Djyadm专升本英语复习资料.docx
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Djyadm专升本英语复习资料.docx
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Djyadm专升本英语复习资料
生命是永恒不断的创造,因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力,它不断流溢,越出时间和空间的界限,它不停地追求,以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。
--泰戈尔
SubjunctiveMood
With“if”
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.
IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.
Ifwehadheardofhisarrival,weshould/wouldhaveinvitedhimtoourhouseformeal.
Ifyouhadbeenattheconcert,Imighthaveseenyou.
Ifsheshouldcometous,shewouldanswerthesequestions.
Ifheweretodothistest,hemightdoitinsomeotherway.
Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.
Without“if”
Shouldtheyforgettobringacompasswiththem,theywouldgetlostinthewoods.
Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,wouldhavelostallpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.
Wereheyounger,hewouldlearnskating.
Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.
Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.
Wereitnotfor/Haditnotfor…要不是,若没有
Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.
Intheabsenceofmathematics,sciencewouldnotexist.
Butforthedoctor’sskill,hewouldhavedied.
含蓄条件句
Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.=Itwouldbeamistakeifwedidnothelphim.
Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.
Alittlemorecarewouldhavepreventedsuchanaccident.
Iwasillthatday.Otherwise(=IfIhadn’tbeenillthat),Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.
Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.上下文
名词性从句中
MaryinsistedthatJohncome.
Mysuggestionisthatwesendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups.
ItisrequestedthatMrSmithgiveaperformanceattheparty.
Itisvitalthatshebewarnedbeforeitistoolate.
Itisstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.奇怪的是他居然不辞而别。
Suggest
Propose
Recommend
Order
Command
Demand
Request
Desire
Require
Insist
Prefer
Move
Urge
Ask
Necessary
Important
vital
Imperative
Essential
Natural
Strange
Itis(high/about)time(that)…
I/We/She…wouldrather/wouldjustassoon…
Itistimethatwewenttobed.
Itishightimewewenttothelaboratory.
Shewouldratherwedidn’tseeeachotheranymore.
I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.
With“wish”
IwishIhadn’tlostmypen.
IwishIwereyoungagain.
Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore.
Ifonlyhehadstayedwithus!
=Iwishhehadstayedwithus.
IfonlyIknewmore!
=IwishIknewmore.
asif/asthough
Theelectriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughitwereafluid.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
ItsoundsasifthemusicisAfrican.
Itlooksasifweshallhavetowalkhome.
Itsounds/looks/seems/smells/feels/tastes…
incase,lest,forfearthat
Theyoungdriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitshouldgowrongontheway.
PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.
Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.
wh-ever,whether…or…在正式文体中
Whateverbetheconsequenceofmyexperiment,Iamresolvedtojudgewithmyowneyes.
Whicheverbethecase,hersister’ssituationremainedthesame.
Whetherhesucceedorfail,itwillnotmattertome.
Behefriendorenemy,thelawregardshimasacriminal.
Infinitive
StructureandForm
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Shehadnoneedtobeworrying.
HeissaidtohaveleftShanghai.
ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic.
Wedecidednottobuythathouse.
PassiveForm
Themattertobediscussedatthemeetingisahardnuttocrack.
Theywereallwaitingforthegatetobeopened.
Heissuretohavebeentaughtbyagoodmusician.
Iamsorryforthearticlenottohavebeenfinishedintime.
ActiveorPassive
Isitpossibleforourhopestoberealized?
Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.
Thereisnotmuchworktodo/tobedone.
Atomsaretoosmalltosee/tobeseen.
?
Dirtywaterisnastytobedrunk.
?
Thequestionisdifficulttobeanswered.
acomfortablehousetolivein
adifficultproblemtodealwith
IsolatedForm
Tobefrank,Ihatetoworkforsuchaperson.
Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkheisamillionaire.
Totellyouthetruth,Idon’twanttoleavehere.
Tocutalongstoryshort,themountainclimbersreachedthepeakatnoon.
Tostart/beginwith…
Tobeexact,…
Omissionof“to”
(1)
Youmustdoasyou’retold.
Weneedn’tstaythisevening.
Wedon’tneedtostaythisevening.
Idaren’tgothere.
Idonotdaretogothere.
Omissionof“to”
(2)
Itissuretorain.
Haveyougottogotothedentist’stoday?
You’dbetterhavethatbadtoothpulledout.
Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.
Omissionof“to”(3)
I’drathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.
I’dsoonerstayathome.
Iwouldassoondoitbymyself.
Sinceit’safinedaywemightaswellwalk.
Wecouldnotbutweepatthesadnews.
Youcan’thelpbutrespectthem.
Omissionof“to”(4)
Hewouldratherlistentoothersthantalkhimself.
Hewouldsoonerplaythanwork.
Iwouldjustassoonstayasgo.
Omissionof“to”(5)
Ratherthancausetrouble,heleft.
Soonerthanmarrythatman,shewouldearnherlivingasawaitress.
Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.
Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.
