美国心理学者的伦理行为准则 修订版.docx
- 文档编号:23646775
- 上传时间:2023-05-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:32
- 大小:34.82KB
美国心理学者的伦理行为准则 修订版.docx
《美国心理学者的伦理行为准则 修订版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美国心理学者的伦理行为准则 修订版.docx(32页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
美国心理学者的伦理行为准则修订版
EthicalPrinciplesofPsychologistsandCodeofConduct
2010Amendments
IntroductionandApplicability
TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation's(APA)EthicalPrinciplesofPsychologistsandCodeofConduct(hereinafterreferredtoastheEthicsCode)consistsofanIntroduction,aPreamble,fiveGeneralPrinciples,andspecificEthicalStandards.TheIntroductiondiscussestheintent,organization,proceduralconsiderations,andscopeofapplicationoftheEthicsCode.ThePreambleandGeneralPrinciplesareaspirationalgoalstoguidepsychologiststowardthehighestidealsofpsychology.AlthoughthePreambleandGeneralPrinciplesarenotthemselvesenforceablerules,theyshouldbeconsideredbypsychologistsinarrivingatanethicalcourseofaction.TheEthicalStandardssetforthenforceablerulesforconductaspsychologists.MostoftheEthicalStandardsarewrittenbroadly,inordertoapplytopsychologistsinvariedroles,althoughtheapplicationofanEthicalStandardmayvarydependingonthecontext.TheEthicalStandardsarenotexhaustive.ThefactthatagivenconductisnotspecificallyaddressedbyanEthicalStandarddoesnotmeanthatitisnecessarilyeitherethicalorunethical.
ThisEthicsCodeappliesonlytopsychologists'activitiesthatarepartoftheirscientific,educational,orprofessionalrolesaspsychologists.Areascoveredincludebutarenotlimitedtotheclinical,counseling,andschoolpracticeofpsychology;research;teaching;supervisionoftrainees;publicservice;policydevelopment;socialintervention;developmentofassessmentinstruments;conductingassessments;educationalcounseling;organizationalconsulting;forensicactivities;programdesignandevaluation;andadministration.ThisEthicsCodeappliestotheseactivitiesacrossavarietyofcontexts,suchasinperson,postal,telephone,internet,andotherelectronictransmissions.Theseactivitiesshallbedistinguishedfromthepurelyprivateconductofpsychologists,whichisnotwithinthepurviewoftheEthicsCode.
MembershipintheAPAcommitsmembersandstudentaffiliatestocomplywiththestandardsoftheAPAEthicsCodeandtotherulesandproceduresusedtoenforcethem.LackofawarenessormisunderstandingofanEthicalStandardisnotitselfadefensetoachargeofunethicalconduct.
Theproceduresforfiling,investigating,andresolvingcomplaintsofunethicalconductaredescribedinthecurrentRulesandProceduresoftheAPAEthicsCommittee.APAmayimposesanctionsonitsmembersforviolationsofthestandardsoftheEthicsCode,includingterminationofAPAmembership,andmaynotifyotherbodiesandindividualsofitsactions.ActionsthatviolatethestandardsoftheEthicsCodemayalsoleadtotheimpositionofsanctionsonpsychologistsorstudentswhetherornottheyareAPAmembersbybodiesotherthanAPA,includingstatepsychologicalassociations,otherprofessionalgroups,psychologyboards,otherstateorfederalagencies,andpayorsforhealthservices.Inaddition,APAmaytakeactionagainstamemberafterhisorherconvictionofafelony,expulsionorsuspensionfromanaffiliatedstatepsychologicalassociation,orsuspensionorlossoflicensure.WhenthesanctiontobeimposedbyAPAislessthanexpulsion,the2001RulesandProceduresdonotguaranteeanopportunityforanin-personhearing,butgenerallyprovidethatcomplaintswillberesolvedonlyonthebasisofasubmittedrecord.
TheEthicsCodeisintendedtoprovideguidanceforpsychologistsandstandardsofprofessionalconductthatcanbeappliedbytheAPAandbyotherbodiesthatchoosetoadoptthem.TheEthicsCodeisnotintendedtobeabasisofcivilliability.WhetherapsychologisthasviolatedtheEthicsCodestandardsdoesnotbyitselfdeterminewhetherthepsychologistislegallyliableinacourtaction,whetheracontractisenforceable,orwhetherotherlegalconsequencesoccur.
ThemodifiersusedinsomeofthestandardsofthisEthicsCode(e.g.,reasonably,appropriate,potentially)areincludedinthestandardswhentheywould
(1)allowprofessionaljudgmentonthepartofpsychologists,
(2)eliminateinjusticeorinequalitythatwouldoccurwithoutthemodifier,(3)ensureapplicabilityacrossthebroadrangeofactivitiesconductedbypsychologists,or(4)guardagainstasetofrigidrulesthatmightbequicklyoutdated.AsusedinthisEthicsCode,thetermreasonablemeanstheprevailingprofessionaljudgmentofpsychologistsengagedinsimilaractivitiesinsimilarcircumstances,giventheknowledgethepsychologisthadorshouldhavehadatthetime.
