研一英语试题.docx
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研一英语试题.docx
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研一英语试题
PartⅠVocabularyandStructure(20points)
SectionA:
Directions:
Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencethereareourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.Ascapitalandlaborbecomemoremobile,international“taxcompetition”rises,whichpolicymakersmustrespondtoinathoughtfuland______way.
A.gainfulB.inventiveC.profitableD.fruitful
2.Fromthestart,thepoliticianshadcollectivelydecidedontargetsthatare,bytheirownadmission,_____;aglobalaverage5.2percentreductioninemissionsoverthenext12years--morethantentimeslessthanweneedjusttostabilizetheproblematitscurrentlevel.
A.responsiblyB.necessarilyC.unwontedlyD.strongly
3.ScientistsnowbelievetheAmericanmicehad____thevirusallalongbuthadneverbeenpopulousenoughtoscatterinfectiousdosesinpeople’stool-shedsandbasements.
A.shelteredB.keptinmindC.protectedD.wharfed
4.Marriageandlovehavenothingincommon;theyareasfarapartasthepoles;andare,infact,_____toeachother.
A.repugnantB.oppositeC.gruesomeD.parallel
5.Similarly,educationleadersarelookingateducationalprocessesandoutcomestobetter_____theirowncustomers--students--tosucceedinthisnewandever-changingeconomy.
A.qualifyB.composeC.compriseD.modify
6.Somepeoplenoweasilyimitateorevenembracetheoutwardconsumer____ofoursocietywhilespeakingdifferentlanguagesandholdingvastlydifferentculturalandreligiousideals.
A.packagingB.furnishmentC.clothingD.accouterment
7.Thestrong____toherbabekeepsondrivinghertochoosetostayhomewithherbabyforsometime,butcanshereentertheworkforceafterthat?
A.accessoryB.supplementC.augmentD.affection
8.Somepeoplemaintainthatwearesodependentonautomobilesbecauseitismoderntimesorbecauseofour_______.
A.wealthB.effluenceC.affluxD.mobility
9.Thiseverydayneglectisworthremarkingonnotleastbecause,setagainstitsbackdrop,thefloodoftributesthatfollowedColumbia’slossstrikesanoddchord.
A.swollenB.geometricC.haughtyD.exaggerated
10.Anyone____byaparticularlanguagehearscertainsoundcombinationsmoreoftenthanothers,andbabiesarequicktohomeinonthemostprobablecombinations.
A.exterminatedB.destroyedC.attackedD.torpedoed
SectionB:
Substitution
Directions:
Inthispart,youaretochooseonewordfromthewordsmarkedA,B,CandDtosubstitutetheoneunderlinedinthesentenceinordertokeepthemeaningclosesttotheoriginalone.Markyourchoiceontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.Globalizationissteadilyandinexorablyknittingseparatenationaleconomiesintoasingleworldeconomy.
A.unitingB.combiningC.dividingD.forming
2.Ifwedon’tdothat,wewillsimplybegreeningtheindividualleavesonadyingtree.
A.dealwithB.gullibleC.decorateD.trim
3.Forallthefearithascaused,SARSclearlyisn’tthebigone,atleastnotinitscurrentincarnation.
A.personificationB.demonstrationC.manifestationD.condition
4.HenrikIbsen,thehaterofallsocialshams,wasprobablythefirsttorealizethisgreattruth.
A.truthlessB.inauthenticC.pretenceD.imitation
5.ShealsomayuploadherworkelectronicallyviatheInternettoreceiveconstructivefeedbackintimelymannerinordertomakedecisionsontheprocessandprogressofherwork.
A.emphasizeB.remedyC.appraiseD.meditate
6.However,whileit’sdifferentfromWorldWarII,ithasanalogiesinmanyotherconflicts,bothcontemporaryandhistorical.
A.distinctionB.logicalinferenceC.conclusionD.likeness
7.Everyfieldextractssomepenaltyforthosewhotaketimeoff;thequestioniswhetherit’soneyoucantolerate.
