高中英语Book4知识点补充.docx
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高中英语Book4知识点补充.docx
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高中英语Book4知识点补充
Unitone
1.Specialize
Specializein
Hespecializedincriminallaw.
Specialized
Specializedskills/specializedequipment
2.Campaign
Campaignagainststh反对……的运动
Campaignforsth为得到……的运动
Conductacampaign/launchacampaign
3.Rate
1.评估;评价
Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.
Theshowwasrated(as)asuccessbycriticsandaudience.
2.划分等级;分等
Theschoolswereratedaccordingtotheirexamresults.
4.emergency
Astateofemergency紧急状态
Inanemergency在紧急情况下
5.intend
Hadintendedtodo/intendedtohavedone
Ihadintendedtoattend/intendedtohaveattendedthelectureyesterday,butIwasbusywritinganarticle.
6.modest:
notverylarge,expensive,important
些许的;不太大(或太贵、太重要等)
Modestimprovements/reforms
不太显著的改进/改革
Hechargedarelativelymodestfee.
P27.workout
Iworkoutregularlytokeepfit.(锻炼身体)
Thingshaveworkedoutquitewell.(进行)
I’veneverbeenabletoworkherout.(了解;理解)
Workouttheproblem(解答)
Workoutaplan/policy(制定)
P6.8.Catchone’seye:
attractone’sattention
Canyoucatchwaiter’seye?
Catchsb’sinterest/imagination/attention
引起某人的兴趣/想象/注意等
9.Suddenlyithitmehowdifficult……
Hit:
突然想起;意识到
Icouldn’trememberwhereIhadseenhim,butsuddenlyithitme.
Ithit/strike/occurtosbthat/wh-
语法:
主谓一致的重点:
1.当主语为:
family,class,team,group,audience,crowd,government等集体名词时,如果看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果侧重其中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
People;police;cattle作主语,谓语动词总是用复数。
Ourteamwinsfirstinthefootballgame.
Ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthechimpsintheforest.
2.主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,but,aswellas,ratherthan,inadditionto等词时,谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。
NobodybutJimandMikewasintheclassroom.
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致。
Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.
4.当先行词是“theonlyoneof+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用单数形式;但先行词是“oneof+复数名词”从句谓语动词用复数形式。
Heistheonlyoneofpersonswhohasknownthesecretsofar.
5.就近一致
由either…or…;neither…nor…;notonly…butalso;
Not…but;or;等连接并列主语时,及therebe句型中谓语动词由最近的主语而定。
EitherheorIamright.
6.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数要与后面的主语一致。
Onthewallaresomefamouspaintings.
Attachedtothecardwerethreebigwords“Iloveyou”.
7.And连接并列主语,如果指的是同一个人或事物,谓语动词用单数。
Thesingeranddanceissingingonthestage.
8.在强调句型中,如果被强调部分是主语,that/who后的谓语动词由被强调部分而定。
ItisIwhoamtoblameforthemistake.
9.Manya;morethanone后面接名词单数做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Manyasingerhasdonatedlotsofmoneytothedisasterarea.
10.Each/every/manya+可数名词单数+and(each/every/manya)+可数名词单数谓语动词用单数。
Eachdoctorand(each)nursewasgivenanewshirt.
Unit2
1.Expand
Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.
We’veexpandedthebusinessbyopeningtwomorestores.
Expandon详述;充分叙述;详细阐明
Couldyouexpandonthatpoint,please?
2.Circulate/circulation
Circulation传递;流传;流通;(报刊)的发行
Thecirculationofmoney/information/ideas
货币的流通;消息的传播;观念的流行
Incirculation在流通
Outofcirculation停止流通
3.Fertile肥沃的;富饶的;想象力丰富的
Afertilevalley/region
Theproductofafertileimagination
4.Buildup
Youneedmoreproteintobuildyouup.(增强体质)
Shehasbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.(建立,开发)
Buildupcharacter/fame加强;培养
Allthepressurebuiltupandhewasoffworkforweekswithstress.(增多;积累)
5.Focus
Focuson/upon
Focusone’seyes/attention/efforton/upon
Thefocus/centerofattention关注的焦点
6.Underline:
emphasize/highlight强调
Thereportunderlinestheimportanceofpre-schooleducation.
