《英语语言学概论》题与答案.docx
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《英语语言学概论》题与答案.docx
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《英语语言学概论》题与答案
Exercises
I.MultipleChoice
1.studieslanguagechangeovertimeincontrasttolookingatlanguage
asitisusedatagivenmoment.
A.Diachroniclinguistics
B.Synchroniclinguistics
C.Prescriptivelinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
2.Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.
A.mouth
B.lips
C.tongue
D.vocalcords
3.Intermsofplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[p],[b],[m]and[w]sharethefeatureof.
A.palatal
B.alveolar
C.bilabial
D.dental
4.A(n)isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollection
ofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phone
B.sound
C.allophone
D.phoneme
5.Whichofthefollowingsounddescriptionisfor[d]?
A.voicedlabiodentalfricative
B.voicedalveolarstop
C.voicelesslabiodentalfricative
D.voicelessalveolarstop
6.Whatisthephoneticfeatureofthesound[u]?
A.closebackshort
B.semi-closefrontshort
C.semi-opencentralshort
D.openfrontshort
7.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainaderivationalaffix?
A.Thecowsescaped.
B.Itwasraining.
C.Thosesocksareinexpensive.
D.Sheclosedthebook.
8.Themorpheme“ed”intheword“worked”iskno_w_n__a_s_a.(n)
A.derivationalmorpheme
B.lexicalmorpheme
C.inflectionalmorpheme
D.functionalmorpheme
9.“-e”nin“enlarge”isa(n).
A.derivationalaffix
B.inflectionalaffix
C.freeroot
D.boundroot
10.isthesmallestunitoflanguagethatcarriesinformationaboutmeaningor
function.
A.Syntax
B.Grammar
C.Morphology
D.Morpheme
11.WhichofthefollowingformsispossiblewordofEnglish?
A.sproke
B.bsarn
C.mbood
D.coofp
12.Whichpairofwordsbelowshowstherelationofantonymy.
A.flourish—thrive
B.intelligent—stupid
C.casual—informal
D.flog—whip
13.Wecalltherelationbetween“furnitureob”e”aansd__“__w_a_r.dr
A.hyponymy
B.meronymy
C.homophony
D.homonymy
14.MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto.
A.breakdownofconversation
B.confusionofone'sintention
C.hostilitybetweenspeakersandthelisteners
D.conversationalimplicatures
15.Inthephrasestructurerule“S——>NPVP”,thearrowcanbereadas
A.isequalto
B.consistsof
C.has
D.generates
16.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis.
A.lexical
B.morpheme
C.grammatical
D.semantic
17.Thepairofwords“hot”and“cold”are.
A.gradableantonyms
B.relationalantonyms
C.complementaryantonyms
D.co-hyponyms
18.Whichpairofthefollowingarecomplementaryantonyms?
A.alive/dead
B.above/below
C.poor/rich
D.doctor/patient
19.Whatistherelationbetweenthepairofsentences:
Helikesseafood.
Helikescrabs
A.synonymy
B.inconsistency
C.entailment
D.presupposition
20.Whichpairofthefollowingarehomographs?
A.piecen./peacen.
B.tearv./tearn.
C.fastadj./fastv.
D.flowern./rosen.
21.Whichpairofthefollowingaredialectalsynonyms?
A.lorry,truck
B.kid,child
C.collaborator,accomplice
D.amaze,astound
22.“Lift”and“elevator”formapairsyfnonyms.
A.stylistic
B.dialectical
C.collocational
D.connotative
15.Allsyllablesmusthavea.
A.onset
B.coda
C.nucleus
D.consonant
23.studieslanguageandspeechastheyareusedatagivenmomentandnotin
termsofhowtheyhaveevolvedovertime.
A.Diachroniclinguistics
B.Synchroniclinguistics
C.Prescriptivelinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
24.dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.Psycholinguistics
B.Sociolinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
25.Ofthefollowingsoundcombination,onlyispermissibleinEnglish.
A.iblk
B.ilbk
C.ilkb
D.blik
26.Whichpairofwordsbelowshowstherelationofsynonymy.
A.drunk—sober
B.uncle—aunt
C.young—old
D.casua—linformal
27.Thesenserelationshipbetween“HehasbeentoFrance”and“HehasbeentoEurope”is.
A.hyponymy
B.antonymy
C.presupposition
D.entailment
28.Inthephrasestructurerule“NP—>(Det)N(PP)…”thearrowcanberead
as.
