化学常用英语.docx
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化学常用英语.docx
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化学常用英语
化学常用词汇汉英对照表
作者:
不详 阅读:
4263次 时间:
2003-7-10 来源:
不详
氨
ammonia
氨基酸
aminoacid
铵盐
ammoniumsalt
饱和链烃
Saturatedaliphatichydrocarbon
苯
benzene
变性
denaturation
不饱和烃
unsaturatedhydrocarbon
超导材料
superconductivematerial
臭氧
ozone
醇
alcohol
次氯酸钾
potassiumhypochlorite
醋酸钠
sodiumacetate
蛋白质
protein
氮族元素
nitrogengroupelement
碘化钾
potassiumiodide
碘化钠
sodiumiodide
电化学腐蚀
electrochemicalcorrosion
电解质
electrolyte
电离平衡
ionizationequilibrium
电子云
electroncloud
淀粉
starch
淀粉碘化钾试纸
starchpotassiumiodidepaper
二氧化氮
nitrogendioxide
二氧化硅
silicondioxide
二氧化硫
sulphurdioxide
二氧化锰
manganesedioxide
芳香烃
arene
放热反应
exothermicreaction
非极性分子
non-polarmolecule
非极性键
non-polarbond
肥皂
soap
分馏
fractionaldistillation
酚
phenol
复合材料
composite
干电池
drycell
干馏
drydistillation
甘油
glycerol
高分子化合物
polymer
共价键
covalentbond
官能团
functionalgroup
光化学烟雾
photochemicalfog
过氧化氢
hydrogenperoxide
合成材料
syntheticmaterial
合成纤维
syntheticfiber
合成橡胶
syntheticrubber
核电荷数
nuclearchargenumber
核素
nuclide
化学电源
chemicalpowersource
化学反应速率
chemicalreactionrate
化学键
chemicalbond
化学平衡
chemicalequilibrium
还原剂
reducingagent
磺化反应
sulfonationreaction
霍尔槽
HullCell
极性分子
polarmolecule
极性键
polarbond
加成反应
additionreaction
加聚反应
additionpolymerization
甲烷
methane
碱金属
alkalimetal
碱石灰
sodalime
结构式
structuralformula
聚合反应
po1ymerization
可逆反应
reversiblereaction
空气污染指数
airpollutionindex
勒夏特列原理
LeChatelier'sprinciple
离子反应
ionicreaction
离子方程式
ionicequation
离子键
ionicbond
锂电池
lithiumcell
两性氢氧化物
amphoterichydroxide
两性氧化物
amphotericoxide
裂化
cracking
裂解
pyrolysis
硫氰化钾
potassiumthiocyanate
硫酸钠
sodiumsulphide
氯化铵
ammoniumchloride
氯化钡
bariumchloride
氯化钾
potassiumchloride
氯化铝
aluminiumchloride
氯化镁
magnesiumchloride
氯化氢
hydrogenchloride
氯化铁
iron(III)chloride
氯水
chlorinewater
麦芽糖
maltose
煤
coal
酶
enzyme
摩尔
mole
摩尔质量
molarmass
品红
magenta或fuchsine
葡萄糖
glucose
气体摩尔体积
molarvolumeofgas
铅蓄电池
leadstoragebattery
强电解质
strongelectrolyte
氢氟酸
hydrogenchloride
氢氧化铝
aluminiumhydroxide
取代反应
substitutionreaction
醛
aldehyde
炔烃
alkyne
燃料电池
fuelcell
弱电解质
weakelectrolyte
石油
Petroleum
水解反应
hydrolysisreaction
四氯化碳
carbontetrachloride
塑料
plastic
塑料的降解
plasticdegradation
塑料的老化
plasticageing
酸碱中和滴定
acid-baseneutralizationtitration
酸雨
acidrain
羧酸
carboxylicacid
碳酸钠
sodiumcarbonate
碳酸氢铵
ammoniumbicarbonate
碳酸氢钠
sodiumbicarbonate
糖类
carbohydrate
烃
hydrocarbon
烃的衍生物
derivativeofhydrocarbon
烃基
hydrocarbonyl
同分异构体
isomer
同素异形体
allotrope
同位素
isotope
同系物
homo1og
涂料
coating
烷烃
alkane
物质的量
amountofsubstance
物质的量浓度
amount-of-substanceconcentrationofB
烯烃
alkene
洗涤剂
detergent
纤维素
cellulose
相对分子质量
relativemolecularmass
相对原子质量
relativeatomicmass
消去反应
eliminationreaction
硝化反应
nitratlonreaction
硝酸钡
bariumnitrate
硝酸银
silvernitrate
溴的四氯化碳溶液
solutionofbromineincarbontetrachloride
溴化钠
sodiumbromide
溴水
brominewater
溴水
brominewater
盐类的水解
hydrolysisofsalts
盐析
salting-out
焰色反应
flametest