7.P10.……,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.
For作并列连词,表原因。
后面的分句通常表示一种推断性的原因,是对前面一分句的补充。
Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.
8.StrongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,…
One/ones,that/those,it作替代词的区别
(1)one通常用来代替上文中出现过的可数名词单数,指同一类但不是同一个。
One的复数形式为ones.One/ones即可指人又可指物。
One/ones表泛指,theone/ones表示特指。
Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetoneforme?
Thenewdesignsaremuchbetterthantheoldones.
(2)that用来代替上文中出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表示与前面同类的东西。
它不和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语,表示特指,其复数形式为those.
That直指物不指人。
Those即可指人又可指物。
Thereddressislargerthanthatonthetophanger.
Theoutputofcarsthisyearistwiceasgreatasthatoflastyear.
Thecomputersinthisshoparelargerthanthoseinthoseinthatshop.
(3)it就是上文提到的相同的事物,不能带任何修饰语。
HarryPotterissointerestingabookthatlotsofteenagersliketoreadit.
9.P14.Long-termuse
Inthelongterm/run
Intheshortterm/run
Intermsof
Beongood(friendly,bad,etc)termswithsb.
(与某人)关系好(或友好/不好)
Cometotermswithsb.(与某人)达成协议,妥协
Cometotermswithsth顺从,接受(令人不愉快的事情)
10.Turnto翻到(某一页);转向;向……求助
Turnagainst违背
Turnaround/round转身
Turnaway不准入内
Turndown
Turnin
Turnoff
Turnout
Turnover
Turnsb/sthoverto
Turnup(偶然)被发现,被找到;露面
语法:
ING形式作主语和宾语之重点
1.动名词的主动、否定、被动、完成等各种形式都可以作主语。
Notbrushingteethregularlycanruinone’steetheasily.
Beingexposedtotoomuchsunshineisharmfultopeople’sshin.
Havingpassedthedrivingtestmadehimexcited.
2.动名词的复合结构作主语应该用形容词性物主代词和名词所有格。
Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewerabetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.
3.注意能接动名词和不定式作宾语含义有很大差异的几个动词。
Remember/forget/try/stop/regret/mean/goon/can’thelp
4.Want/need/require/deserve+doing/tobedone结构
5.只能接动名词作宾语的动词:
admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,bear;consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,endure,fancy,finish,forgive,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practise,postpone,resist,risk,suggest,stand,tolerate,understand
词组:
be(get)usedto(习惯于...),can’thelp(禁不住),feellike,setabout,stickto,keepon,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,insiston,payattentionto,beworth,giveup,putoff。
6.动名词作主语和宾语的几个句型。
Itisnogood/nouse/nopleasuredoing…
Thereisnosense(point)(in)doing
Thereisnousedoing
Thereisnodoing无法……,不允许……
Thereisnodenyingthat……
Havefun/pleasuredoing
Unit3
1.Depressed/depression
Frustrated/frustration
2.Badlyoff比较级:
worseoff
Bebadlyofffor某物短少;不足够
Welloffbetteroff
Bewellofffor充裕
Well-being健康;安乐;幸福
3.Bored
Beboredwithsb/sth
Beboredwithdoing
4.Optimism/optimistic
Pessimism/pessimistic
Beoptimisticabout/that
5.Chew
Chewsthover:
thinkaboutordiscusssthslowlyandcarefully仔细考虑;深思熟虑
6.Slide:
slid/slidtomovequicklyandquietly(使)快捷而悄声地移动
Sheslidoutwhilenoonewaslooking.
Themanslidthemoneyquicklyintohispocket.
