专业英语结课论文.docx
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专业英语结课论文.docx
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专业英语结课论文
Civilengineering
【Abstract】Eachsubjecthasitsowncharacteristics,hasitslooksbelikesimple,alsohasthedepthsofitisnoteasytobeseen,soiscivilengineering.Formerclassmatesgotocollegeisspeciallyforcivilengineeringspecialty,thecourseofcivilengineeringcourse,alsoletmehavesomeunderstandingonthismajor.AtthesametimealsoletmeseewhatIlearnmathmajoralsoplayedaroleincivilengineering,isnotonlyIlearnedabouthisfeltsure,alsohavesomeinterestincivilengineering.【Keyword】CivilengineeringBuildingconstructiondevelopment
【Introduction】Civilengineeringisaccompaniedbythedevelopmentofhumansocietyanddeveloped.Ithasbuiltfacilitiesreflectthevarioushistoricalperiodsofsocialeconomy,culture,scienceandtechnologydevelopment,andcivilengineeringhasbecomeoneofthewitnessofsocialhistoricaldevelopment.
1.Theconceptofcivilengineering
Civilengineeringistobuildallkindsofengineeringfacilitiesofscienceandtechnology.Itreferstotheapplicationofmaterials,equipmentandconductedthesurvey,design,construction,maintenanceandothertechnicalactivities,alsoreferstotheobjectoftheconstructionoftheproject(i.e.tobuildonthegroundorunderground,onlandorwater,directlyorindirectlyforhumanlife,production,military,scientificresearchandserviceofallkindsofengineeringfacilities,suchashouses,roads,railways,transportationpipelines,tunnels,Bridges,canals,DAMS,ports,powerstations,airports,Marineplatform,watersupplyanddrainageandprotectiveengineering,etc.).Thepurposeofcivilengineeringisneededtoformthehumanproductionandlife,goodfunctionandcomfortableandbeautifulspaceandchannels.Symbolisboththeneedofmaterialthings,butalsospiritualneeds.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,moreandmorelarge-scale,complicatedengineeringstructure,high-risebuildings,superlargebridge,giantdam,complexsubwaysystem,meetthedemandofpeople'slife,atthesametimeevolutionasasymbolofthesocialpower.
2.Themaincontentofthecivilengineeringandfunction
Civilengineeringistheuseoftheartofthegreatnaturalresourcesforhumanbenefit(Londonroyalchartersoftheinstitutionofcivilengineerstoclarifythedefinitionof)itincludesconstructionengineering,bridgeengineering,undergroundengineering,roadandrailwayengineering,port,Marineandenvironmentalengineering,watersupplyanddrainage,disasterpreventionandmitigationandmanyothercontent.Civilengineeringinvolvesthecontentcanbeiscloselyrelatedtolife.Industry,agriculture,transportation,communication,educationandotherundertakings,isinseparablefromthecivilengineering.Suchasfactories,mines,ironRoad,roads,Bridges,shops,homes,hospitals,schools,suchasirrigationandwaterconservancyprojectconstruction,generallyreferredtoasthebasicconstructionof"place"iscivilengineering.Civilengineeringdirectlywithpeople"food,clothing,shelter,theline"iscloselyrelated,isoneoftheoldestsubjects,butitisaccompaniedbythedevelopmentofotherrelateddisciplines,deepeningtheneedsofeconomicconstructionandsocialprogress,continuetoexpand.
3.thehistoryofCivilengineering
ThehistoryofChinacivilengineeringconstruction
Inancienttimes,China'sancientarecave,inordertoavoidthebeast,anest'slegendaryinventorofthenest(China),toteachtheancientsleavenaturalcaves,thewoodforthenest,inatree.InancientChinacivilengineeringinmaterialssuchasearth,stone,wood,constructiontechnologyandartstylereachedhighlevelsofachievementatthattime.LiketheGreatWall,thezhaozhoubridge,dujiangyan,etcarerepresentativeoftheChineseancientcivilengineeringmasterpiece
Thehistoryofworldcivilengineeringconstruction
InEurope,about8000yearsago,hasstartedusingsun-driedbrick;Theadoptionofnaturalstonechiselcutaround5000to6000yearsago;Asforthefireinthebuildingbrick,alsohasahistoryof3000years.Greatancientbuildingsoftheworld,recognizedasthesevenwondersofthemostspectacular,theyareallbuiltin600BCto600BC,andallarestone,mostlyusedinreligion,military,andsailing.Andarebuiltintheeconomy,scienceandtechnologyisverydevelopedarea,indicatesthatthedevelopmentofcivilengineeringandeconomicprosperity,scienceandtechnologyprogressisinseparable.
4.Thecurrentsituationofcivilengineering
Theworldsituation
Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,withthestartusinginsteelandconcreteincivilengineering,andthesuccessofConcretemanufacturinginthelate1920s,buildskyscrapersandlargespanbuildingsandmorethan1000macrossthestraitsbridgepossible.Atpresent,theworld'stallestbuildingistheChineseTaipei101tower,totalheightis508m.Thevigorousdevelopmentofmodernsports,alsomakesthelargespanbuildingshavesprungupallovertheworld.
