广东省梅州市学年高三下学期总复习质检一模英语试题练习版.docx
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广东省梅州市学年高三下学期总复习质检一模英语试题练习版.docx
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广东省梅州市学年高三下学期总复习质检一模英语试题练习版
梅州市高三总复习质检试卷
英语
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
NeilArmstrong:
ALifeofFlight
MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutNeilArmstrong,America’smodemheroandhistory’smostfamousspacetraveler.YetshyoffameandneveronetostealthespotlightArmstrongwasalwaysreluctanttodiscusshispersonalsideofevents.HereforthefirsttimeisthedefinitivestoryofNeil’slifeofflighthesharedforfivedecadeswithatrustedfriend—JayBarbree.
ThisNewOcean
Itwasallpartofman’sgreatestadventure—landingmenontheMoonandsendingarovertoMars,finallyseeingtheedgeoftheuniverseandthebirthofstars,andlaunchingplanetaryexplorersacrossthesolarsystemtoNeptuneandbe-yond.
Starman
Starman,JamieDoranandPiersBizony’sbiographyofRussiancosmonautYuriGagarin,wasoriginallypublishedin1998andrereleasedin2011tocapitalizeonthe50thanniversayofthefirstmannedflightintospace.ThebookcoversGagarin’schildhood,hiscosmonauttraining,hishistoricflightasthefirsthumanbeingtoleavetheearth’satmosphere,andhismysteriousdeath.
NightSkyAlmanac2021:
AStargazer’sGuide
Whatbeltergiftforanamateurastronomerthanananswertoalloftheirqueries,pocket-sizedcompanion?
Connectwiththeuniversethatsurroundsuswithhisstylishcompaniontothenightsky.Allevenlyareclearlypresentedmonth-by-monthwitheasy-to-understandexplanationsandcharts,includingstars,planets,comets,andsoon.
1.WhatisJayBarbree?
A.Aspacemaninhistory.B.AcharacterinStarman.
C.Anovelistonspaceadventure.D.AfriendofNeilArmstrong.
2.WhichcategorydoesStarmanfallinto?
A.Sciencefiction.B.Play.
C.Autobiography.D.Biography.
3.Whatdothelistedbookshaveincommon?
A.Theyareintendedforteenagers.B.Theyaresetinmoonlanding.
C.Theyareaboutspaceandastronomy.D.Theyshowconcernoverstarwars,
B
It’spracticallyasceneonAmericantelevision.Ababyisborn.Friendsandfamilyoffertheircongratulations.Butthen,inthecarfromthehospital,adeepworryfallsovertheparents.“Howintheworldarewegoingtopayforcollege?
”
It’struethatgoingtouniversityabroadisaveryexpensiveoption.TuitionismuchhigherthanatChineseuniversities,andthentherearetheexpensesforroomandboard.
TuitionatHarvardthisyearisaround$46,000(¥318,700),butwhenyouincludestudentservicefees,room,andboard,thatfigurejumpstooverS65,000ayear.
SchoolsoutsidetheUSarealittlebitlessexpensiveonaverage,buttheycanstillemptyyourwallet.TuitionatOxfordUniversityisatleast¥136,500.ThecostofAustralia’sUniversityofMelbournevariesagreatdealdependingonthediscipline,buttuitionalonewilllikelysetstudentsback¥148,500ayear.
Thesenumberscanbereallyshocking,butdon’tworry.Mostuniversitieshavesystemsinplacetohelpstudentspayfortheireducation.
Thefirstthingyoushouldlookintoiswhetherornotyouarefitforfinancialaid.Whilesomeuniversitiesdon’tallowinternationalstudentstoapplyforaid,manymakenodistinction.
Whilemostfinancialaidis“need-based”,meaningthatyouhavetodemonstratethatyourparentscannotaffordtopaythefullamount,therearealsoscholarshipsbasedonmerit.Ifyouareamathtalentorapromisingbasketballplayeryoumightendupgoingtocollegefreeofcharge.
Then,therearesomescholarshipsthataredesignedspecificallyforChinesestudents.ThefamousFreemanScholarshipatWesleyanUniversity,forexample,isawardedtotwoChinesestudentsfromHongKongandtwofromthemainlandeachyear.
4.WhatdoAmericanparentsoftenworryabout,accordingtothefirstparagraph?