同义词:
Steal
Stealaglanceat
Shestoleoutoftheroomsoasnottowakethebaby.
Sneak
Whatareyoudoingsneakingaroundoutthere?
Imanagedtosneakanotetohim.
7.AsvictorHugooncesaid,…
As引导非限制性定语从句,含义为“正如,这一点”
注意改句动词say的时态。
Asthesayinggoes,“Practicemakesperfect”.
Asthestorygoes…
Thestorygoesthat…
8.P21.Itwasclearthathedidnotkeeptoastrictbudget.
Keepto遵守,遵循,按……行事
Healwayskeepstohispromises.
TheykeeptothecustomofhavingtheirmarriagesonlyinMay.
9.语法ING形式作表语、定语、宾补、状语
1.动名词和现在分词做定语和表语的差异。
2.接Ing形式作宾补的动词有:
感官动词:
see;hear;notice;watch;observe;spot;feel;smell;listento;lookat.
部分使役动词动词:
have,keep,get,leave,set
His funny words set us laughing.
3.Ing形式作状语。
ING形式作状语,可以作时间,原因,伴随,条件,让步,结果状语。
Turning around, she saw a car driving up.(时间)
Havinglivedwiththegirlforfiveyears,weallknowherverywell.(原因)
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.(结果)
Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件)
Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.(伴随)
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
(让步/尽管)
ING形式的时态和语态。
Doing
Beingdone
Havingdone
Havingbeendone
动词-ing形式作状语,当句子的谓语动词和动词-ing形式的动词所表动作在时间上几乎同时发生时,用doing作状语,;若动词-ing形式动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用其完成时having done 作状语,;动词-ing形式的否定形式为:
not doing 或者not having done,
动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,如果状语与主语不一致,可给从句加上主语,变成主从复合句或者用独立主格结构。
如:
While reading the book, the telephone rang. (wrong)
While she was reading the book, the telephone rang.
Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.(wrong)
Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgocamping.
Unit4
1.Flight
n.一段楼梯;一段阶梯
Shefelldownaflightofstairs/stepsandhurtherback.
2.Dash
Togosomewhereveryquickly急奔;疾驰;猛冲
Hedashedalongtheplatformandjumpedontothetrain.
3.False
人造的;假的
Falseteeth/eyelashes假牙/睫毛
伪造的afalsepassport假护照
不真诚的falsemodesty
Sheflashedafalsesmileofcongratulation.
4.P26.AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemtoeachother.
补充
Introducesthtosb/introducesb.tosth
使……初步了解;使尝试
Thefirstlectureintroducesstudentstothemaintopicsofthecourse.
5.……putupherhands,asifindefence.
Asif/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又包含be动词时,这是主语和be动词可以省略。
从而构成了asif+介词短语/ing形式/todo等结构。
FromtimetotimeJasonturnedaroundasthoughsearchingforsomeone.
Hetriedtoopenhismouthasiftosaysomething.
Heglancedaboutasifinsearchofsomething.
6.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,
=Allculturesdon’tgreet…
部分否定
All,both以及含有every的不定代词的否定句都表示部分否定,不管not的位置在句首还是句中。
Notallofuswanttogodancing.
=Allofusdon’twanttogodancing.
Idon’tagreewitheverythingthathesaid.
全部否定
要表示全部否定的含义,要通过全部含义的不定代None,neither,noone;nobody;nothing;not…anything或者no修饰名词来表达。
Ididn’tagreewithanythingthathesaid.
Neitheroftheplansispractical.
7.P30.Itispossibleto“read”othersaroundus.
Read:
读懂;理解;懂得
Howdoyoureadthepresentsituation?
Silencemustnotalwaysbereadasconsent.
Readone’sfacialexpressions
猜测;揣摩
Readsb’smind/thoughts
Itishardtoreadwomen’smind/thoughts.
Unit5
1.Fantasy/fantastic
Fantasy幻想,想象
Hischildhoodfantasiesabout
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- 高中英语 Book4 知识点 补充