氧化剂
oxidizingagent
氧化铝
aluminiumoxide
氧化铁
iron(III)oxide
乙醇
ethanol
乙醛
ethana1
乙炔
ethyne
乙酸
ethanoicacid
乙酸乙酯
ethylacetate
乙烯
ethene
银镜反应
silvermirrorreaction
硬脂酸
stearicacid
油脂
oilsandfats
有机化合物
organiccompound
元素周期表
periodictableofelements
元素周期律
periodiclawofelements
原电池
primarybattery
原子序数
atomicnumber
皂化反应
saponification
粘合剂
adhesive
蔗糖
sucrose
指示剂
Indicator
酯
ester
酯化反应
esterification
周期
period
族
group(主族:
maingroup)
常用英文化学分子式、方程式及数学式的读法
作者:
赵乐等 阅读:
3709次 时间:
2003-8-9 来源:
化学化工天地
Na2SO4Sodiumsulphate;C-a-two-S-O-four
Mg(OH)2magnesiumhydroxide;M-g-pause-O-H-pause-twice;M-g-inbracketstwice
Ca2(PO4)3·2H2Ocalciumphosphatetwohydrate;C-a-two-pause-P-Ofour-pause-threetimes-dot-two-Htwo-O
[Zn(NH3)4]2+tetra-ammoniumzinccomplexcation
®give;yield;produce,form,become
evolvedasagas;giveoffagas
¯isprecipitated;givesXprecipitate
=reactsreversibly
Cu,Dintheprecenceofacopperasacatalystonheating
CO32-+Ca2+=CaCO3¯acarbonateanionwithavalancyoftwoplusacalciumcationwithavalancyoftwoproduceacalciumcarbonateprecipitate
R’Rprime
R”Rdoubleprime,Rsecondprime
R1Rsubone
100°ConehundreddegreesCentigrade
+plus;positive
-minus;negative
´multipliedby;times
¸dividedby
±plusorminus
=isequalto;equals
ºisidenticallyequalto
»isapproximatelyequalto
()roundbrackets;parentheses
[]squarebrackets
{}braces
a>>baismuchgreaterthanb
a³baisgreaterthanorequaltob
aµbavariesdirectlyasb
lognXlogXtothebasen
thecubicrootofx
thenthrootofx
x2xsquare,xsquared,thesquareofx
XnXtonfactors;thenthpowerofx;xtothepowern
x-8xtotheminuseighthpower
ïxïtheabsolutevalueofx
themeanvalueofX
thesumofthetermsindicated;summationof
Dxordxtheincrementofx
dxdifferentialx
dy/dxthefirstderivativeofywithrespecttox
òintegral
¥infinity
1/2ahalf;onehalf
2/3twothirds
5/123fiveoverahundredandtwenty-three
eightandthreeoverfourths;eightandthreequarters
0.01OpointOone;zeropointzeroone;noughtpointnoughtone
6%6percent
3‰3permille
2:
3theratiooftwotothree
r=xdrequalsxmultipliedbyd
5´2=10fivetimestwoequalsten
x3/8=y2xraisedtothethirdpowerdividedbyeightequalsysquared
(a+b-c´d)/e=faplusbminuscmultipliedbyd,alldividedbyeequalsf
y=(Wt-W)/xyequalsWsubtminusWoverx
上一篇:
CommonChemicalPrefixandSuffix
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《Ei数据库文摘要求》摘录
2 NOMENCLATUREOFINORGANICCOMPOUNDS
Namingelements
Thetermelementreferstoapuresubstancewithatomsallofasinglekind.Atpresent107chemicalelementsareknown.FormostelementsthesymbolissimplytheabbreviatedformoftheEnglishnameconsistingofoneortwoletters,forexample:
oxygen=O nitrogen=N magnesium=Mg
Someelements,whichhavebeenknownforalongtime,havesymbolsbasedontheirLatinnames,forexample:
iron=Fe(ferrum) copper=Cu(cuprum) lead=Pb(Plumbum)
AfewelementshavesymbolsbasedontheLatinnameofoneoftheircompounds,theelementsthemselveshavingbeendiscoveredonlyinrelativelyrecenttimes1,forexample:
sodium=Na(natrium=sodiumcarbonate)
potassium=K(kalium=potassiumcarbonate)
AlistingofsomecommonelementsmaybefoundinTable1.
