学英语六级常见议论文和说明文写作.docx
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学英语六级常见议论文和说明文写作.docx
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学英语六级常见议论文和说明文写作
Part4大学英语六级常见议论文和说明文写作
1.对立争论法
题目中只有一个主体,就这一主体展开不同观点的论证。
第一段点题,不表态。
第二段阐述正面的观点。
第三段阐述反面的观点。
结尾段表态,提出理由。
例1:
Childrenshouldneverbeeducatedathomebytheirparents.Giveyouropinions.
Insomecountriesasmallnumberofparentsarechoosingtoeducatetheirchildrenathomeratherthansendingthemtoschool.Thismaybeforpracticalreasons,suchaswhenafamilylivesalongwayfromthenearestschool,orthroughparents'personalchoicetotakeontheresponsibilityfortheirchildren'seducation.
Educatingyourchildrenathomedoesseemtohaveanumberofadvantages.Firstofall,parentsmaybeabletoprovideamorepracticaleducationfortheirchildrenthanschoolscan,teachingskillsneededintherealworldsuchashomemanagementorgardening.Achild'sownhomeislikelytoprovideamorerelaxingatmosphereforstudythanthatwhichaschoolcanoffer.Furthermore,parentsareinabetterpositiontokeeptheirchildrenawayfrombadinfluencesiftheycankeepwatchoverthemathome.Thirdly,parentsareoftensaidtoknowwhatisbestfortheirchildren.
However,therearemanyargumentsinsupportofsendingchildrentoschoolratherthaneducatingthemathome.Childrenareisolatedathome;atschooltheyaregiventheopportunitytodevelopinasocialcontext,andbecomeaccustomedtomeetingpeopleindependently.Moreover,schoolscanprovideprofessionallytrainedteachersandallkindsofeducationalfacilities.Finally,parentsaretooemotionally'close'totheirchildrentomakeverygoodteachers.
Inmyopinion,educationatschoolispreferabletoeducationathome.Therearespecialcases(forexample,fordisabledchildren)inwhichhomeeducationistheonlyoption;however,forthevastmajorityofchildrengreaterbenefitsaregainedbygoingtoschool.
例2:
Somepeoplethinkschooluniformspreventchildren'spersonalitiesfromdeveloping.Whatisyouropinion?
Givereasonsforyouranswer.
Nowadays,moreandmoreschoolsdemandtheirpupilstowearschooluniforms.Thatiswhypeopleoftenseegroupsofgirlsandboyswearingtheclothesofthesamecolorandthesamestyle.Butthisphenomenongivesrisetoaheateddebate.
Somepeoplesayuniformsmakeschoolchildrenfeelthathe/sheisamemberofaunitandthisfeelingenhancestheirsenseofsolidaritywiththeirfellowstudents.Educationalauthoritiesevenclaimthatuniformsdistinguishstudentsfromdifferentschoolssoitmakesaschoolchildrealizethathis/herbadbehaviorwillruinthereputationoftheschool.Sotheybelievethatwearinguniformsisaneffectivewaytodisciplinepupils.
However,justaseverythinghasbothitsgoodandbadsides,compulsorywearingofschooluniformshassomenegativeeffects.Foronething,complaintsarefrequentlymadeaboutthepoorqualityandhighpriceofuniforms.Fortheother,manypeopleholdtheviewthatschoolsshouldencouragetheirstudentstobecreative,anditissenselesstoforcethemtodowhattheydon'tlike.Thatistosay,forcingpupilstowearuniformsarenotconducivetothementaldevelopmentofschoolchildren.
Formypart,Isidewiththosewhodon'tthinkpupilsshouldwearuniforms.Ithinksomeschoolsoverratetheimpactsthatuniformsmakeindiscipline.Instead,pupilsshouldlearntodisciplinewillinglyratherthanforcibly.Whatismore,schoolchildren,justlikeadults,haverightstopursuetheirinterestsandlikes.Butuniformsfailincateringtothedifferentneedsofdifferentpupils.Also,itconfineschildren'screativethinkingmoreorless.
例3:
ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively(P182)
1.有人认为读书要有选择。
2.有人认为应当博览群书。
3.我的看法。
Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.
Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmindsandweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecannotreadallthebooks,weshouldreadselectively.
Butothersmaynotagree.Theyemphasizethattoday’ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sinceweshouldhavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.
Whoisright?
Thereisalottobesaidforbothsidesoftheargument.However,Ithinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirstandthenreadselectivelyanddigintothesubjectwewanttospecializein.
例4:
IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
(P183)
AtestofspokenwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).ManypeoplebelievethatatestofspokenEnglishisnecessarybecausespokenEnglishisanimportantpartofthelanguage.OnlywhenonespeaksfluentEnglishcanonesayhehasreallymasteredthelanguage.Therefore,atestoughttobedevisedtoassessone’sabilityinspokenEnglish.
However,somepeoplethinkthatatestofwrittenEnglishisenoughandatestofspokenEnglishisnotnecessary.Theyholdthatone’sabilityinEnglishcanbeshowninatestofwrittenEnglishandatestofspokenEnglishwilladdburdentothestudents.
