考研英语二真题及参考答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及参考答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及参考答案
2018考研英语
(二)真题及参考答案(完整版)
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?
Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.
Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents’willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?
Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.
Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.
B.protectC.discussD.resolve
B.seekC.waitD.regret
B.lastC.hurtD.mislead
B.exposeC.tieD.treat
B.messageC.reviewD.concept
B.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt
B.IfC.WhenD.Though
B.continueC.disappearD.happen
asB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto
B.forgiveC.discoverD.forget
B.foodC.marriageD.schooling
withB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom
B.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence
B.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive
B.defineC.replaceD.resist
B.overlookC.designD.predict
B.rememberC.promiseD.pretend
B.outcomeC.planD.duty
B.whyC.whereD.whether
B.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain?
AsKoziatekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:
That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.
21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.
A.academictraining
B.practicalability
C.pioneeringspirit
D.mechanicalmemorization
22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.
A.haveastereotypedmind
B.havenocareermotivation
C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged
D.arenotacademicallysuccessful
23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.
A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities
B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.
A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.
A.tolerant
B.cautious
C.supportive
D.disappointed
Text2
Whilefossilfuels—coal,oil,gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:
Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?
”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling
D.rising
27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.
A.isprogressingnotably
B.isasextensiveasinEurope
C.facesmanychallenges
D.hasprovedtobeimpractical
28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.
A.windisawidelyusedenergysource
B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy
D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?
A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.
B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.
C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.
D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.
30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.
A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries
B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange
C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment
D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost
Text3
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoy
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