A.Theirchildren’shealthafterleavingthehospital.
B.Thestresstheirchildrenwillfaceatcollege.
C.Howtopayfortheirchildren’scollegeeducation.
D.Thefuturetheirchildrenwillhaveaftercollege.
5
WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph6?
A.Internationalstudentsarelookeddownuponatsomeuniversities.
B.Someuniversitiesonlyofferfinancialaidtolocalstudents.
C.Internationalstudentscan’tgetfinancialaidatmostuniversities.
D.Therearestrictrulesaboutfinancialaidforinternationalstudents.
6.WhocanreceivetheFreemanScholarship?
A.Tony,anAmericanwhohasappliedforfinancialaid.
B.Susan,aChinesegirlwhoisgiftedinmathematics.
C.Ann,aJapanesegirlwhoplaysmusic.
D.Joe,aCanadianwhoplaysbasketballverywell.
7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?
A.Schoolsysteminwesterncountries.B.Collegetuitioncostathomeandabroad.
C.Howtopayfortheforeigncollegeeducation?
D.Howtoapplyforfinancialaidforlocalstudents?
C
Nearly40yearsago,PeterHarrison,amarineecologistwitnessedthefirstrecordedlarge-scalecoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)event.DivingintheGreatBarrierReef(大堡礁),hewasshockedbythescenebeforehim.“Thereefwasmadeupofhealthycoralsandbadlybleachedwhitecorals,likethebeginningofaghostcity,”hesays.Justmonthsbefore,thesamesitewasfilledwithcolorfultropicallife.
“Manyofthehundredsofcoralsthathadbeencarefullylabelledandmonitoredfinallydied,”hesays.“Itwasshockingandmademeawareofjusthowweakthesecoralsreallyare.”
Coralexiststogetherwithphotosyntheticalgae(藻类),whichliveinitstissuesandprovideessentialnutrition(andcoloration).Buthightemperaturesandotherstressescanturnalgaepoisonous.Whenthisoccurs,thealgaemaydieorberemovedbythecoral,aprocessknownasbleachingbecausethecoral’scleartissueandwhitecalciumcarbonateskeleton(碳酸钙骨骼)areexposed.Ifthecoralcan’treestablishitslinkwithalgae,itwillstarveorbecomeill.
ThewidespreaddestructionHarrisonsawin1982wasrepeatedonmanyotherPacificOceanreefsthatyearandthenext.In1997and1998thephenomenonwentglobal,killingsome16percentoftheworld’scorals.Withrisingtemperatures,pollution,disease,increasedoceanacidity,invasivespeciesandotherdangers,Harrison’sghostcitiesareexpanding.
Scientistssupposethataboutfourdecadesagoseverebleachingoccurredroughlyevery25years,givingcoralstimetorecover.Butbleachingeventsarecomingfasternow—abouteverysixyears—andinsomeplacessoontheycouldbegintohappenannually.
“Theabsolutekeyisdealingwithglobalwarming,”saysmarinebiologistTerryHughes.“Nomatterhowmuchwecleanupthewater,thereefswilldie.”In2016,arecord-hotyearinastringofthem,91percentofthereefsthatconsistoftheGreatBarrierReefbleached.
8.PeterHarrisonwasshockedwhendivingintheGreatBarrierReef,because_______.
A.thereefsweremadeupofpreciouscorals
B.hesawthecoralshehadtaggedbefore
C.thecoralswereruinedbadlyandquickly
D.hefoundaghostcitywithtropicallife
9.Paragraph3ismainlyabout_______.
A.thecausesofcoralbleachingB.theweaknessofcoralsandalgae
C.theelementsthatmakealgaedieD.theprocessofbuildingalinkwithalgae
10.Thephrase“Harrison’sghostcities”inParagraph4mostprobablyrefersto______.
A.thecoralbleachingB.invasivespecies
C.globalwarmingD.thepollutedocean
11
Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A.Withalgaelivinginitstissues,coral’swhiteskeletonisexposed.
B.Thereefsdiebecausethewaterhasn’tbeencleanedthoroughly
C
Solvingglobalwarmingistherealsolutiontocoralbleaching.
D.Theseverestcoralbleachingoccurredaboutfourdecadesago.
D
AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.
Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.
Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.
Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.
12.HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?
A.Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.
B.Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.
C.Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.
D.Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“valida
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