学年河南省洛阳市高二下学期期末英语试题解析版.docx
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学年河南省洛阳市高二下学期期末英语试题解析版.docx
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学年河南省洛阳市高二下学期期末英语试题解析版
2017-2018学年河南省洛阳市高二(下)期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解(本大题共11小题,共22.0分)
A
Atthestartofmyjunioryear,Iwasdeepinthepressurewhichdidn'tcomefromadults,butcamefromotherhighschoolmatesinmyclass.Everyoneinmygradehadthecollegeonthebrain.Inordertogetintotheidealcollege,weallbelievedweshouldmakegooduseoftimetoworkharderthaneveryoneelse.BecausesleepingtimewasnotthetimethatwecouldgetforthestudyofSAT(学术能力评估测试).
IusedtobesurroundedbythepressureIusedtobelievethatifIwasn'tamongthetopstudentsinmyclass,Iwasn'tdoingthatenough.ItwaseasyformetogetangryandIcouldn'tfocusmyattentiononthethingsthatIwasdoing:
Istoppedtalkingtomyfriends,or-tomymom,andIcouldn'tfigureoutwhoIwas.Ididn'ttouchmycomputerorchatwithmyfriendsonline.Andldidn'thavetheconfidencetoknowwhethermyownloveandskillscouldmakemehavetheopportunitytogotocollege.
Fortunately,lrealizedwhatcollegeswantedwasnotmaskingwhoIwas.IdecidedtoshowmyadvantagesandstayawayfromthecrazypressureIwasputtingonmyself.Insteadofforcingmyselfintohigherlevelsofmath,Iparticipatedinanextrahistoryclass.
InsteadofforcingmyselftodomorehomeworkthatIhated,IcutbackandfocusedonthethingsthatIloved.IlearnedhowtolovewhatIwasdoing;insteadofthethingsthatIwassupposedtodo.Ilearnedtoshineasanindividual,notafacelessmember.AndIfoundthatthiswasbetterformyhappinessandalsomadememoreeffectivewhenIstudied.
Tome,individualitymeanshavingtheconfidencetodecidewhoIamandwhoIwanttobe.Iammyself,andreadytoapplyforacollegethanever.
1.Whatdidtheauthormakeeffortstodolikeotherhighschoolmates?
______.
A.Getlesssleep.
B.Dowellatcollege.
C.Getonwellwithhisclassmates.
D.MakeittothetopinSAT.
2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?
______
A.Thebadsituationtheauthorwasin.
B.Theauthor'sbadtempertowardsothers.
C.Theauthor'slackofconfidenceinhimself.
D.Theauthorsbadrelationshipswithhisfamily.
3.Theauthordecidedtorunawayfromhispressureby-______'
A.preparingfortheexam.
B.showinghisownstrength
C.masking;whohereallywas
D.talkingwithothersabouthisproblems
4.Intheauthor'seyes,whatisindividuality?
______.
A.Lovingeveryone.
B.Facingdangerfearlessly.
C.Beingbraveandconfident.
D.Beingthepersononetrulyis.
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【解析】1.D.推理判断题.根据第一段Because sleeping time was not the time that we could get for the study of SAT(学术能力评估测试).可以看出,作者和其他高中同学一样努力在SAT中达到顶峰.故选D.
2.A.细节理解题.根据第二段I used to be surrounded by the pressure I used to believe that if I wasn't among the top students in my class, I wasn't doing that enough. It was easy for me to get angry and I couldn't focus my attention on the things that I was doing曾经被压力所包围,我曾经相信,如果我不是班上最好的学生之一,我就做得不够好.我很容易生气,我无法将注意力集中在我正在做的事情上.可知,第二段主要告诉我们作者所处的糟糕情况.故选A.
3.B.细节理解题.根据第三段 I decided to show my advantages and stay away from the crazy pressure I was putting on myself. 可知,作者决定以自己的力量逃避压力.故选B.
4.D.细节理解题.根据最后一段To me, individuality means having the confidence to decide who I am and who I want to be.可知,作者认为做真实的自己就是个性.故选D.
本文是一篇人生感悟类阅读,作者通过自身摆脱压力的经历告诉我们做真实的自己就是个性.
题目涉及多道主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题.做题时学生应仔细阅读原文,把握文章主要内容,联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义,从中选出正确答案,一定要做到有理有据,切忌胡乱猜测.
B
Justonefizzy(泡沫腾涌的)drinkadaycandamageteenagers'memory,anewstudyhasfound.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniafounddrinksthatcontaintoomuchsugarcanaffectpeople'sabilitytolearn.
Aswellascausingfatness,thedrinkshavealsobeenblamedformakingteenagersmoreviolent.Now,experimentshavefoundthattheycandamagethebrain'sactivityandtheabilitytorememberinformation.Inthestudy,bothadultandadolescentratsweregivendailyaccesstosweeteneddrinksthatarerichinfructosecomsyrup(果糖玉米糖浆)orsugarfoundincommonsoftdrinks.Theadultsperformednormallyintestsofcognitive(认知)functionafteramonth.Butwhenconsumptionoccurredduringadolescence,therateperformedpoorlyintestsoflearningandmemoryability.
Inadditiontocausingmemorydamage,adolescentconsumptionforsweeteneddrinksalsoproducedinflammation(炎症)inthehippocampus(anareaofthebrainthatcontrolsmanylearningandmemoryfunctions).DrKanoski,whopresentedhisfindingsatanannualmeetinginSeattle,said,"Thehippocampusissuchacriticalbrainregionformemoryfunction.Itisparticularlysensitivetovariousenvironmentalfactors,includingeatingfoodsthatarehighinfatandprocessedsugar."
