盘点美国度最热新闻话题.docx
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盘点美国度最热新闻话题.docx
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盘点美国度最热新闻话题
盘点美国2009年度最热新闻话题
美联社的编辑和董事们投票评出美国2009年最热的新闻话题为新闻,排在第二的是美国总统奥巴马,第三的是民主党和共和党关于医疗改革的辩论,此外阿富汗战争、甲型H1N1流感也是十大热点新闻之一。
Attheendofeachyear,editorsandnewsdirectorsoftheAssociatedPressintheUnitedStatesvoteforthetoptennewsstoriesoftheyear.
TheynamedtheAmericaneconomyasthetopnewsstoryoftwothousandnine.Thegovernmentapprovedmorethansevenhundredeightybilliondollarstohelpthestrugglingeconomy.Yettheunemploymentratewasovertenpercent.Manybanksfailed.Andthefederaldeficitreachedarecordonepointfourtrilliondollars.
Lastyear,thetopnewsstorywastheelectionofBarackObamaasthefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Thisyear,MisterObama'sinaugurationwasvotedthesecondtopstory.
ThebattlebetweenRepublicansandDemocratsoverhealthcarereformwasvotedthethirdtopstoryoftheyear.Reformofthecountry'shealthcaresystemwasoneofPresidentObama'stopgoals.
TheAmericanautoindustrywasfourthonthelist.TwoofthebigthreeAmericanautomakersfiledforbankruptcyaftersufferingsharpdropsinsales.
NextonthelistwastheH1N1virus,alsoknownasswineflu.Thevirusaffectedtensofmillionsofpeopleworldwide.OfficialssaidswineflusickenedaboutfiftymillionAmericansandkilledtenthousand.
ThewarinAfghanistanwasalsoamongthetopnewsstories.Lastmonth,PresidentObamadecidedtosendthirtythousandmoreAmericantroopstoAfghanistan.PublicopinionstudiesshowthatthewarhasgrownincreasinglyunpopularwithAmericans.
TheAPeditorssaidthedeathofsingerMichaelJacksoninJunewasalsoamongthetopnewsstories.ThefiftyyearoldinternationalstarwasjustdaysfrombeginningaseriesofperformancesinLondon.Jackson'sdoctorbecamethesubjectofapoliceinvestigationafteradmittinghegaveJacksonapowerfuldrugtohelphimsleep.
AnothertopstoryhappenedinNovember.ThirteenpeoplewerekilledinashootingatFortHoodmilitarybaseinTexas.ArmypsychiatristMajorNidalHasanisaccusedofthekillings.
SenatorEdwardKennedy'sdeathinAugustwasalsoamongthetopnewsstories.MisterKennedywasoneofthenation'slongest-servingandmostrespectedsenators.
Andfinally,thetenthnewsstoryoftheyearhasbeencalledthe"MiracleontheHudson."PilotChesleySullenbergersafelylandedaUSAirwayspassengerplaneonNewYork'sHudsonRiverafterbothitsenginesfailed.
Forthefirsttime,theAPinvitedmembersofthepublictonametheirtopnewsstories.AseparatevotewasheldonFacebook.Morethanonethousandfourhundredpeopletookpart.
TheychosePresidentObama'sinaugurationasthetopstory,followedbytheeconomy.Eightstoriesappearedonbothtoptenlists.
(文本及音频来自沪江听力频道:
09银行复活经济仍需努力
即便2010年是危机后的一年,也并不意味着2010年将是坦途的来临。
很多经济学家都认为,2008年金融危机的一个重要原因,是世界经济的失衡。
而从根本上解决世界经济的可持续复苏,就必须解决当前失衡的问题。
Twothousandninemayberememberedastheyeartheworldavoidedaneconomicdepression.
IntheUnitedStates,stockpricessanktotheirlowestlevelsinMarch.Butstocksrecoveredstronglyfortheyear.TheS&PFiveHundredindexgainedovertwentypercent--itslargestincreaseinsixyears.
Astwothousandnineended,thenation'sbiggestbanksrushedtorepaymoneyfromtheTroubledAssetReliefProgram,orTARP.InOctoberoftwothousandeight,Congressapproveduptosevenhundredbilliondollarstorescuethefinancialindustry.Lastmonth,theUnitedStatesTreasuryannouncedthatWellsFargoandCitibankhadrepaidforty-fivebilliondollars.TheyjoinedGoldmanSachs,J.P.Morgan,MorganStanleyandBankofAmericainreturninggovernmentaid.
InJune,theTreasurypermittedthetenlargestbankstoreturntheirrescuemoneyandwithdrawfromTARP.Thisletbanksescapegovernmentrestrictionsonpayfortopofficials.Now,thegovernmentholdsalargeownershipshareinonlyonebigbank,Citigroup.TheTreasurysaysitexpectsbankstorepayonehundredseventy-fivebilliondollarsofTARPmoneythisyear.
TheAmericancarindustryalsohadbigproblemsintwothousandnine.ChryslerandGeneralMotorssoughtbankruptcyprotectionfromtheircreditors.Therestructuredcompaniesmaystillneedgovernmentaid,whichhasalreadyreachedoversixtybilliondollars.ButagovernmentprogramthatpaidAmericanstotradeinoldvehiclesfornew,fuel-savingmodelsincreasedcarsalesinthesummer.
TheFordMotorCompanyrefusedgovernmentaidandisworkingtobecomeprofitableagainbytwothousandeleven.Andtherearesignsthattheindustryisstartingtorecover.
