagewhichenablesuserstoruntheirownprogramsandtomanipulate(操纵,使用)theirfilesinasimpleway.Someoperatingsystemsalsoprovidetexteditors,compilers,debuggersandavarietyofothertools.Sincetheoperatingsystem(OS)isinchargeofacomputer,allrequeststouseitsresourcesanddevicesneedtogothroughtheOS;
(iv) Legalentrypointsintoitscodeforperformingbasicoperationslikewritingtodevices.
Operatingsystemsmaybeclassifiedbybothhowmanytaskstheycanperform“simultaneously”andbyhowmanyuserscanbeusingthesystem“simultaneously”.Thatis:
single-userormulti-userandsingle-taskormulti-tasking.Amulti-usersystemmustclearlybemulti-tasking.
Thefirstofthese(MS/PCDOS/Windows3x)aresingleuser,single-tasksystemswhichbuildonaROMbasedlibraryofbasicfunctionscalledtheBIOS.Thesearesystemcallswhichwritetothescreenortodisketc.Althoughalltheoperatingsystemscanofferserviceinterrupts,andthereforesimulatetheappearanceofmultitaskinginsomesituations,theolderPCenvironmentscannotbethoughtofasamulti-taskingsysteminanysense.Onlyasingleuserapplicationcouldbeopenatanytime.Windows95replacedtheoldcoroutine(协同程序)approachofquasi-multitaskingwithatruecontextswitchingapproach,butonlyasingleusersystem,withoutpropermemoryprotection.WindowsNTaddedaproperkernel(内核)withmemoryprotection,basedontheVMSsystem,originallywrittenfortheDEC/Vax.LaterversionsofWindowsNTandWindows2000(asecurityandkernelenhancedversionofNT)allowmultipleloginsalsothroughaterminalserver(终端服务器).Windows2000thushascomparablefunctionalitytoUNIXinthisrespect.
(1).(单选题)(1分)Whatisthedefinitionofanoperatingsystem?
A.Anoperatingsystemisalayerofsoftwaretakingcareoftechnicalaspectsofacomputer'soperation
B.Anoperatingsystemisafilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically
C.Anoperatingsystemisaninterfaceinchargeofcomputeroperation
D.Notmentioned
标准答案:
D
学生答案:
B
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
0
(2).(单选题)(1分)WhyisWindows3xNOTconsideredasamulti-taskingsystem?
A.OnlyasingleuserapplicationcouldbeopenatanytimeinaWindows3xsystem
B.Windows3xisasystembuildingonaROMbasedlibraryofbasicfunctionscalledtheBIOS
C.Windows3xallowsmultipleloginsalsothroughaterminalserver
D.Windows3xcan’tsimulatetheappearanceofmultitaskinginsomesituations
标准答案:
A
学生答案:
C
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
0
(3).(单选题)(1分)WhichisNOTthekeyelementofanOS?
A.Atechnicallayerofsoftwarefordrivingthehardwareofthecomputer
B.Asimplecommandlanguagewhichenablesuserstoruntheirownprogramsandtomanipulatetheirfilesinacomplicatedway.
C.Afilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically
D.Legalentrypointsintoitscodeforperformingbasicoperationslikewritingtodevices
标准答案:
B
学生答案:
C
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
0
(4).(单选题)(1分)Whatdoestheword“simultaneously”probablymean?
A.temporarily
B.immediately
C.atthesametime
D.allthetime
标准答案:
C
学生答案:
C
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
1
(5).(单选题)(1分)Accordingtothepassage,Windows2000hasanimprovedkernelof_______
A.DEC/Vax
B.WindowsNT
C.WindowsXP
D.VMS
标准答案:
B
学生答案:
B
本题总分:
1
学生得分:
1
Linux(pronounced"LINN-uks")isaversionofUNIXthathasachievedaloyalbandoffollowersoverthepastfewyears.Originallycreatedin1991,someversionsofLinuxareavailablewithoutchargeovertheInternet.Linuxisopen-s
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