Ibelievethatitisofgreatimportanceforeveryforeignlanguagelearnertospeakthelanguagewithfluency.AtestofspokenEnglishwillstimulatestudentstoimprovetheiroralEnglish.Thereforesuchatestisnecessary.AndIintendtotakeitifpossible.
Homework:
Airtransportisincreasinglyusedtoexporttypesoffruitsandvegetablestocountrieswherethoseplantscannotgroworareoutofseason.Somesayitisagoodthing,butothersconsiderthisuseofairtransportcannotbejustified.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
2.优势并列法
与对立争论法不同,它并不阐述针锋相对的观点,二是阐述两个主体各自的优势。
第一段点题,不表态。
第二段阐述一方的优势。
第三段阐述另一方的优势。
结尾段表态,提出理由。
例1:
Someteacherssaystudentsshouldbeorganizedintogroupstostudy,whileothersarguethatstudentsshouldbemadetostudyalone.Tellthebenefitsofeachstudymethod.Whichonedoyouthinkismoreeffective?
Thevalueofworkingtogether(groupstudy)hasbeenshowntobeaneffectivemethodforstudentstobecomesuccessfullearners,butwhilemoststudentshavebeenaccustomedtothistraditionalwayoflearning,othersprefertostudyaloneattheirownpace.Thetwoapproacheseachhavedistinctadvantages,andthechoiceismoreamatterofpersonalpreference.
Groupstudyisstronglyadvocatedbysomebecauseitrequiresthesharingofideasamonggroupmembers.Duringgroupstudy,afterlisteningtowhattheirfellowstudentssay,studentscandiscussordebatewitheachotherifthereisadisagreement.Naturally,ontheonehand,theywouldquicklygetthepoint;ontheotherhand,theircommunicationskillsandcriticalthinkingabilitiesaregreatlyenhanced.Moreover,peerpressurecanbeapositiveforcewhichcanmotivateandchallengethestudentstodotheirbest.Thisco-operationamongthegroupmemberswillcertainlycultivatetheirteamspirit,whichishighlydemandedbythefuturework.Andthecompetitivelearningenvironmentalsopreparesthestudentsforthefuturereality.
However,studyingalonealsoofferssomeuniquebenefitstothestudents.Firstofall,theindividuallearneriskeptawayfromthedistractingconversationorunnecessaryinterruptionsinaclassroomwithmanystudents.Thentheyenjoymorefreedominmanagingtheirownbusinesses,e.g.theycanorganizetheirtime,studyanywhereoreverywhere,wellconcentrateonwhattheyaredoing,makemoreefficientuseoftheirtimeandstudymoreeffectively.Also,theindividuallearnercanpacehisorherownlearninganddecideforhimselforherselfwhentostartorwhentostop.Thisisespeciallyhelpfultothoseintellectuallygiftedstudentswhomaybeboredwithregularbutsimpleclassroomteaching.Thisfreeworkinghabitwillleadthoseintelligentstudentstoacademicsuccessmoreeasilybydevelopingtheirindependentthinkingandproblem-solvingabilities.
Inconclusion,therearestrongargumentsforeachstudymethod,butasfarasIamconcerned,groupstudyismoreeffectivebecauseIfeelthatifthelearnershareswhatheknowswithsomeoneelsethenhisownunderstandingofthesubjectmattercouldbefurtherimproved.
例2:
MyViewonJob-hopping(P180)
1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作,因为......
2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作,因为......
3.我的看法
“Youresignedagain!
What’syournewjob?
...”Jobhoppinghasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especiallytheyoungpeople.
Manypeopleareinclinedtodoonejobintheirlives.Intheiropinion,peoplewhochangetheirjobfrequentlyaresuperficialandtactless.Theybelievethattheonlywaytosuccessistosticktoonejob,forconstantpracticeinaprofessionalfieldhelpsmakeanexpert.
Buttherearestillmanypeoplewhowon’tagree.Theyarguethatchangemeansprogress.Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourpresentjob,ofcourseyouhavetherighttoreplaceitwithmorechallengingandbetterpaidjob.Everychangeisasteptofurthersuccess.Thisideamaybethereasonwhytheychangetheirjobssooften.
Formypart,Ithinkitreasonabletochangeyourjobifyouhaveabetteropportunity.Butonceyouhavefoundapositionwhereyoucanfullydisplayyourability,you’dbettersettledownandputyourwholeheartintoit.Onlyinthisway,canyougetthetruejoyofachievingyourgoals.
3.并列讨论法
如果题目是一个主题的两个方面,首段点题并表态,说明两个方面并存。
第二段论述一个方面。
第三段论述另一个方面。
结尾段总结全文。
例1:
Telephoneplaysaveryimportantroleinmodernlife.Thereisnodoubtthatithasimprovedthequalityofourlivesinmanyways.Inotherways,however,ithasbadeffectonourlives.Discussboththepositiveandnegativeeffectsoftelephoneonmodernlife.Supp
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