ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET.docx
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ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET.docx
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ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET
ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET
BYWILLIAMSHAKESPEARE
StudentXXX
MajorXXX
TutorXXXXX
NANCHANGBUSINESSCOLLEGE
OFJXAU
December2012
摘要
威廉莎士比亚(1564-1616),英国诗人,演员,剧作家。
欧洲文艺复兴时期欧洲最伟大的剧作家和诗人,卓越的人文主义的思想代表,近代欧洲文学奠基者之一。
他被公认为最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的剧作家。
在其创作的作品中,四大悲剧之一的《哈姆雷特》被认为是其巅峰之作。
莎士比亚以其独特的创作手法塑造了一个有一个的人物形象。
这些人物形象栩栩如生,独具个性,尤其以《哈姆雷特》中丹麦王子哈姆雷特的形象最为著名。
哈姆雷特是一个处于现实和理想矛盾中的人文主义者,曾经对天地万物、人与社会都充满了美好的希冀。
但是现实的严酷与丑恶打破了他的美好理想,他的人文主义的信念破灭了。
作为一个人文主义者,哈姆雷特在复仇道路上的犹豫,显示了他所代表的人文主义与封建势力的悬殊。
借此表现了作者对文艺复兴运动的反思与对人的命运与未来社会的忧虑。
哈姆雷特的性格中却有着犹豫不定,延宕的一面。
但正是因为他的犹豫延宕才使得这一形象有着不朽的艺术魅力。
【关键词】:
莎士比亚;哈姆雷特;性格浅析;犹豫;延宕;死亡
Abstract
WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616),isanEnglishpoet,playerandplaywright.HewasthemostremarkableplaywrightandapoetofEnglandintheperiodoftheRenaissanceinEuropean,anoutstandingrepresentativeofhumanitarianism,andoneofthefoundersofmodernEuropeanliterature.HewaswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.Inhisworks,Hamlet,oneofhisfourtragedies,isconsideredthesummitofShakespeare’sart.OnecharacterafteranotherwascreatedbyShakespearewithuniquecreativetechniqueinwriting.Thesecharacterswerealivewiththeuniquepersonality,particularlywell-knowninHamlet,theimageofHamlet,thePrinceofDenmark.Hamletisacontradictionbetweenidealsandrealitiesinthehumanist.Oncehewasfullofbrighthopeforpeople,societyandallthings.Buttheuglyandharshrealitybrokehisbeautifulideal,andhishumanistbeliefsshattered.Asahumanist,Hamlethesitatedontheroadofrevenge,whichshowedthatherepresentedthepoorbetweenthefeudalforcesandhumanism,andsoastoshowauthor’sreflectionsofRenaissancemovementandconcernstothefateofhumanandfuturesociety
However,Hamletwashesitatingandprocrastinatinginhispersonality.Hismelancholyisthereasonwhyhisimagehasamonumentalartisticcharm.
【Keywords】Shakespeare;Hamlet;analysisofthecharacter;hesitation;procrastination;death
Contents
Abstrac(inChinese)………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstrac(inEnglish)………………………………………………….……………………Ⅱ
1.Introduction
HamletofShakespeareisaclassicalrepresentativework.Themostfamouswordis:
“Tobeornottobethisisaquestion.”Inthework,ShakespearecreatedHamlet,amanwithwisdomandcourage.Inthe8thcentury,therewasaprinceinDenmark.Theoldkingwasmurderedandthethronewasusurpedbyhisbrother.Theprincewastoldthetruthbytheghostofhisfather.Inordertorevengeonhisuncleforkillinghisfather,hepretendedtobeamadman.Heandhisunclestartedafiercestruggle.Hewasakind-heartedmanandagod-fearingperson.Hewasinconsistentinhisheart,andfellinlovewithabeautifulgirl.Finally,hediedinthetrapsetbyhisuncle.Beforehedied,hekilledhisuncletoavengeforhisfather.Shakespearehadthemostincisiveandthemostprofoundthinkingonthenatureoflifethroughoutthefull-text.Thismadethereaderinastateofstrongshock.
1.1Thewritingbackground
HamletisShakespeare'smostfamousplay.Itisatragedy,believedtohavebeenwrittenbetween1599and1601.Itcreatedin1601-1602years,publishedin1603.HamlethasbeenhailedasthemasterworkofShakespeare.ThisworkarebasedonaPrinceLanceRoyce(PrinceAmleth)story,thestorycanbetracedbackto12thcentury.However,Shakespeare'sHamletisnotthefirststoryaboutthehistory.Earlyinthe16thcentury,theeighties,thesamenamecreationbyThomas•Kidd(ThomasKyd)alreadyfamousamongBritishsocialdrama,butthescriptofKidd'sversionhasbeenlost.Theplayvividlyportraysrealandfeignedmadness–fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage–andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.
Threedifferentearlyversionsoftheplayhavesurvived:
theseareknownastheFirstQuarto(Q1),theSecondQuarto(Q2)andtheFirstFolio(F1).Eachhaslines,andevenscenes,thataremissingfromtheothers.ShakespearebasedHamletonthelegendofAmleth,preservedby13th-centurychroniclerSaxoGrammaticusinhisGestaDanorumassubsequentlyretoldby16th-centuryscholarFrançoisdeBelleforest.Hemayhavealsodrawnon,orperhapswritten,anearlier(hypothetical)ElizabethanplayknowntodayastheUr-Hamlet.
