精读3第5单元重要知识点.docx
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精读3第5单元重要知识点.docx
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精读3第5单元重要知识点
Unit5
LanguagePoints
1.take...forgranted---regardsthastrueorascertaintohappen认为...是真的;
认为...是理所当然的;认为...没问题
eg:
Wetookhisco-operationforgranted.
Paraphrasethefollowing,usingthissentencepattern:
1)Don'tthinkhewillcertainlyhelpyou.
(Don'ttakehishelpforgranted.)
2)Hethinksthateverythingistrue.
(Hetakeseverythingforgranted.)
3)Iwantmyselfnottothinkthateverythingistrue.
(Iwantmyselfnottotakeeverythingforgranted.)
4)Mymotherthoughthewouldcertainlycome.
(Mymothertookhiscomingforgranted.)
takeitforgrantedthat...认为...是理所当然的事
eg:
Shetookitforgrantedthathewouldfeelashamedofhiswrongdoings.
Paraphrasethefollowing:
1)Ithoughtshewouldcertainlystaywithus.
(Itookitforgrantedthatshewouldstaywithus.)
2)Wefeltsurethathewouldstudyhard.
(Wetookitforgrantedthathewouldstudyhard.)
3)Ithinkitisnaturalforstudentstohelponeanother.
(Itakeitforgrantedthatstudentshelponeanother.)
4)Wethinkparentsshouldgivetheirchildrenenoughmoneytospend.
(Wetakeitforgrantedthatparentswillgivetheirchildrenenoughmoneyto
spend.)
2.grant
①grant(vt.)
a)consenttogiveorallow(whatisaskedfor)允许给予,同意给予,答应(请求等)
grantsb.sth./grantsthtosb.
eg:
Thegeneralgranteduspermissiontovisitthemilitarybase.
Thegovernmentwillgrantlandtoanybodywhoiswillingtofarmit.
Paraphrase
1)Thefirmagreedtogivehimapension.
(Thefirmgrantedhimapension.)
2)ThePremieragreedtointerviewhim.
(ThePremiergrantedhimaninterview.)
3)Theheadmastergaveusanextraholiday.
(Theheadmastergrantedusanextraholiday.)
b)agree(thatsth.istrue)承认(某事是真的)
grantsth.
eg:
Hegrantedthetruthofwhathesaid.
Igrantedhishonesty.
Hegrantedthatpoint.
grantthat...
eg:
Igranted(that)whatyousaidiscorrect.
Hegranted(that)hedidn'tlikeEnglish.
Changethefollowingsimplesentencesintocomplexones:
1)Igranthishonesty.
(Igrantthatheishonest.)
2)Hegrantedthetruthofthematter.
(Hegrantedthatthematterwastrue.)
3)Shegrantedherwrongdoings.
(Shegrantedthatwhatshedidwaswrong.)
4)Theboygrantedhistheft.
(Theboygrantedthathestolesomething.)
②conj.granted/granting
granted/grantingthat...尽管,即使
=suppose/supposing/provided/providing/onconditionthat...=if/evenif
eg:
Granted/Grantingthatheishonest,hemaymakemistakes.
Granted/Grantingthisistrue,whatconclusioncanyoudraw?
③granted(adv.)(usedtoadmitthetruthofastatementbeforeintroducinga
contraryargument)(用于肯定某事物属实,然后提出相反的论点)
eg:
Granted,it'sasplendidcar,buthaveyouseenhowmuchitcosts!
Granted,heisveryrich,butheismean.
④grant(n.)sth.granted(moneyorlandfromagovernment)
赐与之物(一份给予的土地或一笔津贴)
eg:
Youcangetagranttoimproveyourhouse.
Studentsinthiscountryreceiveagrantfromthegovernment.
3.I'llringyouup.=I'lltelephone/phoneyou.
I'llgiveyouacall.
I'llcallyou(up).
