湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题.docx
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湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题.docx
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湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
湖南省长郡中学2020-2021学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
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一、阅读选择
AlbertHofmannwasaSwissscientistwhowasfascinatedbynature.Thisledhimtoacareerinchemistryinwhichhesoughtanswerstohisuncertainties.HeworkedatSandozLaboratorieswherehenurturedhisresearchwork,andtherehemadealotofsuccessbyworkingwithvariousplantsandchangingthemintosomethinguseful.Hebecamefamouswhenhebecamethefirstpersontoproducelysergicaciddiethylamide(LSD)(迷幻药).Inaddition,hewasalsothefirstpersontotasteitandlearnaboutitshallucinogenic(引起幻觉的)effects.HewasdeeplyconnectedtonatureandarguedthatLSD,besidesbeingusefulforpsychiatry(精神病学),couldalsobeusedtopromoteawarenessofmankind’splaceinnature.However,hewasdisappointedthathisdiscoverywasbeingcarelesslyusedasadrugforentertainment.Becauseofhisdiscovery,LSDfanshavefondlycalledhim“theFatherofLSD”.Besidescarryingouthisscientificexperiments,healsoauthorednumerousbooksandmorethan100scientificarticles.In2007,hefeaturedinalistofthe100greatestlivinggeniuses,publishedbyTheTelegraphNewspaper.
Childhood&Earlylife
AlbertHofmannwasborninBaden,Switzerland,onJanuary11,1906.Hewastheeldestoffourchildren.Hisfatherwasapoortoolmakerinafactoryandtheylivedinarentedapartment.Hespentmuchofhischildhoodoutdoorsandgrewupwithadeepconnectionwithnature.
Hehadmind-blowingexperiencesinchildhood.Duringhisgrowth,naturewaschangedinmagicalwaysthathedidn’tunderstand.Theseexperiencescausedquestionsinhismind,andchemistrywasthescientificfieldwhichallowedhimtounderstandthem.
HestudiedchemistryatZurichUniversity,andhismaininterestwasthechemistryofplantsandanimals.At23,heearnedhisPhDwithhonors.
1.WhatledAlbertHofmanntoacareerinchemistry?
A.Hisfans.
B.Hisfather.
C.Hisfamily.
D.Hisinterest.
2.Fromthepassage,weknow.
A.LSDwasbeingwronglyused
B.LSDwasnotusefulforpsychiatry
C.thisdiscoveryofLSDmadeAlbertHofmannsurprised
D.thisdiscoveryofLSDcouldchangemankind’splaceinnature
3.WhichcanbeinferredaboutAlbertHofmannfromthepassage?
A.Hehasfourbrothersorsisters.
B.Hehasfoundmanyusefulplants.
C.HeearnedhisPhDin1929.
D.Heonlyconcentratedonscientificexperiments.
Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyoucouldn’tsee.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfingers.Howdoyoufeel,then?
Withmedicalknowledgeandskillstoday,two-thirdsoftheworld’s42millionblindpeopleshouldnothavetosuffer.Unluckily,richcountrieshavethisknowledge,butdevelopingcountriesdonot.
ORBISisaninternationalcharitable(慈善的)organization.Itsgoalistohelpfightblindnessallovertheworld.InsideaDC-8airplane,thereisateachinghospitalwithatelevisionroomandaclassroom.Doctorsaretaughtthelatesttechnologyofhelpingtheblindgetsightagainhere.ORBISisalwaystryingtokeepacloserrelationamongcountries.
ORBIShelpsthosedevelopingcountriesbyprovidingsight-savingtraining.Ithastaughtover35,000doctorsandnurses.Theycontinuetotreatthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.Theyhavetraveledaroundtheearth3times,visited76countriesandtreatedover20,000blindpeople.Theyneedyourhelptocontinuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.
Forjust$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380,10peoplecansee;$1,300helpstrainadoctornewskills;andfor$13,000youcanprovideatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorswhocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourlovecanhelpthemopentheireyestotheworld.
4.Howmanyblindpeopleshouldnothavetosufferwithmedicalknowledgeandskillstoday?
A.14million.
B.42million.
C.28million.
D.200million.
5.Alotofblindpeopleintheworldhavetosufferbecause.