However,thehousingmarketcontinuedtosufferitsworstdownturningenerations.MortgagefinancerFannieMaereportsthatpaymentsonfivepercentofitssingle-familyhomeloansarelate.Thetenpercentunemploymentratehasmeantthatmanypeoplearestrugglingwiththeirhousepayments.
Still,consumerconfidencegrewinDecember.ExpertssayAmericanswerefeelingbetteraboutthejobmarketandtheeconomy.GrowthintheUnitedStatesisexpectedtoreachabouttwoandahalfpercentintwothousandten.
(文本及音频来自沪江听力频道:
利用新方法来治疗昏睡病
研究发现,利用这种新的治疗方法副作用较少,而且相对于传统药物来说,效果更好,成本更低。
此外,这种新的治疗方法减少了所需的注射次数,缩短了病人在医院花费的时间。
TheWorldHealthOrganizationisusinganewcombinationofdrugstotreathumanAfricantrypanosomiasisdisease,alsoknownassleepingsickness.ThedrugsnifurtimoxaneflornithinewillbegivenoutinUgandaandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.
OfficialsfromtheDrugsforNeglectedDiseasesInitiativesaythenewtreatmenthasfewersideeffects.Itisalsomoreeffectiveandlesscostlythanthedrugstraditionallyused.Inaddition,thenewtreatmentreducesthenumberofinjectionsneeded.Anditshortenstheamountoftimepatientsmustspendinthehospital.
Sleepingsicknessthreatensmillionsofpeopleinthirty-sixcountriesinAfrica.Mostliveinpoorruralareas.Thediseaseiscausedbythetrypanosomaparasite.Itisspreadtohumansthroughthebiteofinfectedtsetseflies.
Commonsignsofsleepingsicknessincludefever,headaches,extremetirednessandpaininthemusclesandjoints.Earlyidentificationofthediseasemaybedifficultbecausemanyinfectedpeopledonotshowanyimmediatesymptoms.
Overtime,theparasitesinvadethecentralnervoussystem.Thediseasecausessleepdisorders,mentalconfusion,personalitychanges,speechproblems,seizuresandcoma.Ifleftuntreated,sleepingsicknesskills.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthataboutsixtythousandpeoplearecurrentlyinfectedwiththedisease.Itdevelopsintwodifferentforms.Trypanosomagambienseisresponsibleforninetypercentofthereportedcasesofsleepingsickness.Peopleinfectedwiththisformmaydevelopthediseaseovermanyyearswithoutanymajorsymptoms.Thediseasedevelopsmorequicklyoverafewweeksormonthsinpeopleinfectedwithtrypanosomarhodesiense.
Untilnowthedrugmelarsoprolwasusedtotreatpatientsintheadvancedstageofsleepingsickness.
Butthedrugrequiresmanypainfulinjectionsseveraltimesadayforseveralweeks.Italsocausesbadsideeffects,someofwhichcanbedeadly.
InUganda,anewstudyhasconfirmedearlierresearchlinkingthespreadofsleepingsicknesstoinfectedfarmanimals.Thewritersofthestudyhavecalledforstrongerrulesrequiringcattletobetreatedbeforebeingsoldatmarket.ThestudywaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScience.
(文本及音频来自沪江听力频道:
新的联盟致力于控制农业温室气体排放
相关专家表示,农业部门产生的温室气体占每年全球温室气体排放总量的14%。
农业部门释放的温室气体包括二氧化碳在内,这是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
Expertssaythatagricultureprovidesfourteenpercentoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissionseachyear.Thegasesreleasedincludecarbondioxide,amajorcauseofglobalwarming.
Twenty-onenationsaroundtheworldrecentlyjoinedforcestobetterunderstandandpreventgreenhousegasemissionsfromfarms.TheGlobalResearchAllianceonAgriculturalGreenhouseGaseswaslaunchedattheUnitedNationsconferenceonclimatechange.
ThemeetingtookplaceinCopenhagen,Denmarklastmonth.
Agriculturalexpertsblameanumberoffarmactivitiesforproducinggreenhousegases.Forexample,animalwasteandcattledigestivesystemsreleasemethanegas.Fertilizedsoilandtheburningofcropwastealsoreleaseharmfulgasesintotheair.Expertssaysomemethodsoftilling--turningthesoiltoprepareforplanting–alsoreleaseharmfulcarbondioxide.
AnofficialoftheEuropeanCommission'sDirectorateGeneralforResearchsaysagriculturalgreenhousegasemissionscanbecut.MaiveRutesuggestsfeedinganimalsadietdesignedtoreduceemissions.
Thenewagriculturalresearchgroupsaysprotectingagainstglobalwarmingisonlypartofitspurpose.Itsaystheworldalsoneedstodevelopbetterfarmingmethodstofeedgrowingpopulationsinpoorcountries.
UnitedStatesAgricultureSecretaryTomVilsacksaidnoonesinglenationcanfightagriculturalgreenhousegasemissionsandincreasefoodproductionatthesametime.Thisiswhytheallianceisimportantforcombiningresourcesandfindingnewones.
TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturewillincreasespendingonfarmemissionsresearchbyninetymilliondollarsoverthenextfouryears.Thetotalwillreachonehundredthirtymilliondollars.TheU.S.D.A.willsharetheresearchwithothercountriesintheGlobalResearchAllianceonAgriculturalGreenhouseGases.
TheU.S.D.A.willsupportresearchersfromdevelopingcountriesthatbelongtothealliance.MoneyfromtheBorlaugFellowshipprogramwilllettheresearchersstudyagriculturalclimatechangewithAmericanscientists.
MisterVilsacksaidthatjustasclimatechangehasnoborders,thereshouldbenobordersforresearch.
(文本及音频来自沪江听力频道:
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