4.pose
1pose(v.)
a)(derog贬)behaveinanunnaturaloraffectedwayinordertoimpress
people装腔作势
eg:
Stopposingandtelluswhatyoureallythink.
poseas+n./adj.---claimorpretendtobesb./sth.自称/装成是某事物或某人
eg:
Heposesasanexpert.
Don'tposesasamanwhoknowseverything.
Healwaysposesasunusual/uncommon/learned.
b)sitorstandinaparticularpositioninordertobepainted,drawnor
photographed摆好姿势以便画像或拍照
pose(forsb.)
eg:
Theartistaskedhertoposeforhim.
Hehadtoposewearingalaurelwreath.(他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿势)
②pose(n.)
a).(derog贬)unnaturaloraffectedwayofbehaving,intendtoimpresspeople
eg:
Hisconcernforthepoorisonlyapose.
Ihatetoseehispose.
b).positioninwhichapersonposesorisposed
(为画像或拍照而摆好的)姿势,姿态
eg:
Pleasepresentaposeforthecamera.
Sheadoptedanelegantpose.
strikeanattitude/apose---holdorputthebodyinacertainwayorusegestures
toemphasizewhatonesaysorfeels;speakorwriteaboutone'sopinion;intentionsorfeelingsinadramaticorartificialway(装腔作势)
eg:
Hestruckapose/anattitudeofdefiancewithatypicallyhard-hittingspeech.
(他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违抗的姿势。
)
Shestruckapose/anattitudetoprotest.
5.pest
①troublesomeorannoyingordestructivethingoranima;nuisance
eg:
Fliesandmicearepests.
Someinsectsarepests.
pestcontrol---destructionofpest(withpoison,trapsetc.)
eg:
Peoplealwaystrytohavepestcontrol.
②(Informal)annoyingpersonorthing
eg:
Thechildisanabsolutepest---hekeepsringingthedoorbellandrunning
away.
6.engage
①engage(v.)
a)obtaintherighttoemployoroccupy雇佣,聘用,租用
eg:
Hewillengageaservant.
Wewillengageayoungmanasaguide/aninterpreter.
Paraphrase
1)Ourcompanyneedstoemployanewsecretary.
2)Shewasemployedasaninterpreter.
3)Theywillhireacamerafortheirouting.
b)takepartin,bebusywith,workat(oftenusedinpassive)
忙于...,从事...,做着...
beengaged(in...)
eg:
Heisengagedinbusiness/writinganovel.
Paraphrase
1)XiaoLiwasbusywritingletterswhenIsawhim.
2)Johnandhisbrotherarebusywithaplan.
3)Heistakingpartinviolentargument.
4)Sheishavingaconversation.
c)causesb.totakepartinorbeoccupiedinsth.使某人参加某人或某事
engaged(sb)insth.
eg:
Iengagedhiminconversation
Ihavenotimetoengageingossip.
d)promiseoragreetomarry(passive)订婚
beengaged(tosb.)
eg:
TomandAnneareengaged.
TomisengagedtoAnne.
Mysisterisengagedtoanarmyman.
e)promise(todosth.)保证(做某事)
engagedoneselftodosth.
eg:
Weengageourselvestofulfilourobligation.
Heengagedhimselftopaybackthemoney.
Iengagemyselftobethereontime.
Paraphrase
1)Hepromisedtocomeandhelpme.
2)Ourteacherpromisedtotellusastory.
3)Thestudentspromisedtostudyharder.
4)Mymotherpromisedtomakemeanewdress.
f)Whentelephoning,someoneisusingtheline(passive)
eg:
Theline/numberisengaged.
g)attract(passive)
eg:
Hisattentionisengaged.
②engagement(n.)
a).promiseorundertakingesp.onethatisformalormadeinwriting
(约言,契约)
eg:
Heonlyhasenoughmoneytomeethisengagement.
Sheneverbreaksherengagement.
b).arrangementtogosomewhere,meetsbortodosth.约会
eg:
Ihaveanengagementatfourtoday.
Hecancelledallhisengagements.