China'scurrentsituation
Reviewofthe20thcenturyespeciallyfor2yearsofreformandopening-up,ourcountryconstructionmaderemarkableachievements.AfterthereformandopeningupbuiltmanytallbuildingsintheChinesemainland,iscurrentlythehighestbuildinginourcountryistheworld'sfourthShanghaijinmaotower.Intermsofspecialstructure,ourcountryhas4TVtowerintheworld'stopten,whichbuiltin1995,ShanghaiOrientalpearlTVtowerataheightof468mranksthirdintheworld.Towelcomethe2008OlympicGames,Beijingwillbetheconstructionofalargenumberoflarge-spansuper-longbuildings,likethenationalstadium"bird'snest"structure,nationalswimmingcenter"watercube",nationalgrandtheatre,etc.Nomatterinthereformofengineeringstructure,buildingfunctionused,newtechnologyandnewmaterialsandreasonableuseoforganizationconstruction,orintheseismicanalysisandcomputerprogramapplicationsandtheresearchonseismiccontroltest,havereachedtheinternationaladvancedlevelinourcountry.
5.Thecharacteristicsofthemoderncivilengineering
Tomeettheneedsofallkindsofengineeringconstructionrapiddevelopment,peopleneedtobuildlarge-scale,bigspan,tall,light,large,precisionequipment,modernbuildings,requiresbothhighqualityandrapidconstruction,andhigheconomicbenefits.Thisputsforwardnewtasktothecivilengineering,andpromotethecivilengineeringdiscipline.Thetrendofitsspecificsurfacenowthefollowingseveralaspects
Buildingmaterials
High-strengthlightweightnewmaterialsappearconstantly.Lighterthansteel,aluminumalloy,magnesiumalloyandglassfiberreinforcedplastic(FRP)hasbegun.Butsomeofthesematerialselasticmodulusislow,somepricesaretoohigh,applicationscopeislimited,soisyettobemadeanewexploration.Inaddition,toimprovethestrengthanddurabilityofthesteelandconcrete,hasmaderemarkableachievements,continuetoprogress.
Engineeringgeologyandthefoundation
Constructionareaofengineeringgeologyandthestructureofthefoundationanditsinthenaturalstateofstressandmechanicalproperties,notonlydirectlydecidedtobasethedesignandconstruction,areoftenrelatedtoengineeringfacilitieslocation,structuresystemandthechoiceofbuildingmaterials,influenceisevengreaterforundergroundengineering.Thefoundationsofengineeringgeologyandexplorationtechniques,themainisstillafielddrillingsampling,analysis,laboratorytest,thisishavecertainlimitations.Inordertoadapttotheneedsofmodernlarge-scaleconstruction,eagertousemodernscienceandtechnologytocreatenewsurveymethod.
Theplanningoftheproject
Theoverallplanforthepastisoftenwithengineeringexperienceputforwardseveralproposalsandselection.Duetotheincreasingthescaleofcivilengineeringfacilities,nowhasthenecessaryitisalsopossibleusingsystemengineeringtheoryandmethodtoimprovethelevelofplanning.Majorincivilengineering,suchaslargeDAMS,willcausethechangeofnaturalenvironment,affecttheecologicalbalanceandagriculturalproductionandsoon,thesocialeffectofthiskindofprojectisbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Intheplanning,toavoiddisadvantagesmustmakeacomprehensiveconsideration.
Engineering
Effortstomakethedesignasfaraspossibleinlinewiththeactualsituation,toapply,safe,economicandbeautifultheconceptofpurpose.Forthis,hasstartedusingprobabilityandstatisticstoanalyzetheloadandmaterialstrengthvalueisdetermined,thenatureofthewindandwaves,thewavesintimeandspacedistributionandstatisticallaw,activelydevelopreflectlargeinelastic,structuredeformationofmaterials,structuraldynamicandstructuralandgeotechnicalanalysisofinteractionoffurtherresearchandimprovementofstructurereliabilitylimitstatedesignmethodandstructureoptimizationdesigntheory;Developmentatthesametimeusinghighlyefficientcalculationanddesignmethodoftheelectroniccomputer,etc.
Engineeringconstruction
Withtheexpansionofcivilengineeringandconstructionoftheresultingtomanykindsoftools,equipment,machinery,automation,large-scaledevelopment,theconstructionisincreasinglytowardsmechanizationandautomation.Atthesametime,organizationandmanagementbeganusingsystemengineeringtheoryandmethods,becomesincreasinglyscientific;Someengineeringfacilitiescontinuetotrendstructureandcomponentsfortheconstructionofstandardizationandindustrializationproduction.Inthisway,notonlycanreducecost,shortentheconstructionperiod,improvelaborproductivity,andcansolvetheproblemofspecialconditionso
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