A.isequalto
B.branchesinto
C.transforms
D.generates
29.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][r][s][l][z][n]share
thefeatureof.
A.palatal
B.alveolar
C.bilabial
D.dental
30.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconvetriosnaviolatesthemaximof.
X:
WhenisSusan'sfarewellparty?
Y:
Sometimenextmonth.
A.quality
B.quantity
C.relation
D.manner
31.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthebecausethis
kindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker'sintention.
A.locutionaryact
B.constativeact
C.perlocutionaryact
D.illocutionaryact
32.Wecalltherelationbetween“vehicle”and“car”as.
A.hyponymy
B.synonymy
C.polysemy
D.homonymy
33.Whichofthefollowingpairsdiffersfromtheothersinthesenserelation?
A.good,bad
B.long,short
C.big,small
D.innocent,guilty
34.Asfarasmannersofarticulationareconcerned,whichofthefollowingdiffersfromtheothers?
A.[p]
B.[b]
C.[t]
D.[f]
35.Whichpairofthefollowingbelongtomeronymy?
A.animal,tiger
B.hand,finger
C.livestock,dog
D.furniture,dresser
36.“-En”in“blacken”is__a_(n_)_._
A.derivationalaffix
B.inflectionalaffix
C.freeroot
D.boundroot
37.Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasicofsentences.
A.form
B.structure
C.meaning
D.soundpattern
38.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.
A.commissives
B.directives
B.expressives
D.declaratives
39.Theillocutionarypointoftheistoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecified
intheutteranee.
A.declarations
B.expressives
B.commissives
D.directives
40.Y'sutteraneeinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof
X:
Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?
Y:
Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?
A.quality
B.quantity
C.relation
D.manner
II.Blankfilling
1.Productivityor_referstomanlinguisticabilitywhichenableshimtoproduce
andunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencesinournativeIanguage,includingthesentenceswhichwereneverheardbefore.
2.Someantonymsaregadable_becausethereareoftenintermediateformsbetween
thetwomembersofapair.
3.DualityisthewaymeaninglesselementsofIanguageatonelevel(soundsand
letters)combinetoformmeaningfulunits(words)atanotherlevel.
4.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,affixesaredividedintotwokinds:
prefixesandsuffixes.
5.PhonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularIanguage
arecalledsequentialrules.
6.Rootconstitutesthecoreofthewordandcarriesthemajorcomponentofits
meaning.
7.Asuffixisaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalword
anditmaychangeitspartofspeech.
8.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,derivationcanbeviewedastheadditionof
affixestostemstoformnewwords.
9.Somemorphemescannotnormallystandalone,butfunctiononlyaspartsof
words,e.g.—,-er,-edand^ng,whicharecalledboundmorphemes.
10.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.
11.Lanuguge」sasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman
communication.
12.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.Langue_referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
13.Broadtranscriptionisnormallyusedindictionaryandteaching
textbooksforgeneralpurposes.
14.Theroot_constitutesthecoreofthewordandcarriesthemajor
componentofitsmeaning.
15.Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethe
partofspeechoftheoriginalword.
16.DisplacementisadesignfeatureofhumanIanguagethatenablesspeakers
totalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace.
17.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalled
afree_morpheme.
18.Clear[l]anddark[l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/I/.Theynever
takethesamepositioninsoundcombinations;thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
19.Stemisthebasetowhichoneormoreaffixesareattachedtocreatea
morecomplexformthatmaybeanotherstemoraword.
20.MorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitofIanguage.
h
21.Thetwosounds[p]and[p]areincomplementarydistribution,andtheyare
knownasallophonesofthephoneme/p/.
22.Syntaxisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowwordsarecombined
toformsentencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences.
23.CooperativePrinciple(CP)isproposedbyPaulGrice.
24.Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings”Thisviewiscallednamingtheoryin
semanticstudies.
25.ThesentenceMyunmarriedsisterismarriedtoabachelorisacontradition.
III.Trueorfalsequestions.
(T)1.“Wheredidhebuythebeer”presupposes“Heboughtthebeer”.
(F)2.Senseandrefereneearethesameaspectsofmeaning.
(F)3.Aword'scategorycanbetoldstraightforwardfromiiteeaning.
(T)4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesare
freemorphemes.
(T)5.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeisgrammatical.
(T)6.“Thestudent''inthesentence‘Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture
“Thdinguisticlectureinthesentence“Thdinguisticlecturelikedthestudent”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
(F)7.Compoundswitha
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