Thereisnorecommendednumberofsoftandfizzydrinksthatchildrencanhave.ButtheNationalHealthServiceadvises,aspartofahealthybalanceddiet,itisimportantthattheyshouldnothavetoomanybetweenmeals.Italsomentionsthatparentsshouldattachgreatimportancetohelpingtheirchildrendevelopgoodhabitsofeating.It'snoteasytoprotectchildrenfromdrinkingtoomuchcococolaorsomethinglikethat,butsomething;mustbedonetoletthemknow"Youarewhatyoueat.
5.Whichofthefollowingistheconsequenceofsoftdrinksrichinsugar?
______
A.Damagetotheteeth.
B.Fatnessandlaziness.
C.Thesensitivitytoenvironmentalfactors.
D.Moreviolentbehaviorandlearningprogress.
6.Howdotheresearchersprovefizzydrinksaffectmemory?
______
A.Bymakingexperiments.
B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Byprovidingfigures.
D.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.
7.What'stheideaofDr.Kanoski?
______
A.Toomanysoftdrinkscandamagethebrain.
B.Thereisnocloseconnectionbetweendietandmemory.
C.Thehippocampushasnothingtodowithmemoryfunction.
D.Softdrinkscantemporarilylowertheabilitytolearn.
8.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestdescribethethemeofthepassage?
______
A.Toomuchsugarcanaffectpeople'sabilitytolearn
B.It'simportanttohelpchildrendevelopgoodhabitsofeating.
C.Thedrinkshavebeenblamedformakingteenagersmoreviolent.
D.Justonefizzydrinkadaycandamageteenagers'memoryandlearningability.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】A
【小题4】D
【解析】CAAD
1.C.细节理解题.根据第三段It is particularly sensitive to various environmental factors, including eating foods that are high in fat and processed sugar它对各种环境因素特别敏感,包括食用高脂肪和加工糖的食物.可知C项符合答案,故选C.
2.A.细节理解题.根据第二段Now, experiments have found that they can damage the brain's activity and the ability to remember information现在,实验发现它们会损害大脑的活动和记忆信息的能力,可知研究人员通过实验来证明泡沫饮料对记忆有害,故选A.
3.A.推理判断题.根据第三段In addition to causing memory damage, adolescent consumption for sweetened drinks also produced inflammation (炎症) in the hippocampus 除了引起记忆损伤外,青少年饮用含糖饮料还会引起海马体发炎(症状),可知泡沫饮料对大脑有害,故选A.
4.D.主旨大意题.根据第一段Just one fizzy (泡沫腾涌的) drink a day can damage teenagers' memory, a new study has found. Researchers at the University of Southern California found drinks that contain too much sugar can affect people's ability to learn一项新的研究发现,每天只喝一杯泡沫腾腾的饮料会损害青少年的记忆.南加州大学的研究人员发现,含糖过多的饮料会影响人们的学习能力,故答案为D.
本文是一篇说明文,属于社会文化类阅读,讲述的是青少年饮用含糖过多的饮料会影响他们的学习能力和记忆能力.
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.
C
Parentswhocontroltheirchildrentoomuchcouldcausethemlifelongpsychologicaldamage,accordingtoastudywhichtrackedagroupofpeopleborninthe1940suntilthepresentday.
Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoreportedtheirparentshadcontrolledtheirprivatelifeorencourageddependenceweremorelikelytohavelowscoresinsurveysofhappinessandgeneralwell-beingintheirteens,their30s,their40sandeventheir60s.Incontrast,peoplewhosaidtheirparentsweremorecaring,warmandresponsivetotheirneedstendedtobemorecontentwellintoadulthood.
Thefindingsarethepeakofasurveywhichhastrackedmorethan5,000peoplesincetheirbirthin1946.Itiswell-establishedthatchildhoodinfluencescanhavesignificanteffectsonthedevelopingbrain,hutthisisoneofthefirststudiesthathaveattemptedtomeasuretheirimpactoversuchalongperiodoftime,Informationonparentingstyleswasonlyavailablefromthestudyparticipantsthemselves,whowereaskedtorecalltheirchildhoodswhenintheir40s,andunhappypeoplemaybemorelikelytodescribetheirparentsascontrolling.
However,theresearcherssaidchildrenwhoareabletoformsecureemotionalbondswithparentsaremorelikelytohavesecure,happyrelationshipslaterinlife.
Controlsofchildren'sprivacyletchildrenfailtomaketheirowndecisions.Ontheotherhand,studyparticipantswereaskedaboutbehavioralcontrol,whichincludedelementsofparentingthatinvolvenotlettingchildrenget.theirownway:
forexample,notalwaysallowingthemtogooutasoftenastheywouldlike.Nolinkswithpsychologicalwell-beingwereobservedinrelationtothiskindofparenting.
9.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?
______
A.Thisstudytrackedagroupofpeoplebornfrom1940to2015.
B.Peoplewhoseparentshadcontrolswerehappierinthesurveys.
C.Peoplewhoseparentssatisfiedtheirneedsfeltgoodintheiradulthood.
D.TheinfluencesonchildhoodcanhaveBideeffectsonthedevelopingbrain.
10.Whichstatementbelowisincludedintotheexamplesofpsychologicallycontrollingbehavior?
______
A.Parentsdon'tencouragechildren'sindependence.
B.Parentspaytoolittleattentiontothetheirchildren.
C.Parentslettheirchildrenmaketheirdecisionsontheirown.
D.Parentsallowtheirchildrentogooutasoftenastheywouldlike.
11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
______
A.Parentsshouldcareabouttheirchildren.
B.Controlsofc
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