ShakespearelivedinaalternatetimewhichaseriousdeclineoffeudalismandtheriseofcapitalisminEuropeanhistorycameintobeing.HamletisaprinceofDenmarkintheancienttime.ShakespearedeliberatelymadeanerrorofitstimetomoveHamlettoBritishrealityinElizabethdynasty.Britain,atthistime,socialconflictsbecameseriously,lavishcourtlifeexistedintheupperclass,socialsituationwasveryunrest,andthebourgeoisie,betweentheroyalfamilyandCapitalistbecamemoreandmorekeen.Shakespeare,throughthestoryofHamlet,wasruthlesslyexposedthedarknessandinjusticeofthesociety,andfullydemonstratedhishumanistideas.
InShakespeare'sdescription,thisstoryofmedievalEnglandwasgivenanewmeaningandimportance.AlthoughthedramaisfilledwithcolourfulcharactersintheDanishname,butthereaderiseasytoseewhathappeninginthestoryispreciselythedescriptionofBritishsocietyatthattime,thewholestoryispermeatedwiththespiritofShakespeare'sera.Itcansay,"Hamlet,"asaworkintheShakespeare’scriticismofhumanismandthespiritofreallife,isamostprofoundexpressionwork.
1.2AboutWilliamShakespeare
.WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.
ShakespearewasbornandraisedinStratford-upon-Avon.Attheageof18,hemarriedAnneHathaway,withwhomhehadthreechildren:
Susanna,andtwinsHamnetandJudith.Between1585and1592,hebeganasuccessfulcareerinLondonasanactor,writer,andpartownerofaplayingcompanycalledtheLordChamberlain'sMen,laterknownastheKing'sMen.HeappearstohaveretiredtoStratfordaround1613,wherehediedthreeyearslater.FewrecordsofShakespeare'sprivatelifesurvive,andtherehasbeenconsiderablespeculationaboutsuchmattersashisphysicalappearance,sexuality,religiousbeliefs,andwhethertheworksattributedtohimwerewrittenbyothers.
Shakespeareproducedmostofhisknownworkbetween1589and1613.Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,genresheraisedtothepeakofsophisticationandartistrybytheendofthe16thcentury.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet,KingLear,Othello,andMacbeth,consideredsomeofthefinestworksintheEnglishlanguage.Inhislastphase,hewrotetragicomedies,alsoknownasromances,andcollaboratedwithotherplaywrights.
TherearefourmajormasterpiecesofShakespeare'stragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth.Hisfamouscomedies:
MidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TwelfthNight.Historicaldrama:
HenryIV,HenryV,CharlesII.Seriousplay,tragicomedy:
RomeoandJuliet.Healsowrote154sonnets,twolongpoems.BenJonsoncalledhim"thesoulofthetimes,"MarxsaidheandtheAeschylusinancientGreeceas"thegreatestdramaofhumangenius."AlthoughShakespeare'swritingonlyinEnglish,butheisaworldfamouswriter.Mostofhisworkshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages,theplaysarestagedinmanycountries.
Ingeneral,thecreationofShakespeare'splayscanbedividedintothefollowingthreeperiods:
Thefirstperiod(1590-1600)
Towritinghistoricaldrama,comedy-based,thereareninehistoricaldramas,comediesandtwo10tragedies.Inadditionto9historicaldramas,KingJohnwaswrittenintheearly13thcentury’sBritishhistory,theothereightworksarecontenttodovetailthetwo4-steps:
thethreesectionsofHenryVI,thelastsection,withRichardIII;RichardII,HenryIV(knownasthemostsuccessfulhistoricaldrama),thenextandHenryV.10comedies,ComedyofErrors,TamingoftheShrew,TwoGentlemenofVerona,loveinvain,MidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,MuchAdoAboutNothing,happyandtwelfthNight.
Thesecondperiod(1601-1607)
Mainlyintragedy,wrotethreeRomandramas,tragediesandthree5"darkcomedies"or"problemplays."RomandramaJuliusCaesar,AntonyandCleopatraisdrawnfromPlutarch,GreekandRomanHeroes,thehistoricaldrama.Asthedepthofthoughtandrealisiminthisperiodhasbeenenhanced,sothatTroilusandCressida,marriedandatitandComedyalsorevealthedarkside,hangingoverthetreacherousintriguesofevilshadow,whichiscalled"problemplays"or"darkcomedy."
Thethirdperiod(1608-1613)
Tendtocompromiseandfantasytragicomedyormelodrama.Hismajorworksarefourtragicomediesormelodramas:
TellPrinceRickReese,Cymbeline,TheWinter'sTale,TheTempest.Theseworkswerewrittenseparated,reunited,framed,rehabilitate.Althoughstillinsistshumanistideal,theyhaveexposedtherealityofthedarktime,butmainlyrelyonmagictosolveconflicts,fantasiesbychanceandaccident,andtopromoteforgiveness,tolerance,compromise,reconciliationtotheend.ShakespeareandFletcheralsoco-wrotethehistoricaldramaHenryVIIIandthemelodrama,Twoofyourfamily,whichinrecentyearscollectedbysomeofShakespeare'splays..
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