非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的基本功能3
动词不定式4
1.做主语4
2.做宾语;4
3.做表语5
4.做定语5
5.状语;6
6.补语6
动名词8
1.做主语8
2.做宾语9
3.做表语11
4.做定语12
分词13
1.做定语14
2.做状语14
3.做表语17
4.宾语补足语和主语补足语19
非谓语动词的时态和语态20
1.动词不定式22
2.动名词24
3.分词25
逻辑主语27
1.动名词27
2.分词28
学习英语很重要;
动宾词组;
Study;
Learn;
TostudyEnglishisimportant.
StudyingEnglishisimportant.
非谓语动词的基本功能
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
↗
↗
分词
↗
↗
√
√
√
√
动词不定式
1.做主语
TostudyEnglishisimportant.
Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine.
ItisimportanttostudyEnglish.
ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.
动词不定式的复合结构:
forsbtodosth:
2.做宾语;
Iwanttogohome.
IfindtostudyEnglish(easy).
形式宾语:
动词不定式做宾语,用it做形式宾语,而把真正的宾语动词不定式放到最后。
IfinditeasytostudyEnglish.
3.做表语
Mywishistobecomeamillionairethisyear.
4.做定语
Iamsorryformyfailuretohelphim.
Yourplan(togotravelingthisweek)isnotfeasible.
Ihavenothingtosay.
Thereisnothingtoeatinthefridge.
5.状语;
Iamgladtohearthenews.
TolearnEnglishwell,youmustspendmoretimeonlisteningandspeaking.
Icameback,onlytofindmyhousebrokeninto.
6.补语
Itellhim(tocomehereearlier).
Iwatchhimplayfootball.
使役动词:
make,let,have
感官动词:
see/watch/observe/hear/listento/
Ilistentohimplaypiano.
Imakehimcopytheword20times.
Heismadetocopytheword20timesbyme.(在变成被动语态时要加上to)
动名词
1.做主语
StudyingEnglishisimportant.
和动词不定式做主语的区别:
Collectingstampsismyhobby.
Swimmingismyhobby.
Toswimthisafternoonisabadidea.
Itisnouse/good/awasteoftime…doingsth:
It’snousearguing.
2.做宾语
IenjoylearningEnglish.
i.有些动词后面只能跟动词不定式做宾语
Idecidetoworkhard.
ii.有些动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语
avoid,finish,suggest,mind,enjoy,require,postpone(推迟),delay,practice,excuse,risk,consider,miss,imagine,deny,escape,putoff,etc
lookforwardtodoingsth:
iii.有些动词后面既能用动词不定式,也能跟动名词,意义没有差别
Begin,start,like
iv.有些动词后面既能用动词不定式,也能跟动名词,意义有差别
Forgettodosth:
Forgetdoingsth/forgethavingdonesth:
Remembertodosth
Rememberdoingsth:
/rememberhavingdonesth:
Regrettodosth:
Regretdoingsth/regrethavingdonesth:
Iregrettotellyouapieceofbadnews.
Iregrethavingtoldyouthenews.
Stoptodosth:
Stopdoingsth:
Want,require,need:
“需要“,后面用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
Thehousewantspainting.
3.做表语
Myhobbyisswimming.
Mywishistoswimintheriver.
Myhobbyisswimming.
Heisswimming.
Thebookisinteresting.
4.做定语
Singinggirl:
唱歌的女孩=girlwhoissinging
Singingpractice:
歌咏练习;practiceforsinging
动名词做定语:
表示功能,可以改写为for结构;
现在分词做定语:
表示动作,可以改写为定语从句;
Sleepingcar:
=carforsleeping:
卧铺;
Sleepingbeauty:
beautywhoissleeping
分词
现在分词与过去分词
现在分词:
主动,进行;
过去分词:
被动,完成;
Developedcountries;发达国家
Developingcountries发展中国家;
1.做定语
与动名词做定语的区别;
Brokenglass:
glasswhichisbroken
Heoftenhelpshisworkingwife(wifewhoworks)athome.
Whoisthelady(whois)standingbythedoor?
Wecanseeonlythepartofthemoon(whichis)lightedbysunlight.
2.做状语
表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随情况等。
分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
Seen(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.
Seeing(see)fromthehill,Ifindthecitybeautiful.
Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.(原因)
Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(时间)
Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.(结果)
Thestudentswentoutoftheschool,laughingandtalking.(方式或伴随状况)
Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.(表示条件)
Thismethod,triedinourvillage,resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.(时间)
为了表示明确的时间或条件,有时可在分词前加when,while,if等连词。
例如:
Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.
Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.
Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongwalkwithJane.
Iftranslatedwordbyword,thesentencewillbemeaningless.
独立主格结构:
3.做表语
Thenewsisexciting.
Don’tgetexcited,please请不要激动。
Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.
Excite,bore,interest,disappoint,surprise,exhaust,tire…:
使某人。
。
。
。
Theworkistiring(tire)
Wearetired(tire).
Thenewsisexciting.
Weareexcitedwiththenews.
Thenewsexcited/excitesus.
Hissondisappointed/disappointshim.
Hissonisdisappointing.
Heisdisappointed.
4.宾语补足语和主语补足语
分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等动词后面与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语,担当宾语补足语成分。
Don’tyouseehimcomingtowardsus.
Shesuddenlyheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.
Hewasgladtoseehissonwelltakencareofintheday-carecenter.