Intheprocessofmakingdecisionsregardingtheirprofessionalbehavior,psychologistsmustconsiderthisEthicsCodeinadditiontoapplicablelawsandpsychologyboardregulations.InapplyingtheEthicsCodetotheirprofessionalwork,psychologistsmayconsiderothermaterialsandguidelinesthathavebeenadoptedorendorsedbyscientificandprofessionalpsychologicalorganizationsandthedictatesoftheirownconscience,aswellasconsultwithotherswithinthefield.IfthisEthicsCodeestablishesahigherstandardofconductthanisrequiredbylaw,psychologistsmustmeetthehigherethicalstandard.Ifpsychologists'ethicalresponsibilitiesconflictwithlaw,regulations,orothergoverninglegalauthority,psychologistsmakeknowntheircommitmenttothisEthicsCodeandtakestepstoresolvetheconflictinaresponsiblemannerinkeepingwithbasicprinciplesofhumanrights.
Preamble
Psychologistsarecommittedtoincreasingscientificandprofessionalknowledgeofbehaviorandpeople'sunderstandingofthemselvesandothersandtotheuseofsuchknowledgetoimprovetheconditionofindividuals,organizations,andsociety.Psychologistsrespectandprotectcivilandhumanrightsandthecentralimportanceoffreedomofinquiryandexpressioninresearch,teaching,andpublication.Theystrivetohelpthepublicindevelopinginformedjudgmentsandchoicesconcerninghumanbehavior.Indoingso,theyperformmanyroles,suchasresearcher,educator,diagnostician,therapist,supervisor,consultant,administrator,socialinterventionist,andexpertwitness.ThisEthicsCodeprovidesacommonsetofprinciplesandstandardsuponwhichpsychologistsbuildtheirprofessionalandscientificwork.
ThisEthicsCodeisintendedtoprovidespecificstandardstocovermostsituationsencounteredbypsychologists.Ithasasitsgoalsthewelfareandprotectionoftheindividualsandgroupswithwhompsychologistsworkandtheeducationofmembers,students,andthepublicregardingethicalstandardsofthediscipline.
Thedevelopmentofadynamicsetofethicalstandardsforpsychologists'work-relatedconductrequiresapersonalcommitmentandlifelongefforttoactethically;toencourageethicalbehaviorbystudents,supervisees,employees,andcolleagues;andtoconsultwithothersconcerningethicalproblems.
GeneralPrinciples
ThissectionconsistsofGeneralPrinciples.GeneralPrinciples,asopposedtoEthicalStandards,areaspirationalinnature.Theirintentistoguideandinspirepsychologiststowardtheveryhighestethicalidealsoftheprofession.GeneralPrinciples,incontrasttoEthicalStandards,donotrepresentobligationsandshouldnotformthebasisforimposingsanctions.RelyinguponGeneralPrinciplesforeitherofthesereasonsdistortsboththeirmeaningandpurpose.
PrincipleA:
BeneficenceandNonmaleficence
Psychologistsstrivetobenefitthosewithwhomtheyworkandtakecaretodonoharm.Intheirprofessionalactions,psychologistsseektosafeguardthewelfareandrightsofthosewithwhomtheyinteractprofessionallyandotheraffectedpersons,andthewelfareofanimalsubjectsofresearch.Whenconflictsoccuramongpsychologists'obligationsorconcerns,theyattempttoresolvetheseconflictsinaresponsiblefashionthatavoidsorminimizesharm.Becausepsychologists'scientificandprofessionaljudgmentsandactionsmayaffectthelivesofothers,theyarealerttoandguardagainstpersonal,financial,social,organizational,orpoliticalfactorsthatmightleadtomisuseoftheirinfluence.Psychologistsstrivetobeawareofthepossibleeffectoftheirownphysicalandmentalhealthontheirabilitytohelpthosewithwhomtheywork.
PrincipleB:
FidelityandResponsibility
Psychologistsestablishrelationshipsoftrustwiththosewithwhomtheywork.Theyareawareoftheirprofessionalandscientificresponsibilitiestosocietyandtothespecificcommunitiesinwhichtheywork.Psychologistsupholdprofessionalstandardsofconduct,clarifytheirprofessionalrolesandobligations,acceptappropriateresponsibilityfortheirbehavior,andseektomanageconflictsofinterestthatcouldleadtoexploitationorharm.Psychologistsconsultwith,referto,orcooperatewithotherprofessionalsandinstitutionstotheextentneededtoservethebestinterestsofthosewithwhomtheywork.Theyareconcernedabouttheethicalcomplianceoftheircolleagues'scientificandprofessionalconduct.Psychologistsstrivetocontributeaportionoftheirprofessionaltimeforlittleornocompensationorpersonaladvantage.
PrincipleC:
Integrity
Psychologistsseektopromoteaccuracy,honesty,andtruthfulnessinthescience,teaching,andpracticeofpsychology.Intheseactivitiespsychologistsdonotsteal,cheat,orengageinfraud,subterfuge,orintentionalmisrepresentationoffact.Psychologistsstrivetokeeptheirpromisesandtoavoidunwiseorunclearcommitments.Insituationsinwhichdeceptionmaybeethicallyjustifiabletomaximizebenefitsandminimizeharm,psychologistshaveaseriousobligationtoconsidertheneedfor,thepossibleconsequencesof,andtheirresponsibilitytocorrectanyresultingmistrust
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 美国心理学者的伦理行为准则 修订版 美国 心理 学者 伦理 行为准则