高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解附答案解析.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解附答案解析.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解附答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinoneseven-dayperiodlastmonth.
AlthoughtheRussianapphasbecomeknownforitsprivacyissues,themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(尽情玩乐)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.I'msurprisedbythis.Mostyoungerpeopleareindenial(否认)aboutoldage,doingalmostnothingtoprepareforit.Werarelyhaveachancetoplanforthefuture,withincreasingtimeandfinancialpressures.Thosepressuresbringsacrificesthatwemaynotalwayswanttomake:
wecannolongeraffordtospendthetimeorthemoneyneededtolookafterourelderlyparents.
Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.Afterafewminutesoftheconsultation,Iunderstandwhy:
they'renotsick,andoftentheydon'tfeelsick.Theyjustneedsomeone—anyone-totalkto.
Althoughlonelinesshasnomedicalclassification,thehealtheffectsarereal:
theresultoflonelinessandisolationcanbeasharmfultoourhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,andismoredamagingthanobesity.Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.
Sowhatnext?
Since1980,wearelivingonaverage10yearslonger.Atthesametime,peoplearehavingfewerandfewerchildren,andtheyarehavingthemmuchlaterinlife.Thesnakeofaworldclasshealthserviceiseatingitsowntail;itscareisprolonging(延长)people'slives,butastheratioofpensioners(退休人员)toworking-agepeopleincreases,therearefewertaxpayerstofundthatveryhealthservice.
IntothisvoidhavesteppedNGOs,charitiesandvolunteers.Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmetersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofintergenerational(两代间的)cooperation—oftenundersameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareistreatedthesameaschildcare,whereemployersrecognizethedutyofsomeonewithanelderlyparentthesamewaytheyrecognizethoseofsomeonewithanewbornchild.
(1)TheexampleofFaceAppisusedto_____.
A. provethepopularityofit
B. explainthefunctionofit
C. showtheprogressoftechnology
D. introducethetopicofagingandloneliness
(2)Whatmakeselderlypeoplewithoutillnessgotoseetheirfamilydoctors?
A. Desiretohavetheconsultation.
B. Strongfeelingofloneliness.
C. Unclearmedicalissues.
D. Questionstoaskdoctors.
(3)Howcantheoldestmembersbetrulyhelped?
A. Bybeingtreatedaschildren.
B. Bygoingbacktothetraditionalsociety.
C. Byprovidingfamilycare. D. Bylivingwithotherelderlypeopleunderthesameroof.
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Thelonelinessofelderlypeopleneedsmoreattention.
B. FaceApp'spopularityprovesithasnosecurityproblems.
C. Healthservicelacksfundbecauseofprolongedpeopledlives.
D. FaceAppishelpfulindealingwithelderlypeopledloneliness.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者由FaceApp话题谈到当今的社会现象——老人感到孤独,他们需要关注。
作者认为孤独虽不是病,但它能影响人的健康,所以他呼吁人们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段"FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinoneseven-dayperiodlastmonth.“;第二段中的”...themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(尽情玩乐)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.“可知,FaceApp已经风靡全球,用户有机会通过它的算法看到自己的年龄。
据报道,在上个月的七天时间里,有1270万人下载了这本书,比纽约市的人口多了300万。
它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。
事实证明,我们对衰老的兴趣比我们意识到的更大。
作为一名家庭医生,我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。
所以FaceApp主要的功能是通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄,接着讲述老人所面临的问题—孤独和衰老。
故判断出FaceApp的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.“可知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独,他们没有生病,只想找人聊聊。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmembersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofintergenerational(两代间的)cooperation—oftenundersameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareistreatedthesameaschildcare“,可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法是和他们一起居住,并且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的”Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.“可知老人孤独并没有带来足够的健康警示,故推断人们孤独的老人应该得到更多的关注,选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.
(1)Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?
A.Rich.
B.Rare.
C.Limited.
D.Difficult.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?
A.Causes.
B.Demands.
C.Strengthens.
D.Shows.
(3)Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?
A.Activebacteria.
B.Humanactivities.
C.Theoverusesofsoil.
D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.
B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.
C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.
D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。
他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知,and为并列连词,即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。
speedup意为“加速”,C项strengthen意为“加强;增强”可为同义词。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding”然而,化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。
燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。
额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。
随着空气和土壤变得越来越热,地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。
可知,人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“soilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。
末段提出了“Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.”并提供了建议。
因此标题关键词需有soil,carbon等核心词。
A项Warmersoilandmorecarbon.符合分析。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
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