专四语法写作和词组.docx
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专四语法写作和词组.docx
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专四语法写作和词组
一、语法部分考查重点
1、虚拟语气的考点为:
wouldrather+that从句+一般过去时;
Itisvital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+(should)动词原形;
proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;
Itistime/abouttime/hightime+that+一般过去时;
lest+that+should+动词原形;
ifonly+that+would+动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为:
非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用attimes,provided,solongas,incase,once等来替代if;
由evenif/so,nowthat,forall等引导的让步状语从句;
just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;morethan,as...as,notsomuchas,thesameas,asmuchas等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点
1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:
popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如:
confessto/setabout/beusedto+doing;besupposedto/have/makesb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如:
come,go,set,break等构成的短语。
4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
5、介词短语在句中作状语如:
intermsof;withtheexceptionof;invain等,另外还应注意ratherthan,otherthan,suchas,none/nothing+but等词在考题中的出现。
四、写作替换词
第一类:
巨大:
big
Colossal:
e.g. The buildings are colossal. 尺寸、体积的巨大
Enormous:
e.g. enormous amount / of enormous size
Immense:
e.g. They made an immense improvement in English.
The expense of living is immense.
Gargantuan:
e.g. Falk even persuaded Nike to spend at least $1 million marketing Jordan, a gargantuan sum at the time.
Grandiose:
e.g. a grandiose writing style 浮夸的写作风格
a grandiose but impractical plan 大而不当的计划
Massive:
e.g. a massive monument / drink a massive amount of alcohol
Monolithic:
e.g. a monolithic worldwide movement统一世界性运动
Prodigious:
e.g. a prodigious opportunity 绝好的机会
Prodigious squandering 巨大的浪费
Tremendous :
e.g. tremendous determination 无比的毅力 / tremendous force / a tremendous task 艰巨的任务 / make tremendous efforts / of tremendous momentum 气势磅礴
小的:
small
Diminutive :
e.g. a diminutive thing or person
Miniature :
e.g. miniature lamp / war / …
Miniscule :
e.g. For another, the interstellar grains are miniscule – only a few microns in size.
快地:
fastly
by leaps and bounds :
e.g. Her French is improving by leaps and bounds. 她法语进步飞快
加强:
strengthen
Bolster :
e.g. bolster up a crime 包庇罪行 / bolster up one’s morale 鼓舞士气
Both sides offered statistics to bolster their arguments.
Buttress :
e.g. buttress up an argument 支持一个论点
The government intends to buttress up its power.
Consolidate :
e.g. consolidate at every step 步步为营/ consolidate a leading body 整顿领导
班子/consolidate national defense and resist aggression 加强国防抵抗侵略
Reinforce :
e.g. Culture factors reinforce these trends. 文化因素加强了这些趋势。
Intensify :
e.g. We will intensify development of socialist culture. 加强社会主义文化建设
Fortify :
e.g. Good eating habits help to fortify the body against disease.
强的:
strong
Brawny :
e.g. Success will mean the difference between a brawny giant and a blubbery one.
Muscular :
e.g. a muscular young man
Sinewy :
e.g. a sinewy style of writing 刚劲的文风/ sinewy muscles
Impregnable :
e.g. an impregnable argument 无可辩驳的论据/ an impregnable belief
Invincible :
e.g. Defeat makes us invincible. 失败使我们不可战胜。
Potent /Robust/Virile/stalwart /stout/sturdy
强人:
baron(巨头)
Magnate/Mogul
削弱:
weaken
Diminish :
e.g. diminish the cost of production 减少成本
Several unpopular decisions diminished the governor’s popularity.
Debilitate :
e.g. Heat debilitates many people. 酷热使人体力衰弱。
Enervate :
e.g. Idleness enervate the will to succeed. 懒惰削弱了成功的决心。
sap/ undermine/perish/wane
弱的:
weak
Feeble :
e.g. She replied in but a feeble voice.
Tenuous :
e.g. a tenuous line of argument 空洞的辩论方式
He had a rather tenuous grasp of reality. 他对现实认识很肤浅
frail/ decrepit / impotent/ puny/flaccid
重要的:
important
Consequential :
e.g. a consequential figure in the academic community 学术界举足轻重的人
Prominent :
e.g. a prominent role 特殊作用/ a prominent figure during this period 该时代著
名人物
Crucial :
e.g. concentrate on crucial points 抓住重点
momentous/ eminent/ pivotal/ substantial/significant/ essential/ fundamental
重要:
importance
Core :
e.g. core course 基础课/ core ideal 中心思想
Magnitude :
e.g. minimized the magnitude of the crisis 极度轻视危机的程度
Essence :
e.g. grasp the essence of things 抓住本质/ time is of the essence 时间就是生命
hub/ gist
居首位的:
leading
Foremost :
e.g. First and foremost, be discreet. / a foremost position 最前的位置
Paramount :
e.g. This matter is of paramount importance. 此事至关重要
The reduction of unemployment should be paramount.降低失业率应为头等大事。
Prevailing :
e.g. a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观
Thrift has become the prevailing practice. 节约成风
overriding /predominant/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme
不重要的:
unimportant
Marginal :
e.g. marginal culture 边缘文化/ marginal writing ability 写作能力很低
Trivial :
e.g. a trivial mind 微不足道的意见/ something unsubstantial or trivial
Negligible :
e.g. Losses in trade this year were negligible./ have a negligible effect on
peripheral/ trifling
超过:
surpass
Override :
e.g. Considerations of safety override all other concerns. 对安全的考虑压倒一切。
The appeal court overrides the decision of the lower court.
上诉法院推翻了夏季法院的判决。
Transcend :
e.g. Such matters transcend human understanding. 这些是人类无法理解的。
Transcend myself completely. 完全超越自我。
They transcend national borders and generations. 它们超越国界及世代。
Outwit :
e.g. to outwit by talking 以口才取胜
Each trying to cheat or outwit the other 尔虞我诈
Prevail :
e.g. prevail against a person 胜过某人 / Truth will ultimately prevail.真理终将胜利。
exceed/ overwhelming/ be superior to/ outweigh / be inferior to(劣于)= be subordinate to
霸权:
ascendancy
hegemony/supremacy
六、写作出彩句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句:
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。
)
例句:
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V .. (不可否认的...)
例句:
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句:
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
例句:
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)
例句:
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
例句:
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句:
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj. + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
例句:
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj. + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj. + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:
The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力,你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着.. ,..能够..)
例句:
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
例句:
Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
例句:
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)
例句:
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句:
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句:
There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句:
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句:
It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
作者:
平常心 时间:
2009-5-2 17:
34:
00
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句:
Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。
那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式.. (过去...年来,...一直...)
例句:
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
例句:
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。
)
例句:
It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
例句:
The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)
例句:
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)
例句
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