A.ORBISdidn’tdoitsbesttoofferhelp
B.thereisnogoodmedicalknowledgeandskills
C.somecountriescan’taffordmedicalknowledgeandskills
D.developingcountriesdon’tpaymuchattentiontotheblind
6.Accordingtothispassage,ORBIShelpsfightblindnessbydoingthefollowingEXCEPT.
A.writingthiskindofarticlestoaskforhelp
B.providingsight-savingtraining
C.treatingthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear
D.tryingtokeepacloserelationamongcountries
7.Thepurposeofthispassageisto.
A.introduceacharitableorganizationORBIStopeople
B.callonpeopletogivetheblindahand
C.tellpeoplehowtheyfeeliftheylosetheireyes
D.explainwhyORBIShelpsfightblindness
Someofthebestresearchondailyexperienceisrootedinratesofpositiveandnegativeinteractions,whichhasprovedthatbeingblindlypositiveornegativecancauseotherstobefrustratedorannoyedortosimplytuneout.
Overthelasttwodecades,scientistshavemaderemarkablepredictionssimplybywatchingpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthenscoringtheconversationsbasedontherateofpositiveandnegativeinteractions.Researchershaveusedthefindingstopredicteverythingfromthelikelihoodthatacouplewilldivorcetothechancesofaworkteamhavinghighcustomersatisfactionandproductivitylevels.
MorerecentresearchhelpsexplainwhythesebriefexchangesmatterSomuch.Whenyouexperiencenegativeemotionsasaresultofcriticismorrejection,forexample,yourbodyproduceshigherlevelsofthestresshormone,whichshutsdownmuchofyourthinkingandactivates(激活)conflictanddefensemechanisms(机制).Youassumesituationsasbeingworsethantheyactuallyare.
Whenyouexperienceapositiveinteraction,itactivatesaverydifferentresponse.Positiveexchangesincreaseyourbody’sproductionofoxytocin,afeel-goodhormonethatincreasesyourabilitytocommunicatewith,cooperatewithandtrustothers.Buttheeffectsofapositiveoccurrencearelessdramaticandlastingthantheyareforanegativeone.Weneedatleastthreetofivepositiveinteractionstooutweigh(比……更重要)everyonenegativeexchange.Badmomentssimplyoutweighgoodones.Whetheryou’rehavingaconversation,keepthissimpleshortcutinmind:
Atleast80percentofyourconversationshouldbefocusedonwhat’sgoingright.
Workplaces,forexample,oftenseethis.Duringperformancereviews,managersroutinelyspend80percentoftheirtimeonweaknessesand“areasforimprovement”.Theyspendroughly20percentofthetimeonstrengthsandpositiveaspects.Anytimeyouhavediscussionswithapersonorgroup,spendthevastmajorityofthetimetalkingaboutwhatisworking,andusetheremainingtimetoaddressweaknesses.
8.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“tuneout”inParagraph1?
A.stoplistening
B.changeone’smind
C.losetemper
D.beataloss
9.Whatwillhappenifyouexperiencenegativeemotions?
A.Muchofyourthinkingwillbeprevented.
B.You’llbegintolookforthebrightsideoflife.
C.Youwillfeelanurgetoimproveandbecomebetter.
D.You’llbemotivatedtoresolveconflictswithpeople.
10.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?
A.Weneedapositivefeelingtobeatonenegativefeeling.
B.Negativefeelingscansometimespromoteourproductivity.
C.Ourconversationshouldcenteronwhatneedsimprovement.
D.Theeffectofnegativefeelingslastslongerthanthatofpositiveones.
11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Waystopreventnegativethoughts.
B.Positiveinteractionsmakethedifference.
C.Whynegativethinkingisunnecessary.
D.Howtopromoteworkplaceproductivity.
二、阅读理解
MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.
ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedproper.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.
BradfordsaidthatlargemodemtheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater’slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”
Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplansweregivenupbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.
Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.
12.Inwhatwaywasyesterday’scleanupatthePlazaspecial?
A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.
B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.
C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.
D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.
13.WhywasTheLastPictureStowputon?
A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.
B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.
C.Theaudiencerequestedit.
D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.
14.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?
A.Itwillberepaired.
B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuse
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