Omissionof“to”(6)
Let’smakebelieve假装wehaveamilliondollars.
Wehadn’ttimeforluncheon,butwemadedowith/on凑合/将就sandwiches.
Heletfall/drop有意无意地说出ahintofhisintentions.
Don’tlet/leavego(of)放开/放手thehandle.
Wemustn’tletslip有意无意地说出suchanopportunity.
Johnletfly斥骂atorrentofabuseatme.
Omissionof“to”(7)
Hewon’thaveuscriticizehiswork.
Abbeymadehimstaytotea.
Wecan’tletthisgoon.
Hewasmadetostaytotea.
Thiscan’tbelettogoon.
Omissionof“to”(8)
Thetwoboysweresorryindeedtoseehimgo.
Theydidn’tobserveChristinecomeinandgoupstairs.
Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast.
Wefeelthehouseshake.
Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeopletalk?
Hewasseentoenterthebuilding.
Omissionof“to”(9)
Ihaveneverknown(=seen)thatmansmile.
Haveyoueverknown(=heard)himtellalie?
Thatmanhasneverbeenknowntosmile.
Omissionof“to”(10)
Whyarguewithhim?
WhynotgiveMarysomeflowers?
Omissionof“to”(11)
Gopostaletterforme.=Goandpostaletterforme.
Imustgotelephone.
Comelook.
Tryeatalittle.
I’lltryhelphim.
With/Without“to”
(1)
Christinahardlyknewwhethertolaughor(to)cry.
Iwanthimtowritethesesentencesdownand(to)translatethemintoChinese.
Thiswillhelp(to)raisefarmyieldssteadily.
Thishelpedthem(to)adoptacorrectattitudetowardstheworkers.
With/Without“to”
(2)
Allyouhavetodoispushthebutton.
Allyouneeddonowiswashyourself.
Whatshewilldoisspoilthewholething.
Nowthethingforyoutodoisstayinbedandhavearest.
系动词be之前有动词do
With/Without“to”(3)
Ihavedonenothingexcepthelpwithdishes.
Thereisnochoicebuttowaituntilyouarerecovered.
Shelikestokeepthingsratherthantothrowthemaway.
Thereisnochoiceotherthantoreopenhiscase.
OmissionofInfinitive
IwenttherebecauseIwantedto(gothere).
Idon’tdancemuchnow,butIusedto(dance)alot.
Ithinkheshouldgetajob,butyoucan’tforcehimtoifheisnotready(togetthejob).
He’llneverleavehome:
hehasn’tgotthecourage(toleavehome).
LogicalSubjectofInfinitive
Itisimportforyoutouseyourtimewisely.
=Itisimportantthatyouuseyourtimewisely.
Itwasbraveofhimtodivefromthecliff.
=Hewasbravetodivefromthecliff=Howbrave(itwas)ofhimtodivefromthecliff.
WiththePartybranchtoleadthem,theywillfinishthetaskaheadoftime.
“too…to…”andothers
Shespoketoofastforustofollow.
Wearenever/nottoooldtolearn.
Heistoosmartnottoseeyourpoint.
Heisbut/onlytoogladtojoinus.
Heistooready/apt/easy/inclined/willingtobecheated.
V-ingParticiple
Structure
Logicalsubjectof“V-ing”
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive
(1)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive
(2)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(3)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(4)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(5)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(6)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(7)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(8)
V-ingparticipleandinfinitive(9)
只接V-ing作宾语
enjoy,
finish,
suggest,
avoid(避免),
excuse,
delay,
imagine,
keep,
miss,
consider,
admit(承认),
deny(否认),
mind,
permit,
forbid,
practise,
risk(冒险),
appreciate(感激),
bebusy,
beworth,
feellike,
can'tstand,
can'thelp(情不自禁地),
thinkof,dreamof,
befondof,
prevent…(from),
keep…from,
stop…(from)
protect…from,
setabout,
beengagedin,
spend…(in),
succeedin,
beusedto,
lookforwardto,
objectto,
payattentionto,
insiston,
feellike
Preposition“to”
devoteoneself/one’stime/energy,etc.to(投入……),
getdownto(着手干……),
leadto(通向,导致),
objectto(反对),
payattentionto(注意),
lookforwardto(盼望),
beusedto(习惯于),
stickto(坚持)等。
Tenseof“V-ing”
Passiveformof“V-ing”
Negationof“V-ing”
独立成分的V-ing
分词独立结构
(1)
分词独立结构
(2)
Thequestion(havingbeen)settled,themeetingadjourned.
Thechildrenwerewatchingtheacrobaticshow,theireyes(being)wideopen.
Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade.
Withhimwelltakencareof,wefeltquiterelieved.
分词独立结构
(2)
Thequestion(havingbeen)settled,themeetingadjourned.
Thechildrenwerewatchingtheacrobaticshow,theireyes(being)wideopen.
Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade.
Withhimwelltakencareof,wefeltquiterelieved.
V-edParticiple
⏹Ascomplement
⏹Thedoorremain
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