陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)
Unit1BenjaminFranklin
Questions
1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?
Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit
2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?
Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.
3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?
FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.
4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?
ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言简意赅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(朴素的).
Unit2EdgarAllenPoe
1.Whoisthenarrator?
Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?
Montresor.
Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.
2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?
HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.
FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.
3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?
Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.
4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?
Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.
ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.
Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.
Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(酗酒).Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.
Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.
WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.
Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.
Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur(鉴赏)inwine.
Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.
Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.
HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.
Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.
Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.
Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.
Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.
Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.
Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.
ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.
unit4NathanielHawthorne
1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?
Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.
ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife
Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?
Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.
ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.
2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.
Thesecondparagraphonpage30.
Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.
SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.
Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.
3.WhathashappenedtoHester?
Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.
Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.
Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.
WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?
Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.
Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.
Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.
Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?
ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.
Unit5HermanMelville
1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?
IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.
Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.
Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.
Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.
MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”(狠毒)inhisattacksonmen
2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?
First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.
Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale,becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.
IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis“crazy”andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?
Whyorwhynot?
IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.
3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?
Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.
Unit6HenryDavidThoreau
1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?
HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.
2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?
Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?
No,hehadn’t.
Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.
Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.
Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.
3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?
Why?
Yes,itis.
BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.
HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof regenerationatWalden.
Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.
4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?
Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets
1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow
(1)IShotanArrow…
1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?
Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.
2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?
Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.
3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?
Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.
(2)APsalmofLife
1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?
Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.
2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?
Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.
3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).
Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.
2.WaltWhitman
(1)One'sSelfISing
1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?
Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.
2.Whatis
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