Youshouldkeepherinformedofwhatisgoingonhere.
Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.
在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后既可用现在分词也可以不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。
两者在意义上有时有差别。
现在分词强调动作正在进行和发展之中,而不定式表示动作的全过程已经结束。
Shesawthemangettingonthetruck.
Shesawthemangetonthetruckanddriveoff.
非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式
进行式
完成体
完成进行
主动
被动
主动
被动
不定式
todo
tobedone
tobedoing
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
tohavebeendoing
动名词
doing
beingdone
↗
havingdone
havingbeendone
havingbeendoing
分词
现在
doing
beingdone
↗
havingdone
havingbeendone
havingbeendoing
过去
done
↗
↗
↗
↗
↗
1.动词不定式
i.一般式
Isawhimenterthehall.
ii.进行式
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.
Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.
iii.完成式
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
Sheseemstohavereadthebook.
iv.被动式
Iamgladtobeaskedtocomehere.
Hewantedthelettertobemailedatonce.
2.动名词
i.一般式
ii.完成式
Iamsorryforhavingkeptyouwaiting.
Iregrethavingtoldherthenews.
但在某些动词后或在某种情况下,也可用动名词的一般式代替完成式,尽管动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
Idon’tremembereverseeingthecaranywhere.
Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelp.
Onreturninghome,shefoundherfatherhadbeensenttohospital.
iii.被动式
Hedidallthiswithoutbeingaskedbyanyone.
Heinsistedonbeingtreatedasanordinaryemployee.
Shedidn’tmindbeingleftaloneathome.
HestillrememberbeingtakentoHongKongwhenhewasachild.
Afterhavingbeeninterviewed,hewasofferedthejob.
3.分词
1.完成式
Havingdonehishomework,theboybegantowatchTV.
Havingwateredthevegetable,thefarmertookashortrest.
Nothavingdoneitright,hetriedagain.
2.被动式
Thebridge(beingbuilt)therewillbeoneofthelongestinChina.
Beingsurrounded,theenemywereforcedtoputdowntheirguns.
3.完成被动式
Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldshegiveitup.
Havingbeentoldthatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthatsupermarket.
逻辑主语
非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
1.动名词
Ienjoylisteningtomusic.
动名词的复合结构:
代词宾格/所有格/名词/名词所有格+动名词
Idon’tmindsmoking.
Idon’tmindhim/his/hisfather/hisfather’ssmoking.
2.分词
独立主格结构:
(with)逻辑主语+分词
Havingfinishedtheexercise,Iwenttobed.
Mysonhavingfinishedtheexercise,Iwenttobed.
A.Fillintheblanks
1)Doyouhaveanything_____(say)aboutthis?
2)Theywentalongthemainroad_____(lead)tothecity.
3)Iregret_____(say)thatIcan'tgowithyoutoday.
4)When_____(finish),thebookwillprobablyhave500pages.
5)Workissaid_____(do)whenabodyismade_____(move)adistance.
6)Forcenturies,theAtlanticOceankepttheAmericasfrom_____(discover)bythepeopleofEurope.
7)Thestudent's____(know)Frenchwellhelpedhimalotin_____(learning)English.
8)BeforehecametoNewYork,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword_____(speak)
9)Thebestway_____(understand)thisprincipleistoseehowitactuallyworksinpractice.
10).
B.Multiplechoice
1)Themotherdidn’tknow_____forthebrokenglass.
A.willblameB.toblameC.blamedD.blames
2)Thesecondbookwas_____byAugust1952,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight.
A.tocompleteB.completing
C.tohavebeencompletedD.tohavecompleted
3)Theresistance_____high,thecurrentinthecircuitwillbeweak.
A.isB.willbeC.isbeingD.being
4)Theywillhaveyou_____ifyoudon'tpayyourtaxes.
A.tobearrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.beingarrested
5)Becauseoftheunexpectedchanges,theypostpone____usananswer.
A.givingB.havegivenC.togiveD.tohavegiven
6)Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachair_____.
A.tositB.fortositonC.tositonD.forsitting
7)Ican'tunderstandyourmother_____athinglikethistoyou.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.tohavedone
8)_____thatbadweatherwasontheway,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonMountTaiuntilthefollowingweek.
A.BeingtoldB.tobetold
C.havingtoldD.havingbeentold
9)Johnwaseversohappy_____totheuniversitythisyear.
A.toadmitB.tohavebeenadmittedC.admittingD.havingadmitted
10)Georgesoonfellasleepwiththefirestill_____.
A.burnedB.burningC.beingburnedD.beingburning
11)After_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.
A.interviewedB.interviewing
C.beinginterviewedD.havinginterviewed
12)Anotherman-madesatelliteisreported_____intoorbityesterday.
A.tobelaunchedB.beinglaunchedC.tohavebeenlaunchedD.havingbeenlaunched.
13)Whatupsetthechildwas_____tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnottobeallowedB.himbeingnotallowing
C.hisnotbeenallowedD.himtobenotallowed
14)Heresented_____towait.Heexpectedtheminister_____himatonce.
A.tobeasked…toseeB.tobeasked…seeing
C.beingasked…seeingD.tobeasked…tohaveseen
15)"Whathappenstoyourshoes?
""Theywant_____."
A.tomendB.mendedC.mendingD.mend
16)Whenherushedintothekitchen,hefoundeveryone_____.
A.goingB.havinggoneC.togoD.gone
17)Doyouremember_____toProf.
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