Table1NamesofSomeCommonElements
Symbol
Name
Symbol
Name
Symbol
Name
Ag
Silver
Co
Cobalt
Ni
Nickel
Al
Aluminium
Cr
Chromium
O
Oxygen
As
Arsenic
Cu
Copper
P
Phosphorus
Au
gold
F
Fluorine
Pb
Lead
B
boron
Fe
Iron
Pd
Palladium
Ba
Barium
H
Hydrogen
Pt
Platinum
Bi
Bismuth
Hg
Mercury
S
Sulfur
Br
Bromine
I
Iiodine
Se
Selenium
C
Carbon
K
Potassium
Si
Silicon
Ca
Calcium
Mg
Magnesium
Sn
Tin
Cd
Cadmium
Mn
Manganese
Ti
Titanium
Ce
Cerium
N
Nitrogen
U
Uranium
Cl
Chlorine
Na
Sodium
Zn
Zinc
NamingMetalOxides,BasesandSalts
Acompoundisacombinationofpositiveandnegativeionsintheproperratiotogiveabalancedchargeandthenameofthecompoundfollowsfromnamesoftheions,forexample,NaCl,issodiumchloride;Al(OH)3isaluminiumhydroxide;FeBr2isiron(II)bromideorferrousbromide;Ca(OAc)2iscalciumacetate;Cr2(SO4)3ischromium(III)sulphateorchromicsulphate,andsoon.Table3givessomeexamplesofthenamingofmetalcompounds.ThenameofthenegativeionwillneedtobeobtainedfromTable2.
Table2 SomeCommonNegativeIons
Name
Symbol
Name
Symbol
Nitrate
NO3-
Nitrite
NO2-
Carbonate
CO32-
Sulphite
SO32-
Sulphate
SO42-
Phosphite
PO33-
Phosphate
PO43-
Arsenite
AsO33-
Hydrogensulphate
HSO4-
Hydrogensulphite
HSO3-
Hydrogencarbonate
HCO3-
Hypo-chlorite
ClO-
Arsenate
AsO43-
Cyanide
CN-
Iodate
IO3-
Iodide
I-
Chlorate
ClO3-
Fluoride
F-
Chromate
CrO4-
Chloride
Cl-
Dichromate
Cr2O72-
Bromide
Br-
Perchlorate
ClO4-
Sulphide
S2-
Permanganate
MnO4-
Oxide
O2-
Acetate
OAc-
Hydride
H-
Oxalate
C2O42-
Hydroxide
OH-
Table3 NamesofSomeMetalOxides,BasesandSalts
Formula
Name
FeO
iron(II)oxide
ferrousoxide
Fe2O3
iron(III)oxide
ferricoxide
Sn(OH)2
tin(II)hydroxide
Stannoushydroxide
Sn(OH)4
tin(IV)hydroxide
stannichydroxide
Hg2SO4
mercury(I)sulphate
Mercuroussulphate
HgSO4
mercury(II)sulphate
Mercuricsulphate
NaClO
sodiumhypochlorite
K2Cr2O7
Potassiumdichromate
Cu3(AsO4)2
copper(II)arsenate
cupricarsenate
Cr(OAc)3
Chromium(III)acetate
Chromicacetate
Negativeions,anions,maybemonatomicorpolyatomic.Allmonatomicanionshavenamesendingwith-ide.Twopolyatomicanionswhichalsohavenamesendingwith-idearethehydroxideion,OH-,andthecyanideion,CN-.
Manypolyatomicanionscontainoxygeninadditiontoanotherelement.Thenumberofoxygenatomsinsuchoxyanionsisdenotedbytheuseofthesuffixes-iteand-ate,meaningfewerandmoreoxygenatoms,respectively.Incaseswhereitisnecessarytodenotemorethantwooxyanionsofthesameelement,theprefixeshypo-andper-,meaningstillfewerandstillmoreoxygenatoms,respectively,maybeused,forexample,
hypochlorite ClO
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