A.withstandB.connivanceC.deferD.admire
8.Butthisisjustourcarcultureprojectedbackwards.
A.protrudeB.ventureC.hurlD.overthrow
9.Thisdreamispropelledbythequickdevelopmentoftechnology.
A.counterfeitB.executeC.simulateD.impel
10.Butontheotherhand,anynumberofcongenitalorearly-lifeproblemscanderaillanguagedevelopment.
A.declineB.deviateC.swerveD.lapse
PartIIReadingComprehension(30points)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage
Whatdoesascientistdowhenheorshe"explains"something?
Scientificexplanationcomesintwoforms:
generalizationandreduction.Mostpsychologistsdealwithgeneralization.Theyexplainparticularinstancesofbehaviorasexamplesofgenerallaws.Forinstancemostpsychologistswouldexplainapathologicallystrongfearofdogsasanexamplesofclassicalconditioning.Presumably,thepersonwasfrightenedearlierinlifebyadog.Anunpleasantstimuluswaspairedwiththesightoftheanimal(perhapsthepersonwasknockeddownbyanexuberantdog)andthesubsequentsightofdogsevokestheearlierresponse-fear.
Mostphysiologistsdealwithreduction.Phenomenaareexplainedintermsofsimplerphenomena.Forexample,themovementofamuscleisexplainedintermsofchangesinthemembraneofmusclecells,entryofparticularchemicals,andinteractionsbetweenproteinmoleculeswithinthesecells.Amolecularbiologistwould"explain"theseeventsintermsofforcesthatbindvariousmoleculestogetherandcausevariouspartsofthesemoleculestobeattractedtooneanother.
Thetaskofphysiologicalpsychologyisto"explain"behaviorinphysiologicalterms.Likeotherscientists,physiologicalpsychologistsbelievethatallnaturalphenomena-includinghumanbehavior-aresubjecttothelawsofphysics.Thus,thelawsofbehaviorcanbereducedtodescriptionsofphysiologicalprocesses.
Howdoesonestudythephysiologyofbehavior?
Physiologicalpsychologistscannotsimplybereductionists.Itisnotenoughtoobservebehaviorsandcorrelatethemwithphysiologicaleventsthatoccuratthesametime.Identicalbehaviors,underdifferentconditions,mayoccurfordifferentreasons,andthusbeinitiatedbydifferentphysiologicalmechanisms:
Thismeansthatwemustunderstand"psychologically"whyaparticularbehavioroccursbeforewecanunderstandwhatphysiologicaleventsmadeitoccur.
21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.Thedifferencebetween"scientific"and"unscientific"explanations.
B.Thedifferencebetweenhumanandanimalbehavior.
C.Howthepsychologist,physiologist,andmolecularbiologistwouldexplainfear.
D.Howscientistsdifferintheirapproachestoexplainingnaturalphenomena.
22.Inthefirstparagraphtheword"deal"couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?
A.barterB.bargainC.areplayingD.areconcerned
23.Whichofthefollowingismostclearlyanalogoustotheexampleinthepassageofthepersonwhofearsdogs?
A.A.childchokesonafishboneandasanadolescentisreluctanttoeatfish.
B.Apersonfeelslonelyandafterawhilebuysadogforcompanionship.
C.Achildstudiesscienceinschoolandlatergrowsuptobecomeateacher.
D.Apersonhearsthatasnowstormispredictedthateveningandisafraidtodrivehome.
24.Accordingtohepassage,whichofthefollowingisimportantinexplainingamusclemovement?
A.Theflowofbloodtothemuscles.
B.Classicalconditioning.
C.Proteininteractions.
D.Theentryofunpleasantstimulithroughthecellmembrane.
25.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingisthetypeofscientificexplanationmostlikelyusedbyamolecularbiologist?
A.Experimentation.B.Reduction.C.Interaction.D.Generalization.
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?
”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidemakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.Youwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatsliketh
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