Shehasquiteafewengagementsfornextweek.
Ihaveanengagementwiththedoctortomorrow.
c).agreementtomarry婚约
eg:
Theirengagementwasannouncedinthenewspaper.
Shehasbrokenoffherengagement.
③engaging(adj.)---likelytoattractoroccupytheattention;charming
anengagingsmile/manner/person
7.asphyxiate
①asphyxiate(vt.)makeill,causethedeathof,throughlackofenoughairinthelungs
使窒息,闷死
eg:
Themeninthecoal-minewereasphyxiatedbythebadgas.
Theoldmanwasasphyxiatedwhenswimming.
Theroomwillasphyxiateus.
②n.asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia=suffocation---[u]conditioncausedbylack
ofairinthelungs
eg:
Theminersdiedofasphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia.
③asphyxiation(n.)窒息剂,窒息器
8.flavour/flavor
①flavour/flavor(n.)[c][u]-tasteandsmell,esp.offood味道,滋味
eg:
Addingsalttofoodimprovestheflavour.
Idon'tliketheflavourofonions.
Helikesicecreamwithachocolateflavour.
Thisfoodhasstrongflavour.
②flavour/flavor(vt.)---giveaflavourto调味,加味于...;使有特殊风味
flavoursth.withsth.
eg:
Sheflavouredthecakewithchocolate.
Whatdopeopleflavourchickenwith?
(...ginger,onion,sauce,garlic)
Idon'tlikemeatstronglyflavouredwithpepper.
(sth)flavoursth
eg:
Onionflavoursfish.
Chocolateflavoursicecreamandmilk.
beflavoredwith=befilledwiththesmellof...
eg:
Theroomisflavouredwithstalevegetable.
Thetelephoneboothisflavouredwithsweat.
③flavouring(n.)[c][u]thingaddedtofoodtogiveitflavor调味料
eg:
Theorangedrinkcontainsnoartificialflavourings.
Thesoupneedsmoreflavouring.
9.chill
①chill(v.)---makeorbecomecold使寒冷,变得寒冷
eg:
Don'tchilltheirenthusiasm.
Hewaschilledtothebone.
2chill(n.)
a)unpleasantfeelingofcoldness寒意
eg:
Thereisachillintheair.
Takethechillofthewater.(warmitalittle)
(fig)Thebadnewscastachilloverthepeople.
b)illnesscausedbycoldanddamp
eg:
Hecaughtachill.(caughtacold)
③chilly(adj.)---cold
eg:
Itischillytoday.
10.fidget
①fidget(v.)(causesb.to)movethebodyaboutrestlessly;makenervous
(使)坐立不安
eg:
Whenthebellrings,theboysbegintofidget.
Hurryup,yourfatherisfidgeting.
fidgetaboutwith...
eg:
It'sbadmannerstofidgetaboutwiththecutleryatthetable.
(用餐时摆弄刀叉是不礼貌的)
②fidget(n.)
a)[c]personwhofidgets烦躁不安的人
eg:
You'resuchafidget.
b)thefidget---restlessmovements(坐立不安)
eg:
Ialwaysgetthegiddiestduringlongmeetings.
③fidgety(adj.)---restless
eg:
Heisafidgetychild.
11.tend
1tend(v.)
a)beinclinedtodosth;haveadirection容易做某事;倾向
tendtodosth.
eg:
Peopletendtogetfatwhentheygrowolder.
Itendtoagreewithyou.
Paraphrase
1)Heisinclinedtodrivetoofast.
2)Itiseasyformymothertogettiredintheevening.
3)Youalwaysmakesillymistakesinyourdictation.
4)Healwayspitchestheballtoohigh.
tendto/towardssth.---takeacertaindirection朝某方向
eg:
Hisopiniontendstomine
(fig)Hetendstowardsextremeviews.
b)takecareoforlookafter
eg:
Thenursestendthepatientscarefully.
Theshepherdstendtheirsheep.
②tendency(n.)---turningorinclination;away
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